Tag: 600-700

Effect of Bubble Concentration on the in Vitro and in Vivo Performance of Highly Stable Lipid Shell-Stabilized Micro- and Nanoscale Ultrasound Contrast Agents was written by Abenojar, Eric C.;Nittayacharn, Pinunta;de Leon, Al Christopher;Perera, Reshani;Wang, Yu;Bederman, Ilya;Exner, Agata A.. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2019.Application of 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ultrasound (US) is a widely used diagnostic imaging tool because it is inexpensive, safe, portable, and broadly accessible. Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are employed to enhance backscatter echo and improve imaging contrast. The most frequently utilized UCAs are echogenic bubbles made with a phospholipid or protein-stabilized hydrophobic gas core. While clin. utilized, applications of UCAs are often limited by rapid signal decay (<5 min) in vivo under typical ultrasound imaging protocols. Here, we report on a formulation of lipid shell-stabilized perfluoropropane (C₃F₈) microbubbles and nanobubbles with a significantly prolonged in vivo stability. Microbubbles (875 ± 280 nm) of the target size were prepared by utilizing a multiple-step centrifugation cycle, while nanobubbles (299 ± 189 nm) were isolated from the activated vial using a single centrifugation step. To provide in-depth acoustic characterization of the new construct we evaluated the effect of size and concentration on their in vitro and in vivo performance. In vitro and in vivo characterization were carried out for a range of bubble concentrations normalized by total gas volume quantified via headspace gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In vitro characterization revealed that nanobubbles at different concentrations are more consistently stable over time with the highest and lowest dilutions (50-fold decrease) only differing in US signal after 8 min exposure by 10.34%, while for microbubbles the difference was 86.46%. As expected, due to the difference in hydrodynamic diameter and scattering cross section difference, nanobubbles showed lower overall initial signal intensity. In vivo experiments showed that both microbubbles and nanobubbles with similar initial peak signal intensity are comparably stable over time with 66.8% and 60.6% remaining signal after 30 min, resp. This study demonstrates that bubble concentration has significant effects on the persistence of both microbubbles and nanobubbles in vitro and in vivo, but the effects are more pronounced in larger bubbles. These effects should be taken into account when selecting the appropriate bubble parameters for future imaging applications. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Application of 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Significantly enhanced recovery of acute liver failure by liver targeted delivery of stem cells via heparin functionalization was written by Hwang, Youngmin;Kim, Jong Chul;Tae, Giyoong. And the article was included in Biomaterials in 2019.Product Details of 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Acute liver failure (ALF) occurs by insufficient detoxification of toxic materials in the liver, generating excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can be a promising approach for the treatment of liver diseases including ALF by anti-inflammatory activity and secretion of cytokines associated with tissue regeneration. However, the efficacy of MSC therapy is generally poor, mainly due to a low survival and engraftment of administered cells. In this study, we demonstrated that the enhanced delivery of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to the damaged liver by the coating of lipid-conjugated heparin could result in significantly improved recovery from ALF in a mouse model. First, the therapeutic effect of secretomes of hADSCs on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatic cell damage was confirmed regardless of the coating of lipid-conjugated heparin on hADSCs in vitro. Then, the therapeutic effects of lipid-conjugated heparin coated hADSCs (Lip-Hep/hADSC group) were analyzed compared to hADSCs themselves (hADSC group) using an APAP-induced ALF model in vivo. I.v. administration of hADSCs could lower the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), but Lip-Hep/hADSC group showed faster decrease in serum levels of AST and ALT to the normal values compared to hADSC group. Enhanced delivery and longer retention of hADSCs in the damage liver by the coating of lipid-conjugated heparin were confirmed by optical imaging of isolated organs using labeled cells and immunofluorescence staining of liver tissue sections against human nuclei. A significantly increased level of human hepatic growth factor (hHGF), a representative secretome from hADSC, significantly reduced levels of macrophage and CYP2E1, implying alleviated inflammatory response, were detected by immunofluorescence staining from Lip-Hep/hADSC group compared to hADSC group. These results well coincided with the improved recovery of the damaged liver from Lip-Hep/hADSC group than hADSC group in histol. anal. Thus, the coating of lipid-conjugated heparin on hADSCs has a great potential to improve the therapeutic effect of cells on the liver injury. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Product Details of 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Product Details of 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Electrical properties of membrane phospholipids in langmuir monolayers was written by Chachaj-Brekiesz, Anna;Kobierski, Jan;Wnetrzak, Anita;Dynarowicz-Latka, Patrycja. And the article was included in Membranes (Basel, Switzerland) in 2021.Computed Properties of C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Exptl. surface pressure (π) and elec. surface potential (ΔV) isotherms were measured for membrane lipids, including the following phosphatidylcholines (PCs)-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC); 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC); 1,2-diarachidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DAPC); and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). In addition, other phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamines (represented by 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE)) and sphingolipids (represented by N-(hexadecanoyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine (SM)) were also studied. The exptl. apparent dipole moments (μexpA) of the abovementioned lipids were determined using the Helmholtz equation. The particular contributions to the apparent dipole moments of the investigated mols. connected with their polar (μp⊥) and apolar parts (μa⊥) were theor. calculated for geometrically optimized systems. Using a three-layer capacitor model, introducing the group’s apparent dipole moments (calculated herein) and adopting values from other papers to account for the reorientation of water mols. (μw⊥/εw), as well as the for the local dielec. permittivity in the vicinity of the polar (εp) and apolar (εa) groups, the apparent dipole moments of the investigated mols. were calculated (μcalcA). Since the comparison of the two values (exptl. and calculated) resulted in large discrepancies, we developed a new methodol. that correlates the results from d. functional theory (DFT) mol. modeling with exptl. determined values using multiple linear regression. From the fitted model, the following contributions to the apparent dipole moments were determined: μw⊥/εw = -1.8 ±1.4 D; εp = 10.2 ± 7.0 and εa = 0.95 ± 0.52. Local dielec. permittivity in the vicinity of apolar groups (εa) is much lower compared to that in the vicinity of polar moieties (εp), which is in line with the tendency observed by other authors studying simple mols. with small polar groups. A much higher value for the contributions from the reorientation of water mols. (μw⊥/εw) has been interpreted as resulting from bulky and strongly hydrated polar groups of phospholipids. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Computed Properties of C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Computed Properties of C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Metabolomic signatures of the long-term exposure to air pollution and temperature was written by Nassan, Feiby L.;Kelly, Rachel S.;Kosheleva, Anna;Koutrakis, Petros;Vokonas, Pantel S.;Lasky-Su, Jessica A.;Schwartz, Joel D.. And the article was included in Environmental Health (London, United Kingdom) in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Long-term exposures to air pollution has been reported to be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. We aimed to determine the changes in the blood metabolome and thus the metabolic pathways associated with long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and ambient temperature We quantified metabolites using mass-spectrometry based global untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma samples among men from the Normative Aging Study (NAS). We estimated the association between long-term exposure to PM_2.5, NO₂, O₃, and temperature (annual average of central site monitors) with metabolites and their associated metabolic pathways. We used multivariable linear mixed-effect regression models (LMEM) while simultaneously adjusting for the four exposures and potential confounding and correcting for multiple testing. As a reduction method for the intercorrelated metabolites (outcome), we further used an independent component anal. (ICA) and conducted LMEM with the same exposures. Men (N = 456) provided 648 blood samples between 2000 and 2016 in which 1158 metabolites were quantified. On average, men were 75.0 years and had an average body mass index of 27.7 kg/m₂. Almost all men (97%) were not current smokers. The adjusted anal. showed statistically significant associations with several metabolites (58 metabolites with PM_2.5, 15 metabolites with NO₂, and 6 metabolites with temperature) while no metabolites were associated with O₃. One out of five ICA factors (factor 2) was significantly associated with PM_2.5. We identified eight perturbed metabolic pathways with long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and temperature: glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, glutathione, beta-alanine, propanoate, and purine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism These pathways are related to inflammation, oxidative stress, immunity, and nucleic acid damage and repair. Using a global untargeted metabolomic approach, we identified several significant metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with long-term exposure to PM_2.5, NO₂ and temperature This study is the largest metabolomics study of long-term air pollution, to date, the first study to report a metabolomic signature of long-term temperature exposure, and the first to use ICA in the anal. of both. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5HPLC of Formula: 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comprehensive metabolic profiles of seminal plasma with different forms of male infertility and their correlation with sperm parameters was written by Xu, Yamei;Lu, Hongmei;Wang, Yang;Zhang, Zhimin;Wu, Qian. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2020.Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Metabolomics measurements of seminal plasma are widely used in diagnosis and finding of mol. mechanisms of male infertility. However, so far the limitation of metabolome coverage of anal. methods hinders comprehensive metabolite biomarker finding. Moreover, the widely used case-control comparison is not enough to unveil the detailed correlations of the metabolic changes with different sperm abnormalities. In this work, we aimed to have comprehensive metabolic profiling of seminal plasma to find the metabolomics difference between healthy controls and infertility case samples with different semen abnormalities by liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection with previously established new sample preparation procedure. Among 624 detected metabolite features, 63 potential biomarkers in various metabolite classes were found for infertility in seminal plasma by multivariate anal. Interestingly, different infertility forms have different potential biomarkers with few in common, and most of potential biomarkers were found in oligo-astheno-teratospermia samples. To further find the association of the metabolomic changes with specific sperm abnormality, sperm parameters including sperm concentration, sperm deformity rate and sperm motility were also collected, and multivariate linear regression was used to find correlations between sperm parameters and potential biomarkers. Finally, levels of 17 metabolites were found to be significantly correlated with sperm parameters. Most of correlations agreed with previously reported mechanisms of infertility, such as correlation of acylcarnitines with sperm concentration and sperm deformity, and correlation of some antioxidants with sperm deformity rate and sperm motility. Some correlations were reported for the first time, such as neg. correlations of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, 2-phosphoglyceric acid and γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine with sperm deformity rate, and neg. correlation of creatine riboside with sperm concentration All the potential biomarkers were involved in 14 metabolic pathways playing important role in energy production, antioxidation, hormone regulation and sperm membrane. These results proved previously reported mol. mechanism (such as oxidative stress and energy production) and also gave new possible clues to the pathol. of male infertility, which will benefit future etiol., diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Selective Antibacterial Activity and Lipid Membrane Interactions of Arginine-Rich Amphiphilic Peptides was written by Edwards-Gayle, Charlotte J. C.;Barrett, Glyn;Roy, Shyamali;Castelletto, Valeria;Seitsonen, Jani;Ruokolainen, Janne;Hamley, Ian W.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Bio Materials in 2020.Formula: C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The self-assembly behavior and antimicrobial activity of two designed amphiphilic peptides, R₃F₃ and R₄F₄, containing short hydrophobic phenylalanine (F) and cationic arginine (R) sequences, are investigated. The conformation of the peptides was examined using CD and FTIR spectroscopy, which show that they have a disordered secondary structure. Concentration-dependent fluorescence assays show the presence of a critical aggregation concentration (cac) for each peptide. Above the cac, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal a population of twisted tapes for R₃F₃ and nanosheets for R₄F₄. The interaction of the peptides with model bacterial membranes comprising mixtures of the lipids DPPG [1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol] and DPPE [1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine], was studied using SAXS and cryogenic-TEM. Anal. of the SAXS structure factor indicates that R₃F₃ interacts with lipid bilayers by inducing correlation between bilayers, whereas R₄F₄ interacts with the bilayers causing an increase in polydispersity of the vesicle wall thickness. Both peptides break vesicles with a 1:3 DPPG:DPPE composition, which is close to the ratio of PG and PE lipids observed in the lipid membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen responsible for serious infections and which has developed antimicrobial resistant strains. Both peptides show activity against this bacterium in planktonic form. Peptide R₄F₄ shows particularly strong bioactivity against this microbe, with a min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) value in the range of concentrations where the peptide is cytocompatible. It was further shown to have activity against other Pseudomonas species including the common plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Finally, we show that R₄F₄ inhibits the development of P. aeruginosa biofilms. This was examined in detail and a proposed mechanism involving binding of the signaling mol. c-di-GMP is suggested, based on CD spectroscopy studies and Congo red assays of extracellular polysaccharides produced by the stressed bacteria. Thus, R₄F₄ is a promising candidate antimicrobial peptide with activity against Pseudomonas species. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Formula: C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Formula: C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts