Tag: 600-700

Persistent organic pollutants in model fungal membranes. Effects on the activity of phospholipases was written by Perczyk, Paulina;Mlynczak, Maja;Wydro, Pawel;Broniatowski, Marcin. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biomembranes in 2022.Related Products of 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Soils are the final sink for multiple organic pollutants emitted to the environment. Some of these chems. which are toxic, recalcitrant and can bioaccumulate in living organism and biomagnify in trophic chains are classified persistent organic pollutants (POP). Vast areas of arable land have been polluted by POPs and the only economically possible means of decontamination is bioremediation, that is the utilization of POP-degrading microbes. Especially useful can be non-ligninolytic fungi, as their fast-growing mycelia can reach POP mols. strongly bond to soil minerals or humus fraction inaccessible to bacteria. The mobilized POP mols. are incorporated into the fungal plasma membrane where their degradation begins. The presence of POP mols. in the membranes can change their phys. properties and trigger toxic effects to the cell. To avoid these phenomena fungi can quickly remodel the phospholipid composition of their membrane with employing different phospholipases and acyltransferases. However, if the presence of POP downregulates the phospholipases, toxic effects and the final death of microbial cells are highly probable. In our studies we applied multicomponent Langmuir monolayers with their composition mimicking fungal plasma membranes and studied their interactions with two different microbial phospholipases: phospholipase C (α-toxin) and phospholipase A1 (Lecitase ultra). The model membranes were doped with selected POPs that are frequently found in contaminated soils. It turned out that most of the employed POPs do not downregulate considerably the activity of phospholipases, which is a good prognostics for the application of non-ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Related Products of 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Related Products of 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Forster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Sensor of Steric Pressure on Membrane Surfaces was written by Houser, Justin R.;Hayden, Carl C.;Thirumalai, D.;Stachowiak, Jeanne C.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.Formula: C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cellular membranes are densely covered by proteins. Steric pressure generated by protein collisions plays a significant role in shaping and curving biol. membranes. However, no method currently exists for measuring steric pressure at membrane surfaces. Here, we developed a sensor based on Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which uses the principles of polymer physics to precisely detect changes in steric pressure. The sensor consists of a polyethylene glycol chain tethered to the membrane surface. The polymer has a donor fluorophore at its free end, such that FRET with acceptor fluorophores in the membrane provides a real-time readout of polymer extension. As a demonstration of the sensor, we measured the steric pressure generated by a model protein involved in membrane bending, the N-terminal homol. domain (ENTH) of Epsin1. As the membrane becomes crowded by ENTH proteins, the polymer chain extends, increasing the fluorescence lifetime of the donor. Drawing on polymer theory, we use this change in lifetime to calculate steric pressure as a function of membrane coverage by ENTH, validating theor. equations of state. Further, we find that ENTH’s ability to break up larger vesicles into smaller ones correlates with steric pressure rather than the chem. used to attach ENTH to the membrane surface. This result addresses a long-standing question about the mol. mechanisms of membrane remodeling. More broadly, this sensor makes it possible to measure steric pressure in situ during diverse biochem. events that occur on membrane surfaces, such as membrane remodeling, ligand-receptor binding, assembly of protein complexes, and changes in membrane organization. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Formula: C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Formula: C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The nanoscopic molecular pathway through human skin was written by Iachina, I.;Antonescu, I. E.;Dreier, J.;Soerensen, J. A.;Brewer, J. R.. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects in 2019.SDS of cas: 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Knowledge regarding the barrier properties of human skin is important for understanding skin pathol., developing of transdermal drug delivery systems and computational skin absorption models; however, the mol. pathways through human skin remains to be fully investigated on a nanoscopic level. In particular the nanoscopic pathway of mols. passing the intercellular lipid bilayers separating the corneocytes in the stratum corneum (SC) is not fully elucidated. Using stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) and Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) the mol. pathways through the SC, the main barrier of the skin, are determined for lipophilic and water-soluble mols. at a nanoscopic resolution Using STED and confocal microscopy, water-soluble dyes, were observed to be present in both the corneocytes and in the intercellular lipid matrix, whereas the lipophilic dyes were predominately in the intercellular lipid bilayers. FRET was observed in the SC between the lipophilic and water-soluble dyes, the existence of a min. possible distance between acceptor and donor mols. of 4.0 ± 0.1 nm was found. The results indicate that lipophilic mols. penetrate the stratum corneum via the intercellular lipids bilayers separating the corneocytes in the SC, while the more water-soluble mols. penetrate the stratum corneum via the transcellular route through the corneocytes and intercellular lipid bilayers via the polar head groups of lipid mols. in the bilayers. Knowledge of the nanoscopic mol. pathways through human skin will help understand the skin barrier function and will be of use for computational skin absorption models and transdermal drug delivery strategies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5SDS of cas: 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Complementing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging with Chromatography Data for Improved Assignment of Isobaric and Isomeric Phospholipids Utilizing Trapped Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry was written by Helmer, Patrick O.;Nordhorn, Ilona D.;Korf, Ansgar;Behrens, Arne;Buchholz, Rebecca;Zubeil, Florian;Karst, Uwe;Hayen, Heiko. And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.Electric Literature of C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lipids, such for example the multifaceted category of glycerophospholipids (GP), play a major role in many biol. processes. High-resolution mass spectrometry is able to identify these highly diverse lipid species in combination with fragmentation experiments (MS/MS) on the basis of the accurate m/z and fragmentation pattern. However, for the differentiation of isomeric lipids or isobaric interferences, more elaborate separation methods are required. Especially for imaging techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS imaging, the identification is often exclusively based on the accurate m/z. Fragmentation via MS/MS increases the confidence in lipid annotation in imaging approaches. However, this is sometimes not feasible due to insufficient sensitivity and significantly prolonged anal. time. The use of a separation dimension such as trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) after ionization strengthens the confidence of the identification based on the collision cross section (CCS). Since CCS libraries are limited, a tissue-specific database was initially generated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog.-TIMS-MS. Using this database, the identification of isomeric lipid classes as well as isobaric interferences in a lipid class was performed using a mouse spleen sample in a workflow described in this study. Besides a CCS-based identification as an addnl. identification criterion for GP in general, the focus was on the distinction of the isomeric GP classes phosphatidylglycerol and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, as well as the differentiation of possible isobaric interferences based on the formation of adducts by MALDI-TIMS-MS imaging on a mol. level. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Electric Literature of C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Electric Literature of C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Avidity and surface mobility in multivalent ligand-receptor binding was written by Merminod, Simon;Edison, John R.;Fang, Huang;Hagan, Michael F.;Rogers, W. Benjamin. And the article was included in Nanoscale in 2021.Recommanded Product: 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Targeted drug delivery relies on two phys. processes: the selective binding of a therapeutic particle to receptors on a specific cell membrane, followed by transport of the particle across the membrane. In this article, we address some of the challenges in controlling the thermodn. and dynamics of these two processes by combining a simple exptl. system with a statistical mech. model. Specifically, we characterize and model multivalent ligand-receptor binding between colloidal particles and fluid lipid bilayers, as well as the surface mobility of membrane-bound particles. We show that the mobility of the receptors within the fluid membrane is key to both the thermodn. and dynamics of binding. First, we find that the particle-membrane binding free energy-or avidity-is a strongly nonlinear function of the ligand-receptor affinity. We attribute the nonlinearity to a combination of multivalency and recruitment of fluid receptors to the binding site. Our results also suggest that partial wrapping of the bound particles by the membrane enhances avidity further. Second, we demonstrate that the lateral mobility of membrane-bound particles is also strongly influenced by the recruitment of receptors. Specifically, we find that the lateral diffusion coefficient of a membrane-bound particle is dominated by the hydrodynamic drag against the aggregate of receptors within the membrane. These results provide one of the first direct validations of the working theor. framework for multivalent interactions. They also highlight that the fluidity and elasticity of the membrane are as important as the ligand-receptor affinity in determining the binding and transport of small particles attached to membranes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Recommanded Product: 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Predicting the packing parameter for lipids in monolayers with the use of molecular dynamics was written by Kobierski, Jan;Wnetrzak, Anita;Chachaj-Brekiesz, Anna;Dynarowicz-Latka, Patrycja. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces in 2022.Recommanded Product: 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lipid mols. form the backbone of biol. membranes. Due to their amphiphilic structure, they can self-organize in a plethora of different structures when in contact with water. The type of self-assembled structure and its curvature depend on so-called shape factor or critical packing parameter, CPP, that can be derived knowing the mol. volume of a lipid (V), optimal surface area (a0) and critical chain length (lc) (see Intermol. and Surface Forces by Jacob N. Israelachvili, Third Edition, 2011). The value of CPP allows not only to predict the type of self-assembled structure but also is a key factor for mol. interactions, which play a great role both in physiol. and pathol. conditions. The greatest difficulties arise when calculating the a0 parameter, and although for some typical membrane lipids these values have been determined, there are a number of derivatives for which this parameter, and thus CPP, are unknown. The value of CPP allows not only to predict the type of self-assembled structure but also is a key factor for mol. interactions, which play a great role both in physiol. and pathol. conditions. So far, the determination of the packing parameter required the use of theor. models with assumptions deviating from the phys. conditions. Here we report a method based on mol. dynamics, which was applied to simulate lipid membranes consisting of cholesterol, oxysterols, sphingolipids, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines. For lipid mols. for which CPPs have already been determined, high compliance has been demonstrated. This proves that the method presented herein can be successfully used to determine packing parameters for other membrane lipids and amphiphilic mols. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Recommanded Product: 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

SPaCE Swab: Point-of-Care Sensor for Simple and Rapid Detection of Acute Wound Infection was written by Thet, Naing Tun;Mercer-Chalmers, June;Greenwood, Rosemary J.;Young, Amber E. R.;Coy, Karen;Booth, Simon;Sack, Anthony;Jenkins, Andrew T. A.. And the article was included in ACS Sensors in 2020.Computed Properties of C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Wound infection is commonly observed after surgery and trauma but is difficult to diagnose and poorly defined in terms of objective clin. parameters. The assumption that bacteria in a wound correlate with infection is false; all wounds contain microorganisms, but not all wounds are clin. infected. This makes it difficult for clinicians to determine true wound infection, especially in wounds with pathogenic biofilms. If an infection is not properly treated, pathogenic virulence factors, such as rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can modulate the host immune response and cause tissue breakdown. Life-threatening sepsis can result if the organisms penetrate deep into host tissue. This communication describes the sensor development for five important clin. microbial pathogens commonly found in wounds: Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa, Candida albicans/auris, and Enterococcus faecalis (the SPaCE pathogens). The sensor contains liposomes encapsulating a self-quenched fluorescent dye. Toxins, expressed by SPaCE infecting pathogens in early-stage infected wounds, break down the liposomes, triggering dye release, thus changing the sensor color from yellow to green, an indication of infection. Five clin. species of bacteria and fungi, up to 20 strains each (totaling 83), were grown as early-stage biofilms in ex vivo porcine burn wounds. The biofilms were then swabbed, and the swab placed in the liposome suspension. The population d. of selected pathogens in a porcine wound biofilm was quantified and correlated with colorimetric response. Over 88% of swabs switched the sensor on (10⁷-10⁸ CFU/swab). A pilot clin. study demonstrated a good correlation between sensor switch-on and early-stage wound infection. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Computed Properties of C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Computed Properties of C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Toward Cell Membrane Biomimetic Lipidic Cubic Phases: A High-Throughput Exploration of Lipid Compositional Space was written by Sarkar, Sampa;Tran, Nhiem;Rashid, Harunur Md;Le, Tu C.;Yarovsky, Irene;Conn, Charlotte E.;Drummond, Calum J.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Bio Materials in 2019.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The bicontinuous lipidic cubic phase (LCP), which is based on the fundamental structure of the lipid bilayer, is increasingly used in a range of applications including drug delivery, in meso crystallization of membrane proteins, biosensors, and biofuel cells. The majority of LCPs investigated to date have been formulated from a single lipid or a combination of two lipids in water. Such systems lack tunability, with only a narrow range of lattice parameters adopted. In addition, the lipid bilayer of these materials lacks the complexity of natural cell membranes, which are composed of hundreds of different lipids and which may be essential to retaining the functionality of proteins embedded within them. In this work, we investigate the phase behavior of quaternary lipid-water systems consisting of three different lipids (monoolein-cholesterol-phospholipid) and water using a combination of exptl. and simulation techniques. This study provides a large library of lipidic materials with bilayer compositions, which more effectively mimic the native cell membrane and significantly increased tunability based on nanostructural parameters such as lattice parameter, aqueous channel size, and bilayer thickness. Importantly, the library contained several extremely swollen cubic phases with a maximum lattice parameter of up to 342.5 Å. Many of these cubic phases were successfully dispersed into highly swollen cubosomes. The swollen cubic phases described in this article contain only uncharged lipids and are therefore particularly useful for applications with a high salt concentration, including encapsulation of larger therapeutic proteins and peptides for in vivo delivery, or for the crystallization of large membrane proteins such as GPCRs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Translocation of Endo-Functionalized Molecular Tubes across Different Lipid Bilayers: Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study was written by Paul, Rabindranath;Paul, Sandip. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2021.Quality Control of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Various artificial receptors, such as calixarenes, cyclodextrins, cucurbit[n]urils, and their acyclic compounds, pliiar[n]arenes, deep cavitands, and mol. tweezers, can permeate the lipid membranes and they were used as drug carriers to improve the drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Inspired by these, the authors have employed atomistic mol. dynamics simulation to examine the effects of endo-functionalized mol. tubes or naphthotubes (host-1a and host-1b) on seven different types of model lipid bilayers and the permeation properties of these receptors through these model lipid bilayers. Lipid types include six model lipid bilayers (POPC, POPE, DOPC, POPG, DPPE, POPE/POPG) and one realistic membrane (Yeast). These receptors are spontaneously translocated toward these model lipid bilayer head regions and do not proceed further into these lipid bilayer tail regions (reside at the interface between lipid head and lipid tail region), except for the DPPE-containing systems. In the DPPE model lipid bilayer-containing systems (1a-dppe and 1b-dppe), receptor mols. are only adsorbed on the bilayer surface and reside at the interface between lipid head and water. This finding is also supported by the biased free-energy profiles of these translocation processes. Passive transport of these receptors may be possible through these model lipid bilayers (due to low barrier height), except for DPPE bilayer-containing systems (that have a very high energy barrier at the center). The results from these simulations provide insight into the biocompatibility of host-1a or host-1b in microscopic detail. Based on this work, more research is needed to fully comprehend the role of these synthesized receptors as a prospective drug carrier. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Quality Control of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Influence of amphotericin B on the thermodynamic properties and surface morphology of saturated phospholipid monolayer with different polar head at the air-water interface was written by Wang, Juan;Zhu, Hao. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Amphotericin B is not only a widely used antifungal drug, but also a potential novel immunotherapy anticancer drug. But it has great side effects on human body due to its pore-forming activity on cell′s membrane. Some researchers have found that AmB can form pores on the phospholipid monolayer in the absence of sterol. However, the effect of different polar heads of phospholipids on the pore-forming activity of AmB on the membrane is rarely reported. In this work, the influence of amphotericin B on the thermodn. properties and surface morphol. of saturated phospholipid monolayer with different polar head at the air-water interface have been studied. The results suggested that the intermol. force between AmB and DPPC or DPPE mols. was attractive but the force between AmB and DPPG or DPPS mols. was repulsive. No matter what kind of phospholipid′s polar head, AmB can enhance the disorder of the AmB/phospholipid mixed monolayer. But at 30 mN/m, this effect of AmB from strong to weak was in the presence of PS head, PG head, PC head and PE head. And the drug can induce the phase state of the phospholipid monolayer to change from LC phase to LC-LE phase at 30 mN/m. Differently, the shape and distribution of LC phase domains in the mixed monolayer film with non-charged head group were different from that with neg. charged head group, which may be due to the intermol. force between AmB and different phospholipid. The results are helpful to understand the influence of AmB on the domains without sterols on cell membrane, to lay the foundation for the interaction between AmB and phospholipid-sterol binary model membranes in the further study and to provide a basis for understanding the interaction between AmB and liposome materials. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts