Tag: M.W=300-400

Sharma, Ashwani; Kumar, G. Aditya; Chattopadhyay, Amitabha published the artcile< Late endosomal/lysosomal accumulation of a neurotransmitter receptor in a cellular model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome>, Electric Literature of 434-16-2, the main research area is Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome neurotransmitter receptor; 7-DHC; AY 9944; SLOS; altered trafficking; cholesterol; serotonin1A receptor.

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a congenital and developmental malformation syndrome associated with defective cholesterol biosynthesis. It is characterized by accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (the immediate biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol in the Kandutsch-Russell pathway) and an altered cholesterol to total sterol ratio. Because SLOS is associated with neurol. malfunction, exploring the function and trafficking of neuronal receptors and their interaction with membrane lipids under these conditions assume significance. In this work, we generated a cellular model of SLOS in HEK-293 cells stably expressing the human serotonin1A receptor (an important neurotransmitter G-protein coupled receptor) using AY 9944, an inhibitor for the enzyme 3β-hydroxy-steroid-Δ7-reductase (7-DHCR). Using a quant. flow cytometry based assay, we show that the plasma membrane population of serotonin1A receptors was considerably reduced under these conditions without any change in total cellular expression of the receptor. Interestingly, the receptors were trafficked to sterol-enriched LysoTracker pos. compartments, which accumulated under these conditions. To the best of our knowledge, our results constitute one of the first reports demonstrating intracellular accumulation and misregulated traffic of a neurotransmitter GPCR in SLOS-like conditions. We believe these results assume relevance in our overall understanding of the mol. basis underlying the functional relevance of neurotransmitter receptors in SLOS.

Traffic (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about 5-HT1A receptors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Electric Literature of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Odlind, Bo; Eriksson, O. published the artcile< Olsalazine sodium stimulates chloride transport across the bullfrog cornea>, Formula: C14H8N2Na2O6, the main research area is olsalazine sodium chloride transport bullfrog cornea.

Olsalazine sodium consists of 2 mols. of 5-aminosalicylic acid coupled with an azo-bond. It has been shown to act as a secretagogue in intestine and a stimulation of chloride secretion has been suggested for the mechanism of this effect. The purpose of this study was to examine this possibility by exposing olsalazine to the “”pure”” chloride-transporting epithelium of the bullfrog cornea. The results show that the drug has a stimulatory effect on the chloride transport of a model tissue, the frog corneal epithelium.

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica published new progress about Biological transport. 6054-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C14H8N2Na2O6, Formula: C14H8N2Na2O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mangiacotti, Marco; Pezzi, Stefano; Fumagalli, Marco; Coladonato, Alan Jioele; d’Ettorre, Patrizia; Leroy, Chloe; Bonnet, Xavier; Zuffi, Marco A. L.; Scali, Stefano; Sacchi, Roberto published the artcile< Seasonal Variations in Femoral Gland Secretions Reveals some Unexpected Correlations Between Protein and Lipid Components in a Lacertid Lizard>, Product Details of C27H44O, the main research area is seasonal variation femoral gland protein lipid component Podarcis; Chemical communication; Cosinor models; Femoral glands; Identity; Lizards; Podarcis muralis; Quality; Season; Testosterone.

Animals modulate intraspecific signal shape and intensity, notably during reproductive periods. Signal variability typically follows a seasonal scheme, traceable through the expression of visual, acoustic, chem. and behavioral patterns. The chem. channel is particularly important in lizards, as demonstrated by well-developed epidermal glands in the cloacal region that secrete lipids and proteins recognized by conspecifics. In males, the seasonal pattern of gland activity is underpinned by variation of circulating androgens. Changes in the composition of lipid secretions convey information about the signaler’s quality (e.g., size, immunity). Presumably, individual identity is associated with a protein signature present in the femoral secretions, but this has been poorly investigated. For the first time, we assessed the seasonal variability of the protein signal in relation to plasma testosterone level (T), glandular activity and the concentration of provitamin D3 in the lipid fraction. We sampled 174 male common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) over the entire activity season. An elevation of T was observed one to two months before the secretion peak of lipids during the mating season; such expected delay between hormonal fluctuation and maximal physiol. response fits well with the assumption that provitamin D3 indicates individual quality. One-dimensional electrophoretic anal. of proteins showed that gel bands were preserved over the season with an invariant region; a result in agreement with the hypothesis that proteins are stable identity signals. However, the relative intensity of bands varied markedly, synchronously with that of lipid secretion pattern. These variations of protein secretion suggest addnl. roles of proteins, an issue that requires further studies.

Journal of Chemical Ecology published new progress about Adult, nonmammalian. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Product Details of C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xu, Changtai; Li, Shanqu; Pan, Borong published the artcile< Current drug therapy in ulcerative colitis>, Formula: C14H8N2Na2O6, the main research area is review antiinflammatory ulcerative colitis.

A review. Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are two primary types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). UC is an inflammatory destructive disease of the large intestine occurred usually in the rectum and lower part of the colon as well as the entire colon. Drug therapy is a main choice for UC treatment and medical management should be as a comprehensive one. Several types of medications are used to control the inflammation or reduce symptoms caused by ulcerative colitis. The treatment of UC depends on its severity, location and the presence of complications, so drug therapies must be custom-designed for each patient. Findings which medications best alleviate the symptoms may take time. The goal of medical treatment is to reduce the inflammation that triggers the signs and symptoms. In the best cases, this may lead not only to symptom relief but also to long-term remission. Azulfidine, Asacol, Pentasa, Dipentum, and Rowasa all contain 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA), which is the topical anti-inflammatory ingredient. In UC patients with moderate to severe disease and in patients who failed to respond to 5-ASA compounds, systemic corticosteroids should be used. To minimize side effects, corticosteroids should be gradually reduced as soon as the disease remission is achieved. Surgery or immunomodulator is considered for patients with corticosteroid-dependent or unresponsive to corticosteroid treatment. Immunomodulators used for treating severe UC include azathioprine/6-MP, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is safe and effective in maintaining remission in patients with UC.

Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine published new progress about Anti-inflammatory agents. 6054-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C14H8N2Na2O6, Formula: C14H8N2Na2O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shrivastava, Sandeep; Paila, Yamuna Devi; Kombrabail, Mamata; Krishnamoorthy, G.; Chattopadhyay, Amitabha published the artcile< Role of Cholesterol and Its Immediate Biosynthetic Precursors in Membrane Dynamics and Heterogeneity: Implications for Health and Disease>, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2, the main research area is cholesterol precursor membrane dynamics.

Cholesterol is an indispensible component of cellular membranes in higher eukaryotes and plays a vital role in many cellular functions. 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and desmosterol represent two immediate biosynthetic precursors of cholesterol in the Kandutsch-Russell and Bloch pathways of cholesterol biosynthesis, resp. Although 7-DHC and desmosterol differ from cholesterol merely by a double bond, accumulation of these two immediate biosynthetic precursors due to defective cholesterol biosynthesis leads to severe developmental and neurol. disorders. In this context, the authors explored the role of cholesterol and its immediate biosynthetic precursors (7-DHC and desmosterol) on the dynamics and heterogeneity of fluid phase POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and gel phase DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) membranes, using fluorescence lifetime distribution anal. of Nile Red (9-diethylamino-5H-benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one) using the maximum entropy method (MEM). The authors show here that the membrane interfacial dynamic heterogeneity, manifested as the width of the fluorescence lifetime distribution of Nile Red, exhibited by 7-DHC and desmosterol vastly differ from that displayed by cholesterol, particularly in fluid phase membranes. A subtle alteration in sterol structure could considerably alter dynamic membrane heterogeneity, which could have implications in pathogenicity associated with defective cholesterol biosynthesis.

Journal of Physical Chemistry B published new progress about Membrane, biological. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Luo, Yitao; Zhang, Chengqiang; Ma, Li; Zhang, Yuxiao; Liu, Zhengyuan; Chen, Li; Wang, Rui; Luan, Yujing; Rao, Yulan published the artcile< Measurement of 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol in hair can be used in the diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome>, COA of Formula: C27H44O, the main research area is Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome hair diagnosis 7 dehydrocholesterol cholesterol; diagnostic test; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hair analysis; micro-pulverized extraction; microwave-assisted derivatization.

7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and cholesterol (CHOL) are biomarkers of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), a congenital autosomal recessive disorder characterized by elevated 7-DHC level in patients. Hair samples have been shown to have great diagnostic and research value, which has long been neglected in the SLOS field. In this study, we sought to investigate the feasibility of using hair for SLOS diagnosis. In the presence of antioxidants (2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol and triphenylphosphine), hair samples were completely pulverized and extracted by micro-pulverized extraction in alk. solution or in n-hexane. After microwave-assisted derivatization with N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, the analytes were measured by GC-MS. We found that the limits of determination for 7-DHC and CHOL were 10 ng/mg and 8 ng/mg, resp. In addition, good linearity was obtained in the range of 50-4000 ng/mg and 30-6000 ng/mg for 7-DHC and CHOL, resp., which fully meets the requirement for SLOS diagnosis and related research. Finally, by applying the proposed method to real hair samples collected from 14 healthy infants and two suspected SLOS patients, we confirmed the feasibility of hair anal. as a diagnostic tool for SLOS. In conclusion, we present an optimized and validated anal. method for the simultaneous determination of two SLOS biomarkers using human hair.

Journal of Lipid Research published new progress about Antioxidants. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, COA of Formula: C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dahlund, Mats; Olin, Aake published the artcile< An estimate of the complexing ability of olsalazine from a study of its complexation of copper(2+)>, Recommanded Product: Sodium 5,5′-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(2-hydroxybenzoate), the main research area is olsalazine complexation copper.

The di-Na salt of olsalazine, Na2H2A, is the essential component in a new drug for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. An attempt was made to elucidate the complex chem. of H2A2- from a study of its complexation of Cu2+. The values of the equilibrium constants were β1 = 1.3 x 10-2 and β2 = 3 x 10-5 (25°, 0.1M NaNO3) as determined by spectrophotometric measurements. The value of β1 is discussed with reference to the corresponding value for salicylic and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. The formation constants of metal complexes of H2A2-, which in general are difficult to determine, can be estimated from the known values for 5-sulfosalicylic acid.

Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica published new progress about 6054-98-4. 6054-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C14H8N2Na2O6, Recommanded Product: Sodium 5,5′-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(2-hydroxybenzoate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Schroeder, K. W. published the artcile< Role of mesalazine in acute and long-term treatment of ulcerative colitis and its complications>, Application In Synthesis of 6054-98-4, the main research area is review mesalazine aminosalicylate sulfasalazine Calazar Pentasa antiinflammatory ulcerative colitis.

A review. Sulfasalazine, consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid bound to sulfapyridine by a diazo bond, was first used for treatment of ulcerative colitis in the early 1940s and later found effective in placebo-controlled trials for acute disease and for long-term maintenance of remission. Later studies found that the active moiety is 5-ASA (mesalazine, mesalamine) and the sulfapyridine moiety acts as a carrier mol. but causes many of the symptomatic adverse reactions. This study used information from a review of the literature. The finding that 5-ASA in the active motility led to the development of mesalazine prodrugs, olsalazine (Dipentum) and balsalazide (Colazide, Colazal), and targeted release mesalazine preparations, such as Asacol, Pentasa, and Salofalk, as well as enemas and suppository preparations for distal disease. Most patients with adverse effects from sulfasalazine will tolerate mesalazine. Mesalazine has been shown equivalent or superior to sulfasalazine, and superior to placebo, with a dose-response benefit, in inducing remission of acute disease, and comparable to sulfasalazine and superior to placebo for long-term maintenance of remission. Better tolerance of mesalazine and the ability to use higher doses favor its use in patients intolerant of sulfasalazine and in patients failing to respond to usual doses of sulfasalazine. Adverse effects from mesalazine are uncommon, but include idiosyncratic worsening of the colitis symptoms and renal toxicity. Mesalazine is safe to use during pregnancy and for nursing mothers. As maintenance therapy, mesalazine may reduce the risk of developing colorectal carcinoma. Mesalazine represents effective and well-tolerated first-line therapy for mildly to moderately acute disease as well as for the long-term maintenance treatment in the patient with ulcerative colitis.

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, Supplement published new progress about Anti-inflammatory agents. 6054-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C14H8N2Na2O6, Application In Synthesis of 6054-98-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chi, Xun; Bensinger, Steven J. published the artcile< (Sterol)ized Immunity: Could PI3K/AKT3 Be the Answer?>, Formula: C27H44O, the main research area is review PI3K AKT3 signaling cholesterol biosynthesis innate immune response.

A review. Type I interferons (IFNs) can reprogram the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway to facilitate innate immune responses. In this issue of Immunity, Xiao et al. (2020) reveal that type I IFN signaling and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) accumulation form a pos. feedback loop to amplify innate immune responses to control viral infections by activating AKT3.

Immunity published new progress about Innate immunity. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Formula: C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mantzaris, Gerassimos J.; Sfakianakis, Michael; Archavlis, Emmanuel; Petraki, Kalliopi; Christidou, Angeliki; Karagiannidis, Alexandros; Triadaphyllou, George published the artcile< A prospective randomized observer-blind 2-year trial of azathioprine monotherapy versus azathioprine and olsalazine for the maintenance of remission of steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis>, Reference of 6054-98-4, the main research area is azathioprine olsalazine ulcerative colitis.

The aim of this prospective study was to assess whether the coadministration of azathioprine (AZA) and olsalazine is superior to AZA monotherapy in maintaining remission of steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients with steroid-dependent UC in remission were randomized to receive AZA alone (2.2 mg/kg) or in combination with olsalazine (0.5 g tid). Remission was defined as steroid withdrawal, an Ulcerative Colitis Clin. Activity Index (UCCAI) score of <2, an Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index (UCDAI) score of 0, and a neg. colonoscopy and histol. Patients were followed in the outpatient clinic every month for 2 yr. The study protocol included (1) monthly clin. examination, assessment of UCCAI, hematol. and biochem. tests, and compliance with treatment; (2) a sigmoidoscopy and completion of inflammatory bowel disease quality-of-life questionnaire (IBD-Q) and UCDAI every 3 mo; and (3) total colonoscopy with biopsies at the end of the first and second year of the trial. Seventy patients were randomized to receive AZA alone (n = 34) or with olsalazine (n = 36). Three patients in each group developed side effects or could not comply with treatment and were withdrawn from the study. Three patients receiving AZA relapsed after the first year of the study and three after the second year of the study (19%). In the combination therapy group four patients relapsed after the first year of study and two after the second year of the study (18%). Relapse rates were not significant whether analyzed by intention-to-treat or per protocol. There were no significant differences between groups in time to relapse or discontinuation of treatment, UCCAI, UCDAI, or IBD-Q scores. However, the number of adverse events and the cost of treatment were significantly higher, whereas compliance with treatment was poorer in the combination therapy. Patients with steroid-dependent UC successfully maintained in remission on AZA are not in need of 5-aminosalicylic acid compounds American Journal of Gastroenterology published new progress about Combination chemotherapy. 6054-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C14H8N2Na2O6, Reference of 6054-98-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts