Tag: M.W=300-350

Mahor, Sunil published the artcileMannosylated Polyethyleneimine-Hyaluronan Nanohybrids for Targeted Gene Delivery to Macrophage-Like Cell Lines, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, the publication is Bioconjugate Chemistry (2012), 23(6), 1138-1148, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Nonviral gene delivery systems have a number of limitations including low transfection efficiency, specificity, and cytotoxicity, especially when the target cells are macrophages. To address these issues, the hypothesis tested in this study was that mannose functionalized nanohybrids composed of synthetic and natural polymers will improve transfection efficiency, cell viability, and cell specificity in macrophages. Robust nanohybrids were designed from hyaluronic acid (HA) and branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI) using carbodiimide chem. The reaction product, i.e., branched polyethyleneimine-hyaluronic acid (bPEI-HA) copolymer was subsequently functionalized with mannose at the terminal end of the copolymer to obtain mannosylated-bPEI-HA (Man-bPEI-HA) copolymer. UV spectroscopy and gel retardation studies confirmed the formation of polyplexes at polymer to DNA weight ratio ≥2. Alamar Blue and MTT assay revealed that the cytotoxicity of the developed nanohybrids were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of unmodified bPEI. Mannose functionalization of these nanohybrids showed specificity for both murine and human macrophage-like cell lines RAW 264.7 and human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP1), resp., with a significant level (P < 0.05) of expression of gaussia luciferase (GLuc) and green fluorescent reporter plasmids. Internalization studies indicate that a mannose mediated endocytic pathway is responsible for this higher transfection rate. These results suggest that hyaluronan-based mannosylated nanohybrids could be used as efficient carriers for targeted gene delivery to macrophages.

Bioconjugate Chemistry published new progress about 96345-79-8. 96345-79-8 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Gal and Man, name is (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C13H15NO6S, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

McPherson, Alexander published the artcileSearching for silver bullets: An alternative strategy for crystallizing macromolecules, Synthetic Route of 85618-21-9, the publication is Journal of Structural Biology (2006), 156(3), 387-406, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Based on a hypothesis that various small mols. might establish stabilizing, intermol., non covalent crosslinks in protein crystals and thereby promote lattice formation, the authors carried out three sep. experiments The authors assessed the impact of 200 chems. on the propensity of 81 different proteins and viruses to crystallize. The experiments were comprised of 18 240 vapor diffusion trials. A salient feature of the experiments was that, aside from the inclusion of the reagent mixes, only two fundamental crystallization conditions were used, 30% PEG 3350, and 50% Tacsimate at pH 7. Overall, 65 proteins (85%) were crystallized Most significant was that 35 of the 65 (54%) crystallized only in the presence of one or more reagent mixes, but not in control samples lacking any additives. Among the most promising types of reagent mixes were those composed of polyvalent, charged groups, such as di and tri carboxylic acids, diamino compounds, mols. bearing one or more sulfonyl or phosphate groups, and a broad range of common biochems., coenzymes, biol. effectors, and ligands. The authors propose that an alternate approach to crystallizing proteins might be developed, which employs a limited set of fundamental crystallization conditions combined with a broad screen of potentially useful small mol. additives.

Journal of Structural Biology published new progress about 85618-21-9. 85618-21-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydropyran,Chiral,sulfides,Alcohol, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(octylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C14H28O5S, Synthetic Route of 85618-21-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Patel, Ekta published the artcileAlternative Surfactants for Improved Efficiency of In Situ Tryptic Proteolysis of Fingermarks, Computed Properties of 85618-21-9, the publication is Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (2015), 26(6), 862-872, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Despite recent improvements to in situ proteolysis strategies, a higher efficiency is still needed to increase both the number of peptides detected and the associated ion intensity, leading to a complete and reliable set of biomarkers for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. In the study presented here, an extract of a systematic study is illustrated studying a range of surfactants assisting trypsin proteolytic activity. Method development was trialled on fingermarks; this specimen results from a transfer of sweat from an individual’s fingertip to a surface upon contact. As sweat carries a plethora of biomols., including peptides and proteins, fingermarks are, potentially, a very valuable specimen for non-invasive prognostic or diagnostic screening. A recent study demonstrated the opportunity to quickly detect peptides and small proteins in fingermarks using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Profiling (MALDI MSP). However, intact detection bears low sensitivity and does not allow species identification; therefore, a shotgun proteomic approach was employed involving in situ proteolysis. In fingermarks, further improvements to the existing method can be achieved using MEGA-8 as surfactant in higher percentages as well as combinations of different detergents. Also, for the first time, Rapigest SF, normally used in solution digestions, has been shown to successfully work also for in situ proteolysis. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry published new progress about 85618-21-9. 85618-21-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydropyran,Chiral,sulfides,Alcohol, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(octylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C14H28O5S, Computed Properties of 85618-21-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Woller, Eric K. published the artcileMannose Functionalization of a Sixth Generation Dendrimer, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, the publication is Biomacromolecules (2001), 2(3), 1052-1054, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Saccharide functionalization of fourth through sixth generation PAMAM dendrimers was carried out using a thiourea linkage occurs in high yield (77-92 %) with 85% incorporation of sugar residues. Reaction of 4-isothiocyanatophenyl α-D-mannopyranoside with amine-terminated G(4)-, G(5)-, and G(6)-PAMAMs afforded mannosylated dendrimers. Only a slight excess of the isothiocyanate (≤1.1 equiv/amine) was used. Protection of the mannose hydroxy groups was not necessary as isothiocyanates react selectively with primary amines. Dialysis against a water/ DMSO mixture using a cellulose tube (MW cutoff of 1000 g/mol) afforded the functionalized dendrimers in purified form. A widely applicable MALDI-TOF MS procedure was used for the anal. of the degree of dendrimer surface functionalization achieved.

Biomacromolecules published new progress about 96345-79-8. 96345-79-8 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Gal and Man, name is (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3O2S, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dhabaria, Avantika published the artcileA High-Efficiency Cellular Extraction System for Biological Proteomics, Computed Properties of 85618-21-9, the publication is Journal of Proteome Research (2015), 14(8), 3403-3408, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Recent developments in quant. high-resolution mass spectrometry have led to significant improvements in the sensitivity and specificity of the biochem. analyses of cellular reactions, protein-protein interactions, and small-mol.-drug discovery. These approaches depend on cellular proteome extraction that preserves native protein activities. Here, we systematically analyzed mech. methods of cell lysis and phys. protein extraction to identify those that maximize the extraction of cellular proteins while minimizing their denaturation. Cells were mech. disrupted using Potter-Elvehjem homogenization, probe- or adaptive-focused acoustic sonication, and were in the presence of various detergents, including polyoxyethylene ethers and esters, glycosides, and zwitterions. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, biochem. assays, and mass spectrometry proteomics, we identified the combination of adaptive focused acoustic (AFA) sonication in the presence of a binary poloxamer-based mixture of octyl-β-glucoside and Pluronic F-127 to maximize the depth and yield of the proteome extraction while maintaining native protein activity. This binary poloxamer extraction system allowed for native proteome extraction comparable in coverage to the proteomes extracted using denaturing SDS or guanidine-containing buffers, including the efficient extraction of all major cellular organelles. This high-efficiency cellular extraction system should prove useful for a variety of cell biochem. studies, including structural and functional proteomics.

Journal of Proteome Research published new progress about 85618-21-9. 85618-21-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydropyran,Chiral,sulfides,Alcohol, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(octylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C14H28O5S, Computed Properties of 85618-21-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Arima, Hidetoshi published the artcileEnhancement of gene transfer activity mediated by mannosylated dendrimer/α-cyclodextrin conjugate (generation 3, G3), Product Details of C13H15NO6S, the publication is Journal of Controlled Release (2006), 116(1), 64-74, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

To enhance gene transfer activity of dendrimers, we prepared its conjugate (generation 3, G3) with α-cyclodextrin bearing mannose (Man-α-CDE conjugates) with various degrees of substitution of the mannose moiety (DSM5, 10, 13, 20) and compared their cytotoxicity and gene transfer activity, and elucidated the enhancing mechanism for the activity. Of the various carriers used here, Man-α-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) provided the highest gene transfer activity in NR8383, A549, NIH3T3 and HepG2 cells, being independent of the expression of mannose receptors. Gene transfer activity of Man-α-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) was not decreased by the addition of 10% serum in A549 cells. Cytotoxicity of the polyplex with Man-α-CDE conjugates (G3, DSM10) was not observed in A549 and NIH3T3 cells up to the charge ratio of 200/1 (carrier/pDNA). The gel mobility and particle size of polyplex with Man-α-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) were relevant to those with α-CDE conjugate (G3), but ζ-potential, DNase I stability, pDNA condensation of the former polyplex were somewhat different from those of the latter one. Cellular association of polyplex with Man-α-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) was almost comparable to that with dendrimer (G3) complex and α-CDE conjugate (G3). The addition of mannan and mannose attenuated gene transfer activity of Man-α-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) in A549 cells. Alexa-pDNA complex with TRITC-Man-α-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10), but not the complex with TRITC-α-CDE conjugate (G3), was found to translocate to nucleus at 24 h after incubation in A549 cells. HVJ-E vector including mannan, but neither the vector alone nor the vector including dextran, suppressed the nuclear localization of TRITC-Man-α-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) to a striking degree after 24 h incubation in A549 cells. These results suggest that Man-α-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) has less cytotoxicity and prominent gene transfer activity through not only its serum resistant and endosome-escaping abilities but also nuclear localization ability.

Journal of Controlled Release published new progress about 96345-79-8. 96345-79-8 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Gal and Man, name is (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C13H15NO6S, Product Details of C13H15NO6S.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wu, Xiubing published the artcileSynthesis and surface properties of alkyl β-D-thioglucopyranoside, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of Molecular Liquids (2019), 282-289, database is CAplus.

Alkyl thioglycosides are a class of nonionic sugar-based sulfur-containing surfactants and bioreagents. The surfactants 1,2-trans alkyl β-D-thioglucopyranosides with different alkyl chain length (n = 6-12) were stereoselectively prepared by the Helferich method. Their properties including HLB number, logP value, water solubility, foam property, emulsifying property, surface property and thermotropic liquid crystal property were mainly investigated. The results showed that their HLB numbers and water-solubility decreased as the related logP values increased with increasing the alkyl chain length. Alkyl β-D-thioglucosides were already insoluble in water with n = 10. Both β-D-thioglucopyranosides (n = 8, 9) reduced the surface tension of the related aqueous solution to nearly 29 mN.m^-1 at the critical micelle concentration (CMC), they also had excellent foaming ability and foam stability. Nonyl β-D-thioglucopyranoside had good emulsifying properties for both n-octane/water system and toluene/water system. Alkyl β-D-thioglucopyranosides (n = 6-12) were observed to have the thermotropic liquid crystal properties.

Journal of Molecular Liquids published new progress about 85618-21-9. 85618-21-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydropyran,Chiral,sulfides,Alcohol, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(octylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C22H18O2, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gao, Jieming published the artcileNovel Monodisperse PEGtide Dendrons: Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of Mannose Receptor-Mediated Macrophage Targeting, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Bioconjugate Chemistry (2013), 24(8), 1332-1344, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Novel PEGtide dendrons of generations 1 through 5 (G1.0-5.0) containing alternating discrete poly(ethylene glycol) (dPEG) and amino acid/peptide moieties were designed and developed. To demonstrate their targeting utility as nanocarriers, PEGtide dendrons functionalized with mannose residues were developed and evaluated for macrophage targeting. PEGtide dendrons were synthesized using 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) protocols. The N-α-Fmoc-N-ε-(5-carboxyfluorescein)-l-lysine (Fmoc-Lys(5-FAM)-OH) and monodisperse Fmoc-dPEG₆-OH were sequentially coupled to Fmoc-β-Ala-resin to obtain the resin-bound intermediate Fmoc-dPEG₆-Lys(5-FAM)-β-Ala (1). G1.0 dendrons were obtained by sequentially coupling Fmoc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH, Fmoc-β-Ala-OH, and Fmoc-dPEG₆-OH to 1. Dendrons of higher generation, G2.0-5.0, were obtained by repeating the coupling cycles used for the synthesis of G1.0. Dendrons containing eight mannose residues (G3.0-mannose₈) were developed for mannose receptor (MR) mediated macrophage targeting by conjugating α-d-mannopyranosylphenyl isothiocyanate to G3.0 dendrons. In the present study PEGtide dendrons up to G5.0 were synthesized. The mol. weights of the dendrons determined by MALDI-TOF were in agreement with calculated values. The hydrodynamic diameters measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) ranged from 1 to 8 nm. Cell viability in the presence of G3.0 and G3.0-mannose₈ was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and was found to be statistically indistinguishable from that of untreated cells. G3.0-mannose₈ exhibited 12-fold higher uptake than unmodified G3.0 control dendrons in MR-expressing J774.E murine macrophage-like cells. Uptake was nearly completely inhibited in the presence of 10 mg/mL mannan, a mannose analog and known MR substrate. Confocal microscopy studies demonstrated the presence of significant intracellular punctate fluorescence colocalized with a fluid endocytosis marker with little surface fluorescence in cells incubated with G3.0-mannose₈. No significant cell-associated fluorescence was observed in cells incubated with G3.0 dendrons that did not contain the targeting ligand mannose. The current studies suggest that PEGtide dendrons could be useful as nanocarriers in drug delivery and imaging applications.

Bioconjugate Chemistry published new progress about 96345-79-8. 96345-79-8 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Gal and Man, name is (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C13H15NO6S, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Peng, Huige published the artcileReprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophages To Reverse EGFR^T790M Resistance by Dual-Targeting Codelivery of Gefitinib/Vorinostat, Synthetic Route of 96345-79-8, the publication is Nano Letters (2017), 17(12), 7684-7690, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Gefitinib is a first-line therapy in the EGFR-mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the development of drug resistance is almost unavoidable, thus leading to an unsustainable regimen. EGFR^T790M mutation is the major cause responsible for the mol.-targeting therapy failure in NSCLC. Although the recently approved osimertinib is effective for the EGFR^T790M-pos. NSCLC, the osimertinib-resistant EGFR mutation is rapidly developed, too. In this study, we proposed a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) reprogramming strategy for overcoming the EGFR^T790M-associated drug resistance via a dual-targeting codelivery system of gefitinib/vorinostat that acted on both TAM with overexpression of mannose receptors and the HER-2 pos. NSCLC cells. The trastuzumab-modified, mannosylated liposomal system was able to repolarize the protumor M2 phenotype to the antitumor M1 and cause the elevating ROS in the cancer cells, consequently modulating the intracellular redox balance via ROS/NOX3/MsrA axis. The suppressed MsrA facilitated the EGFR^T790M degradation through 790M oxidation by ROS, thus resensitizing the EGFR^T790M-pos. cells to gefitinib. The dual-targeting codelivery and TAM-reprogramming strategies provided a potential method for rescuing the EGFR^T790M-caused resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment.

Nano Letters published new progress about 96345-79-8. 96345-79-8 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Gal and Man, name is (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C13H15NO6S, Synthetic Route of 96345-79-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Minero, Claudio published the artcileRole of adsorption in photocatalyzed reactions of organic molecules in aqueous titania suspensions, Formula: C22H38O2, the publication is Langmuir (1992), 8(2), 481-6, database is CAplus.

The photocatalyzed transformation of chem. compounds strongly adsorbed on a particle surface was investigated in the presence of different photoactive and “inert” supports. For several compounds, such as dioctylquinol and chrysene, the rate of degradation is only slightly affected by the initial adsorption onto nonphotocatalytic materials (SiO₂, Al₂O₃) when irradiated in a slurry with added micrometer size TiO₂ particles. A rapid exchange of the substrate between the different inorganic supports was exptl. observed and explains the photocatalytic results. Decafluorobiphenyl (DFBP), which adsorbs tenaciously on Al₂O₃, degrades slowly when irradiated in the presence of TiO₂ particles. Measurements confirm that DFPB is poorly exchanged from alumina to TiO₂. Comparison with the results obtained using colloidal TiO₂ or silica particles, and with the behavior of pentafluorophenol, under otherwise identical conditions, suggests that the photogenerated oxidizing species does not migrate far from the photogenerated active centers and that the degradation process occurs at the surface or within a few monolayers around the photocatalytic particles.

Langmuir published new progress about 903-19-5. 903-19-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Benzene,Phenol, name is 2,5-Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol, and the molecular formula is C22H38O2, Formula: C22H38O2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts