Tag: M.W=450-500

Sereikaite, Jolanta published the artcileCongo red interaction with alpha-proteins., HPLC of Formula: 70539-42-3, the publication is Acta biochimica Polonica (2006), 53(1), 87-92, database is MEDLINE.

The ability of Congo red to form complexes with alpha-proteins, human growth hormone and human interferon-alpha2b, was found by absorption difference spectroscopy. A human growth hormone-Congo red complex was isolated by gel-permeation chromatography, and its visible absorption spectrum was registered in comparison to free dye. The ability of Congo red to induce dimerization of human growth hormone was demonstrated using chemical cross-linking agents 1,3,5-triacryloyl-hexahydro-s-triazine and ethylene glycol bis(succinimidylsuccinate).

Acta biochimica Polonica published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H26ClN3O, HPLC of Formula: 70539-42-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sereikaite, Jolanta published the artcileCongo red interaction with α-proteins, Quality Control of 70539-42-3, the publication is Acta Biochimica Polonica (2006), 53(1), 87-91, database is CAplus.

The ability of Congo red to form complexes with α-proteins, human growth hormone and human interferon-α2b, was found by absorption difference spectroscopy. A human growth hormone-Congo red complex was isolated by gel-permeation chromatog., and its visible absorption spectrum was registered in comparison to free dye. The ability of Congo red to induce dimerization of human growth hormone was demonstrated using chem. crosslinking agents 1,3,5-triacryloyl-hexahydro-s-triazine and ethylene glycol bis(succinimidylsuccinate).

Acta Biochimica Polonica published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C11H10O, Quality Control of 70539-42-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rehman, Saima published the artcileCross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of Penicillium notatum lipase enzyme with improved activity, stability and reusability characteristics, Name: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, the publication is International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2016), 1161-1169, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are considered as an effective tool for the immobilization of enzyme. In this study, Pencillium notatum lipase (PNL) was immobilized as carrier free cross-linked enzyme aggregates using glutaraldehyde (GLA) and Ethylene glycol-bis [succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide] (EG-NHS) as crosslinking agents. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of an efficient lipase CLEAs such as precipitant type, the nature and amount of crosslinking reagent, and crosslinking time were optimized. The recovered activities of CLEAs were considerably dependent on the concentration of GLA; however, the activity recovery was not severely affected by EG-NHS as a mild cross-linker. The EG-NHS aggregates displayed superior hydrolytic (52.08 ± 2.52%) and esterification (64.42%) activities as compared to GLA aggregates which showed 23.8 ± 1.86 and 34.54% of hydrolytic and esterification activity, resp. Morphol. anal. by fluorescence and scanning electron microscope revealed that EG-NHS aggregates were smaller in size with larger surface area compared to GLA aggregates. The pH optima of both types of CLEAs were displaced to slightly alk. region and higher temperature as compared to native enzyme. Highest enzyme activity of CLEAs was achieved at the pH of 9.0 and 42 °C temperature Moreover, a significant improvement in the thermal resistance was also recorded after immobilization. After ten reusability cycles in aqueous medium, GLA and EG-NHS cross-linked lipase CLEAs preserved 63.62% and 70.9% of their original activities, resp. The results suggest that this novel CLEA-lipase is potentially usable in many industrial applications.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Name: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Di Caprio, Nikolas published the artcileCollagen Stiffness and Architecture Regulate Fibrotic Gene Expression in Engineered Adipose Tissue, Quality Control of 70539-42-3, the publication is Advanced Biosystems (2020), 4(6), 1900286, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Adipose tissue (AT) has a dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding adipocytes that allows for remodeling during metabolic fluctuations. During the progression of obesity, AT has increased ECM deposition, stiffening, and remodeling, resulting in a pro-fibrotic dysfunctional state. Here, the incorporation of ethylene glycol-bis-succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (PEGDS) allows for control over 3D collagen hydrogel stiffness and architecture to investigate its influence on adipocyte metabolic and fibrotic function. Upon stiffening and altering ECM architecture, adipocytes did not alter their expression of key adipokines, leptin, and adiponectin. However, they do increase actin cytoskeletal fiber formation, pro-fibrotic gene expression, ECM deposition, and remodeling within a stiffer, 3D collagen hydrogel. For example, COL6A3 gene expression is upregulated approx. twofold, resulting in increased deposition of pericellular collagen VI alpha 3 surrounding adipocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of actin contractility results in a reversal of pro-fibrotic gene expression and ECM deposition, indicating that adipocytes are mediating mech. cues through actin cytoskeletal networks. This study demonstrates that ECM stiffness and architecture plays a critical regulatory role in adipocyte fibrotic function and contributes to the overall pro-fibrotic dysfunctional state of AT during the progression of obesity and AT fibrosis.

Advanced Biosystems published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Quality Control of 70539-42-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hayes, Nandini V. L. published the artcileSelective calcium-dependent interaction of calmodulin with the head domain of synapsin 1, SDS of cas: 70539-42-3, the publication is Biochemical Journal (1991), 275(1), 93-7, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The calcium-dependent regulatory protein calmodulin is a critical element in the machinery regulating exocytosis at nerve terminals. T. Okabe and K. Sobue (1987) showed that calmodulin interacts with one of the proteins intimately connected with the neuronal exocytotic process, i.e. synapsin 1. Here, the site at which calmodulin interacts with synapsin 1 was studied. It is possible to generate chem. crosslinked Ca²⁺-dependent complexes between synapsin 1 and calmodulin in vitro, and covalent crosslinking was used in conjunction with calmodulin affinity chromatog. to identify fragments of synapsin 1 that interact with calmodulin. Ca²⁺-dependent calmodulin binding is restricted to the head domain (residues 1-453 in bovine synapsin 1). Within this domain the binding site is located in a unique 11-kDa Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase-generated fragment. This fragment does not contain the site for cAMP-dependent phosphorylation and therefore does not represent the N terminus of the protein.

Biochemical Journal published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, SDS of cas: 70539-42-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Marasco, Wayne A. published the artcileCovalent affinity labeling, detergent solubilization, and fluid-phase characterization of the rabbit neutrophil formyl peptide chemotaxis receptor, Safety of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, the publication is Biochemistry (1985), 24(9), 2227-36, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The formyl peptide chemotaxis receptor of rabbit neutrophils and purified rabbit neutrophil plasma membranes was identified by several affinity labeling techniques: (1) covalent affinity crosslinking of N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-¹²⁵I-Tyr-Lys (¹²⁵I-hexapeptide) to the membrane-bound receptor with either di-Me suberimidate or ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) and (2) photoactivation of N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-¹²⁵I-Tyr-Lys-N^ε-6-[(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]hexanoate (¹²⁵I-PAL). These techniques specifically identify the receptor as a polypeptide that migrates as a broad band on SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis, with a mol. weight (M_r) 50,000-65,000. The receptor was solubilized in active form from rabbit neutrophil membranes by using the detergents 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and digitonin, and from whole cells with CHAPS. Chemotaxis receptor activity was measured by the ability of the solubilized membrane material to bind ¹²⁵I-hexapeptide or N-formyl-Met-Leu-[³H]Phe with gel filtration or rapid filtration through poly(ethylenimine) (PEI)-treated filters as assay systems. ¹²⁵I-PAL was specifically crosslinked to the same mol. weight material in the CHAPS and digitonin solubilized extract, but no specific labeling of the receptor was seen when membranes were extracted with Nonidet P-40 and Triton X-100. Therefore, although a large number of detergents are able to solubilize the receptor, apparently some detergents release the receptor in an inactive form. The ligand binding characteristics of formyl-Met-Leu-[³H]Phe to the CHAPS-solubilized receptor shared properties with the membrane-bound formyl peptide receptor, both of which showed curvilinear, concave-upward Scatchard plots. Computer curve fitting with the program NONLIN and statistical analyses of the binding data indicated that for both the membrane-bound and solubilized receptors a 2-saturable sites model fitted the data significantly better than did a 1-saturable site model. The characteristics of the 2-saturable sites model for the soluble receptor were: a high-affinity site with a K_D value of 1.25 nM and a low-affinity site with a K_D value of 19.77 nM. A total of 35% of the 2 sites detected was of the higher affinity. A Hill coefficient of 0.61 was observed

Biochemistry published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Safety of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cleeter, Michael W. J. published the artcileChemical crosslinking of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase from bovine heart, Recommanded Product: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, the publication is Biochemical Journal (1985), 227(2), 467-74, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The structure of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase was investigated by using 2 cleavable crosslinking agents, disuccinimidyl tartrate and (ethylene glycol)yl bis(succinimidyl succinate). Crosslinking was analyzed primarily by immunoblotting to detect products containing subunits of the Fe-protein fraction from chaotropic resolution of the enzyme, namely those of 75, 49, 30, and 13 kilodaltons. Crosslinks were identified between these 4 subunits, from these subunits to the largest subunit of the flavoprotein fraction (which contains the active site for NADH), and from these subunits to polypeptides in the hydrophobic shell (which surrounds the hydrophilic Fe-protein and flavoprotein fractions).

Biochemical Journal published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Recommanded Product: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Drew, Kurt L. M. published the artcileSize estimation of chemical space: how big is it?, Product Details of C25H47NO8, the publication is Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (2012), 64(4), 490-495, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

To estimate the size of organic chem. space and its sub-regions, i.e. drug-like chem. space and known drug space (KDS), anal. of the growth of organic compounds as a function of their carbon atoms based on a power function (f(x) = A × B, C = x) and an exponential function (f(x) = AeBx) was carried out. Also, the statistical distribution of KDS and drug-like chem. space (drugs with good oral-bioavailability) based on their carbon atom count was used to deduce their size. Key findings The power function (f(x) = A × B, C = x) gives a superior fit to the growth of organic compounds leading to an estimate of 3.4 × 109 populating chem. space. KDS is predicted to be 2.0 × 106 mols. and drug-like chem. space is calculated to be 1.1 × 106 compounds The results showed that the values here are much smaller than previously reported. However, the numbers are large but not astronomical. A clear rationale on how we reach these numbers is given, which hopefully will lead to more refined predictions.

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology published new progress about 58551-69-2. 58551-69-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Alkenyl,Amine,Aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon,Ester,Alcohol,Inhibitor,, name is 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((S,E)-3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoic acid, and the molecular formula is C25H47NO8, Product Details of C25H47NO8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Jackson, Mark R. published the artcileMesothelioma Cells Depend on the Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-xL for Survival and Are Sensitized to Ionizing Radiation by BH3-Mimetics, Computed Properties of 518303-20-3, the publication is International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics (2020), 106(4), 867-877, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The incidence of mesothelioma continues to rise and prognosis remains dismal owing to resistance to conventional therapies and few novel treatment options. Failure to activate apoptotic cell death is a resistance mechanism that may be overcome using BH3-mimetic drugs. We investigated the role of antiapoptotic proteins in the radioresistance of mesothelioma, identifying clin. relevant targets for radiosensitization and evaluating the activity of BH3-mimetics alone and in combination with radiation therapy in preclin. models. Mesothelioma cell lines 211H, H2052, and H226 exposed to BH3-mimetics demonstrated Bcl-xL dependence that correlated with protein expression and was confirmed by genetic knockdown. The Bcl-xL inhibitor A1331852 exhibited cytotoxic (EC₅₀, 0.13-1.42μmol/L) and radiosensitizing activities (sensitizer enhancement ratios, 1.3-1.8). Cytotoxicity was associated with induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and caspase-3/7 activation. Efficacy was maintained in a 3-dimensional model in which combination therapy completely eradicated mesothelioma spheroids. Clin. applicability was confirmed by immunohistochem. anal. of Bcl-2 proteins in patient samples and radiosensitizing activity of A1331852 in primary patient-derived mesothelioma cells. Mesothelioma cells exhibit addiction to the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, and their intrinsic radioresistance can be overcome by small mol. inhibition of this novel therapeutic target.

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics published new progress about 518303-20-3. 518303-20-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Apoptosis,Bcl-2, name is 2-((4-(4-Bromophenylsulfonamido)-1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)thio)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C18H14BrNO5S2, Computed Properties of 518303-20-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Burrer, Christine M. published the artcileMcl-1 small-molecule inhibitors encapsulated into nanoparticles exhibit increased killing efficacy towards HCMV-infected monocytes, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Antiviral Research (2017), 40-46, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) spreads and establishes a persistent infection within a host by stimulating the survival of carrier myeloid cells via the upregulation of Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. However, the lack of potent Mcl-1-specific inhibitors and a targetable delivery system has limited the ability to exploit Mcl-1 as a therapeutic strategy to eliminate HCMV-infected monocytes. In this study, we found a lead compound from a novel class of Mcl-1 small-mol. inhibitors rapidly induced death of HCMV-infected monocytes. Moreover, encapsulation of Mcl-1 antagonists into myeloid cell-targeting nanoparticles was able to selectively increase the delivery of inhibitors into HCMV-activated monocytes, thereby amplifying their potency. Our study demonstrates the potential use of nanotechnol. to target Mcl-1 small-mol. inhibitors to HCMV-infected monocytes.

Antiviral Research published new progress about 518303-20-3. 518303-20-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Apoptosis,Bcl-2, name is 2-((4-(4-Bromophenylsulfonamido)-1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)thio)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C18H14BrNO5S2, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts