Tag: M.W=200-250

Gonzalez-Correa, J. A. published the artcileProtective effect of triflusal and its main metabolite HTB in an in vitro model of anoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices: comparison with acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids, Recommanded Product: 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, the publication is Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology (2005), 371(1), 81-88, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Triflusal is a fluorinated derivative of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) with demonstrated antithrombotic activity. Recently, evidence for a neuroprotective effect was obtained. The aim of this study was to compare the neuroprotective effects of the main metabolite of triflusal (2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, HTB) and the ASA metabolite salicylic acid (SA) in an in vitro model of anoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices. Rat brain slices (n=10 per group) were subjected to a period of anoxia followed by 180 min reoxygenation. The authors measured oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation, glutathione system), prostaglandins (PGE₂), nitric oxide pathway activity (NO) (nitrites+nitrates, constitutive and inducible NO synthase activity) and LDH efflux, a biochem. marker of cell death. Various concentrations (10, 100, and 1000 μM) of triflusal, HTB, ASA, or SA were tested. Triflusal at 10, 100, and 1000 μM decreased LDH efflux in rat brain slices after anoxia/reoxygenation by 24, 35, and 49% resp. This effect was proportionately greater than that of ASA (0, 13, and 32%). The results with HTB were similar to those with triflusal, whereas SA showed a greater protective effect than ASA (13, 33, and 35%). The antioxidant effects of HTB and SA on the biochem. mechanisms of cell damage studied here were also greater than the effects of triflusal and ASA, a finding attributable mainly to the decrease in lipid peroxidation and to the ability of HTB to also increase glutathione levels. The triflusal metabolite reduced inducible NO synthase activity by 18, 21, and 30%, whereas SA inhibited this activity by 9, 17, and 23%. Triflusal and HTB led to greater increases in NO synthase than ASA or AS. In conclusion, the metabolite HTB plays an important role in the neuroprotective effect of triflusal, at least in the exptl. model of anoxia-reoxygenation tested here.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3O3, Recommanded Product: 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Serratore, Nicholas A. published the artcileIntegrating Metal-Catalyzed C-H and C-O Functionalization To Achieve Sterically Controlled Regioselectivity in Arene Acylation, HPLC of Formula: 328-90-5, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2018), 140(31), 10025-10033, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

One major goal of organometallic chemists is the direct functionalization of the bonds most recurrent in organic mols.: C-H, C-C, C-O, and C-N. An even grander challenge is C-C bond formation when both precursors are of this category. Parallel to this is the synthetic goal of achieving reaction selectivity that contrasts with conventional methods. Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) via Friedel-Crafts acylation is the most renowned method for the synthesis of aryl ketones, a common structural motif of many pharmaceuticals, agrochems., fragrances, dyes, and other commodity chems. However, an EAS synthetic strategy is only effective if the desired site for acylation is in accordance with the electronic-controlled regioselectivity of the reaction. Herein we report steric-controlled regioselective arene acylation with salicylate esters via iridium catalysis to access distinctly substituted benzophenones. Exptl. and computational data indicate a unique reaction mechanism that integrates C-O activation and C-H activation with a single iridium catalyst without an exogenous oxidant or base. We disclose an extensive exploration of the synthetic scope of both the arene and the ester components, culminating in the concise synthesis of the potent anticancer agent hydroxyphenstatin.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C18H15N3O3, HPLC of Formula: 328-90-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Velasco, C published the artcileEffects of the nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitors 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid and aspirin on micturition in rats with normal and inflamed bladder., Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is The Journal of urology (2001), 166(5), 1962-8, database is MEDLINE.

PURPOSE: We examined the effects of intravenous administration of the 2 nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitors aspirin and 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (HTB) on bladder filling and voiding in anesthetized and conscious rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Disappearance of isovolumic bladder contractions after intravenous administration of different doses of aspirin and HTB in anesthetized, transurethrally catheterized rats was evaluated. Cystometry was performed in conscious rats during bladder infusion with saline or diluted acetic acid as well as in those with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis. Changes in bladder capacity and voiding pressure were evaluated after intravenous administration of test compounds. RESULTS: Aspirin induced a dose dependent disappearance of isovolumic bladder contractions in anesthetized rats with an extrapolated dose of 2.1 mg./kg. inducing 10 minutes of bladder quiescence. HTB was practically inactive, inducing a dose independent block of 3 to 4 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 to 10 mg./kg. In conscious rats with a bladder infused with saline aspirin was poorly active on bladder capacity, inducing a 20% increase 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 30 and 100 mg./kg. In rats with a bladder infused with acetic acid aspirin was much more active when injected at the initiation of inflammation and after 1 hour of irritant infusion. In this latter situation aspirin increased bladder capacity up to 60% after intravenous administration of 30 and 100 mg./kg. Similar results were obtained in rats with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis in which the bladder was infused with saline. In these cystometrography models 30 mg./kg. HTB intravenously was completely inactive. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that HTB is devoid of significant effects on the micturition reflex in the absence or presence of bladder inflammation, suggesting that acute inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB does not influence bladder urodynamics in rats. In contrast, aspirin, which is a cyclooxygenase and nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor, was always effective, indicating the important role of cyclooxygenase enzymes.

The Journal of urology published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C12H20O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Velasco, C. published the artcileEffects of the nuclear factor-κB inhibitors 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid and aspirin on micturition in rats with normal and inflamed bladder, Formula: C8H5F3O3, the publication is Journal of Urology (Hagerstown, MD, United States) (2001), 166(5), 1962-1968, database is CAplus.

We examined the effects of i.v. administration of the 2 nuclear factor-κB inhibitors aspirin and 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (HTB) on bladder filling and voiding in anesthetized and conscious rats. Disappearance of isovolumic bladder contractions after i.v. administration of different doses of aspirin and HTB in anesthetized, transurethrally catheterized rats was evaluated. Cystometry was performed in conscious rats during bladder infusion with saline or diluted acetic acid as well as in those with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis. Changes in bladder capacity and voiding pressure were evaluated after i.v. administration of test compounds Aspirin induced a dose dependent disappearance of isovolumic bladder contractions in anesthetized rats with an extrapolated dose of 2.1 mg./kg. inducing 10 min of bladder quiescence. HTB was practically inactive, inducing a dose independent block of 3 to 4 min after i.v. administration of 1 to 10 mg./kg. In conscious rats with a bladder infused with saline aspirin was poorly active on bladder capacity, inducing a 20% increase 60 min after i.v. administration of 30 and 100 mg./kg. In rats with a bladder infused with acetic acid aspirin was much more active when injected at the initiation of inflammation and after 1 h of irritant infusion. In this latter situation aspirin increased bladder capacity up to 60% after i.v. administration of 30 and 100 mg./kg. Similar results were obtained in rats with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis in which the bladder was infused with saline. In these cystometrog. models 30 mg./kg. HTB i.v. was completely inactive. The results show that HTB is devoid of significant effects on the micturition reflex in the absence or presence of bladder inflammation, suggesting that acute inhibition of nuclear factor-κB does not influence bladder urodynamics in rats. In contrast, aspirin, which is a cyclooxygenase and nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, was always effective, indicating the important role of cyclooxygenase enzymes.

Journal of Urology (Hagerstown, MD, United States) published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C14H10O4, Formula: C8H5F3O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Alam, Shoaib published the artcileInvestigation utilizing the HLB concept for the development of moisturizing cream and lotion: in-vitro characterization and stability evaluation, SDS of cas: 70445-33-9, the publication is Cosmetics (2020), 7(2), 43, database is CAplus.

The current study aims to utilize the concept of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of ingredients for the development of a stable emulsion-based moisturizing cream and lotion for cosmetic application. The combination of a hydrophilic and lipophilic emulsifier such as glyceryl stearate (HLB value 3.8) and PEG-100 stearate (HLB value 18.8) were found to be effective to emulsify the chosen oil phase system at a specific concentration to achieve the required HLB for the development of the stable emulsion-based system. The developed formulation was characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, rheol., and droplet morphol. The influence of carbopol ETD 2020 and the concentration of the oil phase on the rheol. of the product was investigated and found to be significant to achieve the required thickening to convert the lotion into a cream. The formulation system developed through utilizing the concept of HLB was compared to a product developed through the conventional approach. It was observed that the utilization of the HLB method for the development of an emulsion-based product is a promising strategy compared to the conventional method. The phys. stability and thermodn. stability tests were carried out under different storage conditions. It was observed that the developed formulation was able to retain its integrity without showing any signs of instability during storage.

Cosmetics published new progress about 70445-33-9. 70445-33-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is 3-((2-Ethylhexyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diol, and the molecular formula is C11H24O3, SDS of cas: 70445-33-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bayon, Yolanda published the artcile4-Trifluoromethyl derivatives of salicylate, triflusal and its main metabolite 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, are potent inhibitors of nuclear factor κB activation, COA of Formula: C8H5F3O3, the publication is British Journal of Pharmacology (1999), 126(6), 1359-1366, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The effect of two derivatives of salicylate, 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (HTB) and 2-acetoxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (triflusal), on the activation of NF-κB elicited by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was tested. The expression of the mRNA of vascular cell adhesion mol.-1 (VCAM-1) was studied as an example of a gene the expression of which is regulated by NF-κB. To extend these findings to other systems, the induction of nitric oxide synthase in rat adherent peritoneal macrophages was studied. Both HTB and triflusal were more potent than aspirin or salicylate as inhibitors of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The calculation of the IC₅₀ values showed ≈ 2 mM for HTB, 4 mM for aspirin and >4 mM for salicylate. Comparison of the potency of these compounds on VCAM-1 mRNA expression showed complete inhibition by both triflusal and HTB at a concentration of 4 mM whereas aspirin and salicylate produced only 36-43% inhibition at the same concentration Inhibition of NF-κB activation was also observed in rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated via their receptors for the Fc portion of the antibody mol. with IgG/ovalbumin immune complexes. This was accompanied by a dose-dependent inhibition of nitrite production by the L-arginine pathway via iNOS. IC₅₀ values for this effect were 1.13±0.12 mM (triflusal), 1.84±0.34 (HTB), 6.08±1.53 mM (aspirin) and 9.16±1.9 mM (salicylate). These data indicate that the incorporation of a 4-trifluoromethyl group to the salicylate mol. strongly enhances its inhibitory effect on NF-κB activation, VCAM-1 mRNA expression and iNOS induction, irresp. of the presence of the acetyl moiety involved in the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase.

British Journal of Pharmacology published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3O3, COA of Formula: C8H5F3O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ikawa, Kurumi published the artcileNew in vitro SPF evaluation method for hydrophilic sunscreen samples, COA of Formula: C11H24O3, the publication is Journal of Oleo Science (2022), 71(2), 321-331, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A new method was developed for the in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) evaluation of sunscreen samples. A new type of substrate, a hydroxyalkyl cellulose-coated plate, was also prepared specifically for hydrophilic samples. This new substrate was required because hydrophilic samples would be unlikely to wet the surface of the standard cosmetic PMMA UV evaluation plate. A super-hydrophilic quartz plate was prepared by corona-discharge treatment before an aqueous solution of hydroxyalkyl cellulose was spread on it. A flat and uniform hydroxyalkyl cellulose film was subsequently formed through the evaporation of water. Special care was taken to inhibit the generation of spatial non-uniformity. Six hydrophilic sunscreen samples with in vivo SPF values of 56, 55, 52, 25, 15, and 4, were then applied to the prepared hydroxyalkyl cellulose-coated plate, as well as a super-hydrophilic quartz plate and a flat hydrophobic PMMA plate. The thicknesses of the applied layers were determined using a wheel-shaped wet film thickness gauge immediately after the application, and UV transmission was measured using an SPF analyzer. The value of in vitro SPF was calculated from the UV absorbance and the thickness of the layer. For two out of the six samples, PMMA plate could not be available, as the samples were unable to wet the PMMA surface. Relatively small differences were observed between the in vitro SPF values when the super-hydrophilic and hydroxyalkyl cellulose-coated plates were used. Samples exhibiting higher in vivo SPF were also associated with higher in vitro SPF values, although a linear relationship was not observed In contrast to the super-hydrophilic plate whose half-life of the super-hydrophilicity is only approx. five days, the hydrophilicity of the hydroxyalkyl cellulose-coated plate scarcely varied during six months of storage. Finally, a simplified evaluation method was also proposed. The validity of the method was verified through a ring test where three researchers employed this method in different laboratories at three independent organizations.

Journal of Oleo Science published new progress about 70445-33-9. 70445-33-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is 3-((2-Ethylhexyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diol, and the molecular formula is C11H24O3, COA of Formula: C11H24O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Beck, R. published the artcileA Novel L₃-Phase from a Ca-Salt of an Anionic Surfactant and a Cosurfactant, COA of Formula: C11H24O3, the publication is Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2002), 106(13), 3335-3338, database is CAplus.

An L₃-phase is observed for the first time in a ternary phase diagram of a Ca-salt of an α-sulfonated alkyl fatty acid Me ester, the cosurfactant (2-ethylhexyl)monoglyceride and water. As for other ternary surfactant/cosurfactant systems, the L₃-phase occurs with increasing cosurfactant/surfactant ratios after the L_α-phase. Some properties of the newly observed L₃-phases are the same as for other known L₃-phases. It is a low viscosity, optically isotropic fluid with a low flow birefringence. The time constants τ of the elec. birefringence results scale with τ ∼ O^-3. Its conductivity is very much higher than that of the neighboring L_α-phase, but there are some marked differences from known L₃-phases. This novel L₃-phase is thermodynamically stable despite ionic structure of the surfactant. We found no two phase region between the L_α and the L₃-phase, and the L₃-phase is stable over a wide cosurfactant/surfactant ratio between one and two. In SANS measurements it shows a broad correlation peak that occurs at about the same position as the sharper peak in the L_α-phase. The structure of the L₃-phase is demonstrated by FF-TEM micrographs.

Journal of Physical Chemistry B published new progress about 70445-33-9. 70445-33-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is 3-((2-Ethylhexyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diol, and the molecular formula is C11H24O3, COA of Formula: C11H24O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In general, the hydroxyl group makes alcohols polar. Those groups can form hydrogen bonds to one another and to most other compounds. 527-07-1, formula is C6H11NaO7, Owing to the presence of the polar OH alcohols are more water-soluble than simple hydrocarbons. Methanol, ethanol, and propanol are miscible in water. Butanol, with a four-carbon chain, is moderately soluble. Electric Literature of 527-07-1

Zheng, Yuxuan;Gao, Yuhua;Li, Haihua;Yan, Meifang;Guo, Ruhui;Liu, Zhenfa research published 《 Corrosion inhibition performance of composite based on chitosan derivative》, the research content is summarized as follows. The shortage of water resources has resulted in municipal wastewater (MWW) becoming the main source of industrial cooling water replenishment. However, MWW causes severe erosion in carbon steel water pipelines, and the most widely used phosphorus-containing corrosion inhibitor currently available, 2-hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic acid (HPAA), only shows effective inhibitory effects at high doses. In this work, a natural polymer, N-carboxylated chitosan (NCC), was developed via a pollution-free method, and the resulting compound was formulated as a water treatment corrosion inhibitor. This compound was composited with NCC, HPAA, gluconic acid sodium (GA), and ZnSO₄, and the resulting compound was abbreviated as NHGZ. This process greatly reduced the use of phosphorus-containing compounds The performances of NCC and NHGZ were then evaluated by electrochem. and weight-loss studies. Electrochem. test results demonstrated that NCC is a cathodic corrosion inhibitor, whereas NHGZ is a mixed corrosion inhibitor. The weight-loss studies showed that the corrosion rate of NHGZ in MWW at 40 °C was only 0.0254 mm/y, which was lower than that of the uninhibited sample of 0.9268 mm/y. This effect was attributed to the ability of the NHGZ to molecularly adsorb onto and form a stable protective inhibitor film on the surface of carbon steel. SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, at. force microscopy, XPS, and theor. adsorption simulations were employed to explain the possible corrosion inhibition mechanism of NHGZ.

Electric Literature of 527-07-1, Sodium Gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid with chelating property. Sodium gluconate chelates and forms stable complexes with various ions, preventing them from engaging in chemical reactions.
Sodium gluconate is an organic sodium salt having D-gluconate as the counterion. It has a role as a chelator. It contains a D-gluconate.
D-Gluconic acid sodium salt is a glycol ether that is used as an injection solution. It has been shown to have antibacterial efficacy against wild-type strains of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antimicrobial action of D-gluconic acid sodium salt was found to be due to its ability to inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with the synthesis of DNA. D-gluconic acid sodium salt also has been shown to have antihypertensive effects in rats through the inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) signaling pathway and erythrocyte proliferation. This drug also has been shown to bind benzalkonium chloride and x-ray diffraction data show that it is crystalline in nature. The analytical method for determining the concentration of D-gluconic acid sodium salt is by electrochemical impedance, 527-07-1.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Quality Control of 527-07-1, In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group (−OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom. 527-07-1, name is Sodium Gluconate, An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest examples, includes all compounds which conform to the general formula CnH2n+1OH.

Zheng, Zhicheng;Wu, Dan;Chen, Gen;Zhang, Ning;Wan, Hao;Liu, Xiaohe;Ma, Renzhi research published 《 Microcrystallization and lattice contraction of NiFe LDHs for enhancing water electrocatalytic oxidation》, the research content is summarized as follows. The lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism is considered as a reasonable mechanism for the electrochem. catalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs). A NiFe LDH with distinct lattice contraction and microcrystn. was synthesized via a simple one-step method using sodium gluconate. The lattice contraction is attributed to the interaction of carbon in sodium gluconate and iron in NiFe LDH. The NiFe LDH with optimized microcrystn. and lattice contraction shows a low overpotential of 217 mV at a c.d. of 10 mA cm-2 and excellent durability of 20 h at a high c.d. of 100 mA cm^-2. The results revealed that a contractive metal-oxygen bond could boost the intrinsic activity of active sites and the microcrystn. promotes an increase in the number of active sites in terms of unit area. The chem. environment of oxygen elemental characterization and resistance at different chronopotentiometry times confirm that the lattice oxygen element is indeed involved in the process of OER, supporting the lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism of NiFe LDH. D. functional theory calculations reveal that contractive metal-oxygen bonds induced a reduction of the adsorption energy barrier of intermediate products, thus improving the intrinsic catalytic activity. The special characteristics of microcrystn. and lattice contraction of NiFe LDH provide a strategy to improve both the number and the intrinsic activity of active sites in a versatile manner.

Quality Control of 527-07-1, Sodium Gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid with chelating property. Sodium gluconate chelates and forms stable complexes with various ions, preventing them from engaging in chemical reactions.
Sodium gluconate is an organic sodium salt having D-gluconate as the counterion. It has a role as a chelator. It contains a D-gluconate.
D-Gluconic acid sodium salt is a glycol ether that is used as an injection solution. It has been shown to have antibacterial efficacy against wild-type strains of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antimicrobial action of D-gluconic acid sodium salt was found to be due to its ability to inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with the synthesis of DNA. D-gluconic acid sodium salt also has been shown to have antihypertensive effects in rats through the inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) signaling pathway and erythrocyte proliferation. This drug also has been shown to bind benzalkonium chloride and x-ray diffraction data show that it is crystalline in nature. The analytical method for determining the concentration of D-gluconic acid sodium salt is by electrochemical impedance, 527-07-1.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts