Tag: M.W=100-150

De Marco, Federica published the artcileInvolvement of SUT1 and SUT2 sugar transporters in the impairment of sugar transport and changes in phloem exudate contents in phytoplasma-infected plants, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is Candidatus SUT1 SUT2 phytoplasma infected plant; carbon allocation; defense; glycolate; glyoxylate; metabolome; peroxisome; phloem; photorespiration; phytoplasma; plant-pathogen interaction; source-sink relationships; sugar metabolism.

Phytoplasmas inhabit phloem sieve elements and cause abnormal growth and altered sugar partitioning. However, how they interact with phloem functions is not clearly known. The phloem responses were investigated in tomatoes infected by “”Candidatus Phytoplasma solani”” at the beginning of the symptomatic stage, the first symptoms appearing in the newly emerged leaf at the stem apex. Antisense lines impaired in the phloem sucrose transporters SUT1 and SUT2 were included. In symptomatic sink leaves, leaf curling was associated with higher starch accumulation and the expression of defense genes. The anal. of leaf midribs of symptomatic leaves indicated that transcript levels for genes acting in the glycolysis and peroxisome metabolism differed from these in noninfected plants. The phytoplasma also multiplied in the three lower source leaves, even if it was not associated with the symptoms. In these leaves, the rate of phloem sucrose exudation was lower for infected plants. Metabolite profiling of phloem sap-enriched exudates revealed that glycolate and aspartate levels were affected by the infection. Their levels were also affected in the noninfected SUT1- and SUT2-antisense lines. The findings suggest the role of sugar transporters in the responses to infection and describe the consequences of impaired sugar transport on the primary metabolism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Cell membrane. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gibbs, Jonathan L. published the artcileDiesel exhaust particle exposure compromises alveolar macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is diesel exhaust particle exposure alveolar macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics; ceramides; diesel exhaust; inflammation; mitochondria.

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are known pathogenic pollutants that constitute a significant quantity of air pollution. Given the ubiquitous presence of macrophages throughout the body, including the lungs, as well as their critical role in tissue and organismal metabolic function, we sought to determine the effect of DEP exposure on macrophage mitochondrial function. Following daily DEP exposure in mice, pulmonary macrophages were isolated for mitochondrial analyses, revealing reduced respiration rates and dramatically elevated H2O2 levels. Serum ceramides and inflammatory cytokines were increased. To determine the degree to which the changes in mitochondrial function in macrophages were not dependent on any cross-cell communication, primary pulmonary murine macrophages were used to replicate the DEP exposure in a cell culture model. We observed similar changes as seen in pulmonary macrophages, namely diminished mitochondrial respiration, but increased H2O2 production Interestingly, when treated with myriocin to inhibit ceramide biosynthesis, these DEP-induced mitochondrial changes were mitigated. Altogether, these data suggest that DEP exposure may compromise macrophage mitochondrial and whole-body function via pathol. alterations in macrophage ceramide metabolism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Air pollution. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bi, Chenyang published the artcileDirect transfer of phthalate and alternative plasticizers from indoor source products to dust: Laboratory measurements and predictive modeling, Computed Properties of 111-87-5, the main research area is direct transfer phthalate alternative plasticizer indoor source product dust.

Phthalate and alternative plasticizers are semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and among the most abundant indoor pollutants. Although ingestion of dust is one of the major exposure pathways to them, migration knowledge from source products to indoor dust is still limited. Systematic chamber measurements were conducted to investigate the direct transfer of these SVOCs between source products and dust in contact with the source. Substantial direct source-to-dust transfer of SVOCs was observed for all tests. The concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in dust was 12 times higher than the pre-exptl. level after only two days of source-dust contact. A mechanistic model was developed to predict the direct transfer process, and a reasonable agreement between model predictions and measurements was achieved. The octanol/air partition coefficient (Koa) of SVOCs, the emission parameter of the source product (y0), and the characteristics of the dust layer (i.e., porosity and thickness) control the transfer, affecting the SVOC concentration in dust, the kinetics of direct transfer, or both. Dust mass loading has a significant influence on the transfer, while relative humidity only has a limited effect. The findings suggest that minimizing the use of SVOC-containing products and house vacuuming are effective intervention strategies to reduce young children’s exposure to SVOCs.

Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about Airborne dust. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Computed Properties of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Turan, Emre published the artcileBlack garlic as a substitute for fresh garlic to reduce off-flavor and enhance consumer acceptance and bioactive properties in cemen paste, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is black garlic flavor bioactive property cemen paste.

The effects of black garlic aged at different periods as a substitute for fresh garlic (FG) on the overall quality of pastirma cemen paste were evaluated during 90 days of storage. The addition of black garlic increased the phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the cemen pastes, and decreased the firmness, stickiness, pH and color values compared to CON (Control). Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts of cemen pastes containing black garlic aged for ≥21 days were similar to those of CON, but the counts of yeast and molds of black garlic added-groups were higher than CON during storage. Incorporation of black garlic to cemen paste increased the content of volatile compounds such as esters and terpenes with fruity and sweet notes, while the concentration of sulfur compounds decreased. In this way, the off-flavor of cemen paste was eliminated and its sensory acceptability improved. Considering the overall data, the best results were obtained in the CP3 group produced with black garlic aged for 21 days. Consequently, black garlic can be used as a substitute for FG to improve the consumer acceptance and bioactive properties of cemen paste. Novelty impact statement : Some consumers avoid pastirma consumption because of the unpleasant off-flavor from cemen paste. Overcoming this problem is very important for both the producer and the consumer. The results of this study showed that black garlic improved the sensory acceptability and bioactive properties of cemen paste by eliminating the unpleasant smell of fresh garlic and increasing the antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the use of cemen paste with black garlic in pastirma production has promising potential to enhance consumer acceptance and retard oxidative reactions.

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation published new progress about Allium nigrum. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dominiak, Karolina published the artcileThe relationship between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial energetics in rat tissues with different contents of reduced coenzyme Q, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is coenzyme Q mitochondrial reactive oxygen species energetic tissue; coenzyme Q; mitochondrial energetics; mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.

We investigated the relationship between mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial energetics in various rat tissues with different contents of the reduced coenzyme Q (Q) pool (Q9 + Q10). Our results indicate that similar to the tissue level, mitochondrial H2O2 release under nonphosphorylating conditions was strongly dependent on the amount of the reduced Q pool. Namely, in brain and lung mitochondria, less H2O2 release corresponded to a less reduced Q pool, while in liver and heart mitochondria, higher H2O2 release corresponded to a more reduced Q pool. We can conclude that the differences observed in rat tissues in the size of the reduced Q pool reflect different levels of ROS production and hence may reflect different demands for reduced Q as an antioxidant. Moreover, differences in mitochondrial H2O2 release were observed in different types of rat mitochondria during the oxidation of succinate (complex II substrate), malate plus glutamate (complex I substrate), and their mixture under phosphorylating and nonphosphorylating conditions. Our results indicate the existence of a tissue-specific maximum respiratory chain capacity in ROS production, possibly related to the membrane potential-mediated control of oxidative phosphorylation. We propose the use of a new parameter for the study of isolated mitochondria, RCRROS, the ratio between the formation of mitochondrial ROS under nonphosphorylating and phosphorylating conditions, which represents the maximum factorial increase in mitochondrial ROS formation that can be achieved after all ADP is phosphorylated.

Antioxidants published new progress about Animal tissue. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bisbach, Celia M. published the artcileMonocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) mediates succinate export in the retina, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is succinate monocarboxylate transporter retina.

Succinate is exported by the retina and imported by eyecup tissue. The transporters mediating this process have not yet been identified. Recent studies showed that monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) can transport succinate across plasma membranes in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) both express multiple MCT isoforms including MCT1. We tested the hypothesis that MCTs facilitate retinal succinate export and RPE succinate import. We assessed retinal succinate export and eyecup succinate import in short-term ex vivo culture using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. We tested the dependence of succinate export and import on pH, proton ionophores, conventional MCT substrates, and the MCT inhibitors AZD3965, AR-C155858, and diclofenac. Succinate exits retinal tissue through MCT1 but does not enter the RPE through MCT1 or any other MCT. Intracellular succinate levels are a contributing factor that determines if an MCT1-expressing tissue will export succinate. MCT1 facilitates export of succinate from retinas. An unidentified, non-MCT transporter facilitates import of succinate into RPE.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science published new progress about Animal tissue. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Clemente, Camila M. published the artcileEugenol carbonate activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania braziliensis, and Trypanosoma cruzi, Quality Control of 111-87-5, the main research area is allyl methoxyphenyl alkylcarbonate preparation antiparasitic activity; antiplasmodial activity; leishmanicidal activity; molecular docking; trypanocidal activity.

Neglected tropical diseases are a major health problem throughout the world, and there are few effective and safe drugs. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of carbonates of eugenol using different aliphatic alcs. and N,N-carbonyldiimidazole. Spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR (NMR), 13C NMR, Fourier transform IR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, were used to confirm the structures of the synthesized compounds In vitro and in silico studies of prodrugs of eugenol were performed to determine their antiplasmodial, trypanocidal, and leishmanicidal activities, and also their cytotoxicity. Compounds were highly active against Leishmania braziliensis and Plasmodium falciparum, whereas the activity shown for Trypanosoma cruzi was moderate. Mol. docking was used to determine a possible mode of action of eugenol against the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase of the three parasites (TcDHODH, LbDHODH, and PfDHODH). Notably, the docking results showed that eugenol not only has binding energy similar to that of the natural substrate (-7.2 and -7.1, resp.) but also has interactions with relevant biol. residues of PfDHODH. This result indicates that eugenol could act as a substrate for PfDHODH in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway of P. falciparum. In conclusion, the combination of certain aliphatic alcs. and eugenol through a carbonate bond could significantly increase the antiparasitic activity of this class of compounds, which merits further studies.

Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) published new progress about Antimalarials. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Quality Control of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pochec, Michal published the artcileIntermolecular Interactions and Spectroscopic Signatures of the Hydrogen-Bonded System-n-Octanol in Experimental and Theoretical Studies, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is octanol hydrogen bond solvent effect IR spectra; AIM; CPMD; DFT; FTIR; PCM; PIMD; SAPT; classical MD; gas phase; hydrogen bond; isotope effect; liquid phase; n-octanol; snapshot-envelope.

N-Octanol is the object of exptl. and theor. study of spectroscopic signatures and intermol. interactions. The FTIR measurements were carried out at 293 K for n-octanol and its deuterated form. Special attention was paid to the vibrational features associated with the O-H stretching and the isotope effect. D. Functional Theory (DFT) in its classical formulations was applied to develop static models describing intermol. hydrogen bond (HB) and isotope effect in the gas phase and using solvent reaction field reproduced by Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). The Atoms in Mols. (AIM) theory enabled electronic structure and mol. topol. study. The Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) was used for energy decomposition in the dimers of n-octanol. Finally, time-evolution methods, namely classical mol. dynamics (MD) and Car-Parrinello Mol. Dynamics (CPMD) were employed to shed light onto dynamical nature of liquid n-octanol with emphasis put on metric and vibrational features. As a reference, CPMD gas phase results were applied. Nuclear quantum effects were included using Path Integral Mol. Dynamics (PIMD) and a posteriori method by solving vibrational Schrodinger equation. The latter applied procedure allowed to study the deuterium isotope effect.

Molecules published new progress about Atomic charge. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Crescenzo, Raffaella published the artcileEffect of Initial Aging and High-Fat/High-Fructose Diet on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Oxidative Status in Rat Brain, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is hippocampus frontal cortex aging mitochondrial bioenergetics oxidative stress; Cortex; Fructose; Hippocampus; Middle age; Mitochondria; Western diet.

Middle age is an early stage of the aging process, during which the consumption of diets rich in saturated fats and/or simple sugars might influence brain function, but only few data are available on this issue. We therefore investigated the impact of a diet rich in saturated fat and fructose (HFF) on mitochondrial physiol. in hippocampus and frontal cortex of middle-aged rats (1 yr old), by including a group of adult rats (90 days) as a “”neg. control””, lacking the putative effect of aging. Middle-aged rats were fed HFF or control diet for 4 wk. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by high-resolution respirometry and by assessing the amount of respiratory complexes. Markers of oxidative balance, as well as the protein content of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1a), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa), were also assessed. A decrease in the activity of complex I was detected in both brain areas of middle-aged rats. In hippocampus, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and complex IV content decreased with age and increased with HFF diet. Higher protein oxidative damage, decreased antioxidant defenses, and increased UCP2 and PGC-1a content were found in hippocampus of middle-aged rats. HFF feeding induced a significant reduction in the amount of UCP2, PGC-1a, and PPARa, together with higher protein oxidative damage, in both brain areas. Overall, our results point to middle age as a condition of early brain aging for mitochondrial function, with hippocampus being an area more susceptible to metabolic impairment than frontal cortex.

Molecular Neurobiology published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Geidenstam, Nina published the artcileUsing metabolite profiling to construct and validate a metabolite risk score for predicting future weight gain, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is obesity body weight gain metabolite profiling risk score.

Using baseline metabolite profiling data of middle-aged individuals from the Framingham Heart Study, we identified 42 metabolites associated with longitudinal change in body mass index (BMI). We performed stepwise linear regression to select 8 of these metabolites to build a metabolite risk score (MRS) for predicting future weight gain. We replicated the MRS using data from the Mexico City Diabetes Study (MCDS; n = 768), in which one standard deviation increase in the MRS corresponded to 0.03 increase in BMI (kg/m2) per yr (i.e. 0.09 kg/yr for a 1.7 m adult). We observed that none of the available anthropometric, lifestyle, and glycemic variables fully account for the MRS prediction of weight gain. Surprisingly, we found the MRS to be strongly correlated with baseline insulin sensitivity in both cohorts and to be neg. predictive of T2D in MCDS. Genome-wide association study of the MRS identified 2 genome-wide (p < 5 × 10-8) and 5 suggestively (p < 1 × 10-6) significant loci, several of which have been previously linked to obesity-related phenotypes. We have constructed and validated a generalizable MRS for future weight gain that is an independent predictor distinct from several other known risk factors. The MRS captures a composite biol. picture of weight gain, perhaps hinting at the anabolic effects of preserved insulin sensitivity. Future investigation is required to assess the relationships between MRS-predicted weight gain and other obesity-related diseases. PLoS One published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts