Tag: M.W=100-150

Huynh, Kenny W. published the artcileLactate inhibits naked mole-rat cardiac mitochondrial respiration, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is lactate mitochondrial respiration heart; Electron transport system; Hypoxia; Lactate dehydrogenase; Oxidative phosphorylation.

In aerobic conditions, the proton-motive force drives oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the conversion of ADP to ATP. In hypoxic environments, OXPHOS is impaired, resulting in energy shortfalls and the accumulation of protons and lactate. This results in cellular acidification, which may impact the activity and/or integrity of mitochondrial enzymes and in turn neg. impact mitochondrial respiration and thus aerobic ATP production Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and putatively experience intermittent hypoxia in their underground burrows. However, if and how NMR cardiac mitochondria are impacted by lactate accumulation in hypoxia is unknown. Author predicted that lactate alters mitochondrial respiration in NMR cardiac muscle. To test this, author used high-resolution respirometry to measure mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers from NMRs exposed to 4 h of in vivo normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (7% O2). Author found that: (1) cardiac mitochondria cannot directly oxidize lactate, but surprisingly, (2) lactate inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and (3) decreases complex IV maximum respiratory capacity. Finally, (4) in vivo hypoxic exposure decreases the magnitude of lactate-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, author results suggest that lactate may retard electron transport system function in NMR cardiac mitochondria, particularly in normoxia, and that NMR hearts may be primed for anaerobic metabolism

Journal of Comparative Physiology, B: Biochemical, Systems, and Environmental Physiology published new progress about Acidification. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

de Carvalho, Ana Claudia Medeiros published the artcileInfluence of synthesis parameters on properties and characteristics of poly (urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules for self-healing applications, Safety of n-Octanol, the main research area is polyurea formaldehyde microcapsule size self healing agitation rate; polymerisation; Microcapsules; factorial design; poly(urea-formaldehyde); self-healing.

Poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules filled with dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) were prepared by in situ polymerization and the effect of synthesis parameters, such as pH of the solution and agitation rate, on microcapsules size and shell thickness was evaluated. SEM (SEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed. Adjusted pH conditions (pH = 3.5) and agitation rate (1350 RPM) were found using a design of experiments (DOE). SEM results indicated that microcapsule size was directly affected by agitation rate, whereas shell thickness was mostly affected by pH. After obtaining adjusted synthesis conditions, microcapsules presenting mean size of 60μm and mean shell thickness of 4μm were embedded in an epoxy matrix for evaluating the self-healing effect. FTIR and SEM analyses in damaged samples suggested that a healing agent was delivered to the crack location.

Journal of Microencapsulation published new progress about Agglomeration. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Safety of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

De Flaviis, Riccardo published the artcileWheat classification according to its origin by an implemented volatile organic compounds analysis, Name: n-Octanol, the main research area is ethanol hexanal acetic acid classification wheat quality; GC–MS; Pedoclimatic conditions; SPME; Volatile organic compounds; Wheat species.

Food volatile organic compounds (VOCs) anal. is a useful tool in authentication and classification processes, but, to date, the anal. of wheat VOCs is still little explored. In this study a method of anal. based on solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry was optimized by testing different types of fibers, sample preparation methods and amounts, extraction temperatures and times, desorption times and oven programs. The anal. was applied to six wheat cultivars harvested in different areas, and permitted to identify 158 VOCs, of which 98 never found before. A principal component anal. performed on the dataset showed that the area of cultivation accounted for the highest source of variability. Partial least squares anal. permitted to correctly classify wheats based on their cultivation area and species, and to identify the most discriminant VOCs. These results are promising for the study of the influence of geog. origin on wheat quality.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Classification. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Name: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Kun published the artcileSynthesis, structure, and the second-order nonlinear optical properties of a borate-carboxylic acid compound: KB(L-(-)-C4H4O5]2m·H2O, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is potassium bismalic acid borate second order nonlinear optical property.

A new organic-inorganic hybrid noncentrosym. potassium bis(malic acid)-borates KB(L-(-)-C4H4O5)2·H2O was synthesized by solution method. It was characterized by elemental anal., FT-IR, TGA and single-crystal X-ray crystallog. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 5.546(6), b = 11.985(13), c = 9.952(11) β, β = 97.522(17)°, V = 655.8(13) Δ3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.682 g/cm3, μ(MoKa) = 0.46 mm-1 and F(000) = 340. 5009 reflections were measured and 2893 independent reflections(Rint = 0.051) were used for further refinement. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the complex exhibits a threedimensional pseudo tunnel structure consisting of fundamental building block [B(L-(-)-C4H4O5)2]- anions. The small cavities are occupied by the H2O mols., which stabilize the whole structure by O-H···×O hydrogen bonds. The complex exhibits nonlinear optical effect as high as 1.5 times that of KDP standard

Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry published new progress about Crystal growth. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Deshmukh, Sandip published the artcileEffects of using alcohols on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine, Application In Synthesis of 111-87-5, the main research area is alc diesel engine greenhouse gas emission.

Addition of renewable alcs. to diesel is being investigated extensively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to examine the suitability of such renewable alcs. In this study, emissions and performance characteristics of alc./diesel blends were evaluated for a four stroke single cylinder diesel engine test rig. n-octanol and nbutanol were the alcs. considered. Experiments were conducted at different loads up to 4 kW and for alc. contents from 10% to 40% by volume The results indicated that the alc./diesel blends exhibited similar performance characteristics to that possessed by diesel. A slight drop in brake power was observed in all the blends compared to pure diesel. The brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption increased in all alc. blends at almost all the loads considered in the study. The emission anal. was also conducted using the AVL DI Test. The results revealed that CO and NO emissions decreased compared to pure diesel. However, HC emissions increased for n-butanol blends but they decreased in case of n-octanol blends. Results are a clear indication that these blends have an excellent potential and detailed investigations in real life conditions can lead to com. usage.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series published new progress about Diesel engines. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Application In Synthesis of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chen, Deliang published the artcileThermodynamics-based model construction for the accurate prediction of molecular properties from partition coefficients, Safety of n-Octanol, the main research area is computational chem linear free energy relationship mol properties; noncovalent interaction partition coefficient quant structure properties; computational chemistry; linear free energy relationships; molecular properties; noncovalent interactions; partition coefficient; quantitative structure-property relationships.

Developing models for predicting mol. properties of organic compounds is imperative for drug development and environmental safety; however, development of such models that have high predictive power and are independent of the compounds used is challenging. To overcome the challenges, we used a thermodn.-based theor. derivation to construct models for accurately predicting mol. properties. The free energy change that determines a property equals the sum of the free energy changes (ΔGFs) caused by the factors affecting the property. By developing or selecting mol. descriptors that are directly proportional to ΔGFs, we built a general linear free energy relationship (LFER) for predicting the property with the mol. descriptors as predictive variables. The LFER can be used to construct models for predicting various specific properties from partition coefficients Validations show that the models constructed according to the LFER have high predictive power and their performance is independent of the compounds used, including the models for the properties having little correlation with partition coefficients The findings in this study are highly useful for applications in drug development and environmental safety.

Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) published new progress about Drug discovery. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Safety of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lim, Juhyeon published the artcilePhosphoenolpyruvate depletion mediates both growth arrest and drug tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in hypoxia, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Mycobacterium hypoxia phosphoenolpyruvate growth inhibition drug tolerance; drug tolerance; metabolic remodeling; phosphoenolpyruvate; synthetic lethality; tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is difficult to treat because Mtb spends the majority of its life cycle in a nonreplicating (NR) state. Since NR Mtb is highly tolerant to antibiotic effects and can mutate to become drug resistant (DR), our conventional tuberculosis (TB) treatment is not effective. Thus, a novel strategy to kill NR Mtb is required. Accumulating evidence has shown that repetitive exposure to sublethal doses of antibiotics enhances the level of drug tolerance, implying that NR Mtb is formed by adaptive metabolic remodeling. As such, metabolic modulation strategies to block the metabolic remodeling needed to form NR Mtb have emerged as new therapeutic options. Here, we modeled in vitro NR Mtb using hypoxia, applied isotope metabolomics, and revealed that phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is nearly completely depleted in NR Mtb. This near loss of PEP reduces PEP-carbon flux toward multiple pathways essential for replication and drug sensitivity. Inversely, supplementing with PEP restored the carbon flux and the activities of the foregoing pathways, resulting in growth and heightened drug susceptibility of NR Mtb, which ultimately prevented the development of DR. Taken together, PEP depletion in NR Mtb is associated with the acquisition of drug tolerance and subsequent emergence of DR, demonstrating that PEP treatment is a possible metabolic modulation strategy to resensitize NR Mtb to conventional TB treatment and prevent the emergence of DR.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America published new progress about Drug tolerance. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dani, Vivek D. published the artcileComparison of metabolomic responses of earthworms to sub-lethal imidacloprid exposure in contact and soil tests, SDS of cas: 97-67-6, the main research area is Eisenia metabolomic response imidacloprid contact soil test; Contact exposure; Eisenia fetida; Energy disruption; Gluconeogenesis; Neonicotinoids; Soil exposure.

Eisenia fetida earthworms were exposed to sub-lethal levels of imidacloprid for 48 h via contact filter paper tests and soil tests. After the exposure, 1H NMR (NMR) metabolomics was used to measure earthworm sub-lethal responses by analyzing the changes in the polar metabolite profile. Maltose, glucose, malate, lactate/threonine, myo-inositol, glutamate, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, leucine, and phenylalanine relative concentrations were altered with imidacloprid exposure in soil. In addition to these metabolites (excluding leucine and phenylalanine), fumarate, ATP, inosine, betaine, scyllo-inositol, glutamine, valine, tryptophan, alanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine relative concentrations shifted with imidacloprid exposure during contact tests. Overall, imidacloprid exposure in soil induces a less pronounced response in metabolites glucose, maltose, fumarate, adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP), inosine, scyllo-inositol, lactate/threonine, and tyrosine in comparison to the response observed via contact tests. Thus, our study highlights that tests in soil can result in a different metabolic response in E. fetida and demonstrates the importance of different modes of exposure and the extent of metabolic perturbation in earthworms. Our study also emphasizes the underlying metabolic disruption of earthworms after acute sub-lethal exposure to imidacloprid.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research published new progress about Eisenia fetida. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, SDS of cas: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Horne, Gregory P. published the artcileDoes addition of 1-octanol as a phase modifier provide radical scavenging radioprotection for N,N,N’,N’-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA)?, Application of n-Octanol, the main research area is octanol phase modifier radical scavenging radioprotection TODGA fuel reprocessing.

To mitigate third phase formation in next generation used nuclear fuel reprocessing technologies, the addition of 1-octanol has been trialed. However, contradictory reports on the radiolytic effect of 1-octanol incorporation on separation ligand degradation need to be resolved. Here, 50 mM N,N,N’,N’-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) dissolved in n-dodecane was gamma irradiated in the presence and absence of 1-octanol (2.5-10 vol%) and a 3.0 M HNO3 aqueous phase. Radiation-induced TODGA degradation exhibited pseudo-first-order decay kinetics as a function of absorbed gamma dose for all investigated solution and solvent system formulations. The addition of 1-octanol afforded diametrically different effects on the rate of TODGA degradation depending on solvent system formulation. For organic-only irradiations, 1-octanol promoted TODGA degradation (d = 0.0057 kGy-1 for zero 1-octanol present vs. ∼0.0073 kGy-1 for 7.5-10 vol%) attributed to a favorable hydrogen atom abstraction reaction free energy (-0.31 eV) and the ability of 1-octanol to access a higher yield of n-dodecane radical cation (RH+̇) at sub-nanosecond timescales. This was rationalized by determination of the rate coefficient (k) for the reaction of 1-octanol with RH+̇, k = (1.23 ± 0.07) x 1010 M-1 s-1. In contrast, irradiation in the presence of 1-octanol and a 3.0 M HNO3 aqueous phase afforded significant radioprotection (d = 0.0054 kGy-1 for zero 1-octanol present vs. ≤ 0.0044 kGy-1 for >2.5 vol%) that increases with 1-octanol concentration, relative to the single phase, organic-only solutions This effect was attributed to the extraction of sufficiently high concentrations of HNO3 and H2O into the organic phase by TODGA and 1-octanol as adducts which interfere with the hydrogen atom abstraction process between the 1-octanol radical and TODGA. The findings suggest that the addition of 1-octanol as a phase modifier will enhance the radiation robustness of TODGA-based separation technologies under envisioned solvent system conditions in the presence of aqueous HNO3.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about Electron beams. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Application of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Toth, Andreas published the artcileReactive Distillation for Solvent Regeneration after Biphasic Carboxylic Acid Esterification, Name: n-Octanol, the main research area is carboxylic acid esterification solvent regeneration reactive distillation.

Emulsion-enhanced biphasic esterification has proven to be applicable for carboxylic acid recovery from dilute aqueous process streams. The carboxylic acid is esterified with 1-octanol in an emulsified regime with 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (4-DBSA) or Ni(DBSA)2 as catalyst. After phase separation, the laden solvent phase must be regenerated. This study presents a regeneration concept based on reactive distillation with transesterification of the octyl ester-laden solvent with methanol. The regenerated solvent is reused in the extraction step.

Chemie Ingenieur Technik published new progress about Esterification. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Name: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts