Tag: M.W=100-150

Zou, Kai published the artcileImpaired glucose partitioning in primary myotubes from severely obese women with type 2 diabetes, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is glucose myotube obese women type two diabetes; TCA cycle; glucose oxidation; glycogen synthesis; glycolysis; human skeletal muscle cell; pyruvate dehydrogenase.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether intramyocellular glucose partitioning was altered in primary human myotubes derived from severely obese women with type 2 diabetes. Human skeletal muscle cells were obtained from lean nondiabetic and severely obese Caucasian females with type 2 diabetes [body mass index (BMI): 23.6 ± 2.6 vs. 48.8 ± 1.9 kg/m2, fasting glucose: 86.9 ± 1.6 vs. 135.6 ± 12.0 mg/dL, n = 9/group]. 1-[14C]-Glucose metabolism (glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and nonoxidized glycolysis) and 1- and 2-[14C]-pyruvate oxidation were examined in fully differentiated myotubes under basal and insulin-stimulated conditions. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were determined via targeted metabolomics. Myotubes derived from severely obese individuals with type 2 diabetes exhibited impaired insulin-mediated glucose partitioning with reduced rates of glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation and increased rates of nonoxidized glycolytic products, when compared with myotubes derived from the nondiabetic individuals (P < 0.05). Both 1- and 2-[14C]-pyruvate oxidation rates were significantly blunted in myotubes from severely obese women with type 2 diabetes compared with myotubes from the nondiabetic controls. Lastly, concentrations of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, namely, citrate (P < 0.05), cis-aconitic acid (P = 0.07), and α-ketoglutarate (P < 0.05), were lower in myotubes from severely obese women with type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that intramyocellular insulin-mediated glucose partitioning is intrinsically altered in the skeletal muscle of severely obese women with type 2 diabetes in a manner that favors the production of glycolytic end products. Defects in pyruvate dehydrogenase and tricarboxylic acid cycle may be responsible for this metabolic derangement associated with type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Physiology published new progress about Body mass index. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Huang, Yaling published the artcileVariation of Volatile Compounds and Corresponding Aroma Profiles in Chinese Steamed Bread by Various Yeast Species Fermented at Different Times, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is volatile aroma Chinese steamed bread yeast; Chinese steamed bread; GC−MS; GC−O; aroma-active compounds; sensory evaluation.

To control the fermentation process of yeast-Chinese steamed bread (CSB), the volatile compounds and odor profiles of yeast-CSBs during fermentation were comprehensively investigated by sensory evaluation, gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O), and odor activity value (OAV). Eight sensory attributes were established, and quant. descriptive anal. results showed that CF1303-CSB had intense sweet and sweet aftertaste attributes, CF1318-CSB was characterized by milky, wheaty, and yeasty attributes, while CL10138-CSB presented distinct sour, winy, and floury attributes. A total of 41 key aroma-active compounds were detected, and phenylethyl alc. was the most potent aroma compound with a flavor dilution (FD) of 1024. CF1303-CSB, CF1318-CSB, and CL10138-CSB contained 24, 22, and 21 key aroma compounds, resp., based on the OAV. These key aroma compounds can be used as the potential markers to monitor the yeast-CSBs during the fermentation process. Five compounds, including β-myrcene, 2-phenoxyethanol, Me cinnamate, guaiacol, and o-cresol, were first identified in CSB. These results provide theor. basis for processing and quality control of yeast-CSBs.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry published new progress about Bread (steamed). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Xiaokang published the artcileIdentifying the Phytotoxicity and Defense Mechanisms Associated with Graphene-Based Nanomaterials by Integrating Multiomics and Regular Analysis, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is phytotoxicity graphene nanomaterial metabolomic proteomic; defense; graphene; metabolomics; nanotoxicity; photosynthesis; proteomics.

The application of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) has attracted global attention in various fields, and understanding defense mechanisms against the phytotoxicity of GBNs is crucial for assessing their environmental risks and safe-by-design. However, the related information is lacking, especially for edible vegetable crops. In the present study, GBNs (0.25, 2.5, and 25 mg/kg plant fresh weight) were injected into the stems of pepper plants. The results showed that the plant defense was regulated by reducing the calcium content by 21.7-48.3%, intercellular CO2 concentration by 12.0-35.2%, transpiration rate by 8.7-40.2%, and stomatal conductance by 16.9-50.5%. The defense pathways of plants in response to stress were further verified by the downregulation of endocytosis and transmembrane transport proteins, leading to a decrease in the nanomaterial uptake. The phytohormone gibberellin and abscisic acid receptor PYL8 were upregulated, indicating the activation of defense systems. However, reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide quantum dots trigger stronger oxidative stress (e.g., H2O2 and malondialdehyde) than graphene oxide in fruits due to the breakdown of antioxidant defense systems (e.g., cytochrome P 450 86A22 and P 450 77A1). Both nontargeted proteomics and metabolomics consistently demonstrated that the downregulation of carbohydrate and upregulation of amino acid metabolism were the main mechanisms underlying the phytotoxicity and defense mechanisms, resp.

Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about Capsicum annuum. 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Xiaojun published the artcileCharacterization of odor-active compounds in high-salt liquid-state soy sauce after cooking, SDS of cas: 505-10-2, the main research area is soy sauce odor cooking food processing; Aroma extract dilution analysis; Cooking; Odor-active compound; Sensory evaluation; Soy sauce.

GC x GC-O-MS was used for the aroma extract dilution anal. of cooked high-salt liquid-state soy sauce (HLS), wherein a number of components exhibited high flavor dilution (FD) factors. Electronic nose anal. showed that the heating temperature had a greater influence on the odor characteristics of soy sauce than the heating time. Sensory evaluation and the FD factor of odor-active compounds suggested that the caramel-like/sweet, roasted/roasted nut-like and spicy/burnt odor intensities of the boiled soy sauce were stronger than following heating at a higher temperature These results indicate that different heating conditions could change the intensities of caramel-like/sweet, roasted/roasted nut-like and spicy/burnt in soy sauce during cooking by the concentrations changing of corresponding odor-active compounds This study can provide basic data for the application of HLS aroma in food processing, and provides a reference for the application of HLS aroma in daily cooking and diet.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Caramel (color). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, SDS of cas: 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yue, David published the artcileApplications of Abraham solvation parameter model: estimation of the lethal median molar concentration of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam towards aquatic organisms from measured solubility data, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is levetiracetam lethal median molar concentration Abraham solvation parameter model.

Abraham model solute descriptors are calculated for the pharmaceutical compound levetiracetam based on exptl. solubility data retrieved from the published literature. The calculated solute descriptors math. describe the solubility behavior of levetiracetam in methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone, acetonitrile, Et acetate, toluene and cyclohexane to within a standard error of 0.102 log units. Once calculated the Abraham model solute descriptors can be used to estimate the solubility of levetiracetam in more than 100 different organic solvents, as well as several important environmental and pharmaceutical properties, such as the lethal median molar concentration of levetiracetam towards various aquatic organisms and blood-to-body organ (or tissue) partition coefficients

Physics and Chemistry of Liquids published new progress about Anticonvulsants. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shad, Mastaneh Safarnejad published the artcileSynthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of a Novel Series of Isoquinoline-Based CXCR4 Antagonists, Application of 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, the main research area is isoquinoline synthesis CXCR antagonist antiHIV activity; CXCR4 antagonist; HIV; isoquinoline.

An expansion of the structure-activity relationship study of CXCR4 antagonists led to the synthesis of a series of isoquinolines, bearing a tetrahydroquinoline or a 3-methylpyridinyl moiety as head group. All compounds were investigated for CXCR4 affinity and antagonism in competition binding and calcium mobilization assays, resp. In addition, the anti-HIV activity of all analogs was determined All compounds showed excellent activity, with compound 24c being the most promising one, since it displayed consistently low nanomolar activity in the various assays.

Molecules published new progress about Anti-HIV agents. 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, Application of 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Barros, Kallyne A. published the artcileDiurnal patterns of growth and transient reserves of sink and source tissues are affected by cold nights in barley, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Hordeum diurnal pattern growth cold night malate carbon; EARLY FLOWERING 3; barley growth; carbon metabolism; circadian clock; cold; diurnal metabolism; fructans; malate; starch; sucrose.

Barley is described to mostly use sucrose for night carbon requirements. To understand how the transient carbon is accumulated and utilized in response to cold, barley plants were grown in a combination of cold days and/or nights. Both daytime and night cold reduced growth. Sucrose was the main carbohydrate supplying growth at night, representing 50-60% of the carbon consumed. Under warm days and nights, starch was the second contributor with 26% and malate the third with 15%. Under cold nights, the contribution of starch was severely reduced, due to an inhibition of its synthesis, including under warm days, and malate was the second contributor to C requirements with 24-28% of the total amount of carbon consumed. We propose that malate plays a critical role as an alternative carbon source to sucrose and starch in barley. Hexoses, malate, and sucrose mobilization and starch accumulation were affected in barley elf3 clock mutants, suggesting a clock regulation of their metabolism, without affecting growth and photosynthesis however. Altogether, our data suggest that the mobilization of sucrose and malate and/or barley growth machinery are sensitive to cold.

Plant, Cell & Environment published new progress about Apical meristem. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gerber, Lucie published the artcileImproved mitochondrial function in salmon (Salmo salar) following high temperature acclimation suggests that there are cracks in the proverbial ‘ceiling’, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is reactive oxygen species oxidative stress energy metabolism Salmo.

Mitochondrial function can provide key insights into how fish will respond to climate change, due to its important role in heart performance, energy metabolism and oxidative stress. However, whether warm acclimation can maintain or improve the energetic status of the fish heart when exposed to short-term heat stress is not well understood. We acclimated Atlantic salmon, a highly aerobic eurythermal species, to 12 and 20°C, then measured cardiac mitochondrial functionality and integrity at 20°C and at 24, 26 and 28°C (this species’ critical thermal maximum ± 2°C). Acclimation to 20°C vs. 12°C enhanced many aspects of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and efficiency up to 24°C, and preserved outer mitochondrial membrane integrity up to 26°C. Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was dramatically decreased at all temperatures These data suggest that salmon acclimated to ‘normal’ maximum summer temperatures are capable of surviving all but the most extreme ocean heat waves, and that there is no ‘tradeoff’ in heart mitochondrial function when Atlantic salmon are acclimated to high temperatures (i.e., increased oxidative phosphorylation does not result in heightened ROS production). This study suggests that fish species may show quite different acclimatory responses when exposed to prolonged high temperatures, and thus, susceptibility to climate warming.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Atlantic salmon. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zorrilla, Francisco published the artcileThe metaGEM: reconstruction of genome scale metabolic models directly from metagenomes, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is metaGEM genome scale metabolic model metagenome.

Metagenomic analyses of microbial communities have revealed a large degree of interspecies and intraspecies genetic diversity through the reconstruction of metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). Yet, metabolic modeling efforts mainly rely on reference genomes as the starting point for reconstruction and simulation of genome scale metabolic models (GEMs), neglecting the immense intra- and interspecies diversity present in microbial communities. Here, we present metaGEM (https://github.com/ franciscozorrilla/metaGEM), an end-to-end pipeline enabling metabolic modeling of multi-species communities directly from metagenomes. The pipeline automates all steps from the extraction of contextspecific prokaryotic GEMs from MAGs to community level flux balance anal. (FBA) simulations. To demonstrate the capabilities of metaGEM, we analyzed 483 samples spanning lab culture, human gut, plant-associated, soil, and ocean metagenomes, reconstructing over 14,000 GEMs. We show that GEMs reconstructed from metagenomes have fully representedmetabolism comparable to isolated genomes. We demonstrate that metagenomic GEMs capture intraspecies metabolic diversity and identify potential differences in the progression of type 2 diabetes at the level of gut bacterial metabolic exchanges. Overall, metaGEM enables FBA-readymetabolic model reconstruction directly from metagenomes, provides a resource of metabolic models, and showcases community-level modeling of microbiomes associated with disease conditions allowing generation of mechanistic hypotheses.

Nucleic Acids Research published new progress about Bifidobacterium. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Ruilei published the artcileExcess molar enthalpies for binary mixtures of different amines with water, Computed Properties of 2212-32-0, the main research area is amine molar enthalpy binary mixture water.

The isothermal excess molar enthalpies for binary mixtures of different amines with water were measured with a C-80 Setaram calorimeter. The exptl. results indicate that the excess molar enthalpy is related to the mol. structure. The exptl. excess molar enthalpies were satisfactorily fitted with the Redlich-Kister equation. They were also used to test the suitability of the NRTL model, and the deviations are a little larger than the R-K equation.

Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics published new progress about Binary mixtures. 2212-32-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is N2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N1,N1,N2-trimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, and the molecular formula is C7H18N2O, Computed Properties of 2212-32-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts