Tag: 500-600

Effects of isomerisation and oxidation on the immunomodulatory activity of chlorogenic acid in RAW264.7 macrophages was written by Guo, Chongting;Bi, Jinfeng;Li, Xuan;Jian, Lyu;Liu, Xuan;Liu, Jianing;Xu, Ye;Hu, Jiaxing. And the article was included in International Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2022.Safety of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chlorogenic acid (CA) is one of the major polyphenols in fruit that contributes to most bioactivities. However, it is susceptible to isomerisation and oxidation in processing and thus displays varied bioactivity. This study aimed to evaluate the isomerisation and oxidation effects of CA on the potential immunomodulatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophages through the NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathways. The results showed that isomerisation significantly affected the immunomodulation of CA by reducing Nrf2 and increasing NF-κB nuclear translocation. The oxidation of CA weakened the effect of immune regulation in macrophages through impacts on the nucleic translocation of Nrf2 and NF-κB, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD) activity and cytokine expression. Consequently, isomerisation and oxidation remarkably affect the immunomodulation of CA via the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Safety of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In vitro gastric bioaccessibility of avocado peel extract in beef and soy-based burgers and its impact on Helicobacter pylori risk factors was written by Trujillo-Mayol, Igor;Viegas, Olga;Sobral, M. Madalena C.;Casas-Forero, Nidia;Fiallos, Nandis;Pastene-Navarrete, Edgar;Faria, Miguel A.;Alarcon-Enos, Julio;Pinho, Olivia;Ferreira, Isabel M. P. L. V. O.. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of phenolic-rich avocado peel extract (APE) as an ingredient in beef and soy-based burgers to increase their antioxidant activity, reduce lipid and protein oxidation during gastric digestion, and inhibit urease and anhydrase carbonic activity, which are considered as key factors in the main steps of Helicobacter pylori adhesion in the stomach. The gastric bioaccessible fraction of soy and beef burgers with added 0.5% APE obtained by in vitro digestion exhibited a higher content of phenolic compounds, including monomeric and oligomeric (epi)catechin forms and quercetin, and reduced levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyls (49% to 73% and 57% to 60%, resp.) when compared with control burgers. Moreover, the burgers with APE inhibited urease and carbonic anhydrase activity. Results generally showed that including APE reduces the primary risk factors associated with H. pylori infection. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Reference of 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of the distillation process on polyphenols content of grape pomace was written by Cisneros-Yupanqui, Miluska;Rizzi, Corrado;Mihaylova, Dasha;Lante, Anna. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Abstract: Grape pomace is a winery byproduct that is more and more valorized as a source of healthy bioactive mols. such as polyphenols. In addition, it can be used to produce some alc. beverages, such as grappa, which is a typical distilled Italian alc. product. The spent grape pomace after grappa elaboration is mainly considered a food waste. The aim of this study was to reconsider and valorize red and white pomaces obtained after the production of grappa. The total phenolic content of both samples, as well as the antioxidant activity had a decrease after the distillation; however, it was not significant in the case of red pomace. Regarding the phenolic profile, the behavior during the distillation was different, according to the type of pomace. After the grappa production, catechins and epicatechins were the most significant phenolics in white and red pomace, resp., demonstrating the remaining bioactivity of this byproduct, which could be useful within the food industry. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Application In Synthesis of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of heat processing on phenolics and their possible transformation in low-sugar high-moisture (LSHM) fruit products from Kainth (Pyrus pashia Buch.-ham ex D. Don) fruit was written by Prakash, Om;Baskaran, Revathy;Chauhan, A. S.;Kudachikar, V. B.. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

LSHM fruit products were developed using 40% Kainth fruit juice (KJ40) and 10% pomace (KP10). The percentage of fruit juice and pomace was optimized based on the sensory anal. The effect of heat processing on the nutritional and neutraceuticals parameters was studied. The product KJ40 was rich in free phenolics, while in KP10, it was bound phenolics. Both the products had good retention of phenolics, vitamins, minerals during processing and were microbiol. safe for up to six months. UPLC-ESI-HRMS was used for the identification and quantification of major phenolic compounds Arbutin and catechin were the most stable phenolics during processing and storage. A slight change in catechin and chlorogenic acid contents was observed, which might be transformed or degraded. Tentatively, three unknown compounds were also identified using non-targeted anal. (Marker View Software, AB Sciex). Both products might offer health benefits as rich in phenolics and dietary fiber (≥5%). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Flavor diversification of dark chocolate produced through microwave roasting of cocoa beans was written by Lemarcq, Valerie;Monterde, Viena;Tuenter, Emmy;Walle, Davy Van de;Pieters, Luc;Sioriki, Eleni;Dewettinck, Koen. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Safety of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The impact of microwave roasting cocoa beans on the aroma and phytochem. profile of dark chocolates (70% cocoa) was studied. Three chocolates produced from microwave roasted beans (450 W-55 min, 600 W-35 min, 900 W-20 min) were compared with a chocolate produced from convectively roasted beans (130°C-30 min). Aroma anal. via HS-SPME-GC-MS indicated that microwave roasting of cocoa beans resulted in chocolate with a distinctive aroma profile, compared to the chocolate produced from convectively roasted beans. Increased power input seems the main inducer of elevated levels of aroma compounds Interestingly, the impact of the four treatments on the phytochem. profile, measured via LC-HRMS, of the chocolates was rather comparable. Microwave roasting of cocoa beans was more prone to oxidation, but still within acceptable limits. The results validate that microwave roasting is a promising alternative technique that can be used effectively for chocolate production This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Safety of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Apple polyphenols exhibits chondroprotective changes of synovium and prevents knee osteoarthritis was written by Kobayashi, Marina;Harada, Seiyu;Fujimoto, Naoki;Nomura, Yoshihiro. And the article was included in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Apple polyphenols (AP) have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We examined the effects of AP on the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) AP was administered to surgically-induced OA model rats for 4 or 8 wk. This treatment suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in the synovium, resulting in a decrease in the OA severity score, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 in the synovium. It was suggested that long-term administration of AP may be effective for the treatment of OA. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was enhanced in serum samples by AP. AP or its constituent procyanidin B2 (PC) were added to HIG-82 synoviocytes. The showed that AP enhanced cell proliferation and hyaluronan production This indicates that AP may improve synovial conditions in OA and suppress OA progression. These effects may be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of AP. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A comprehensive study of the differences in protein expression and chemical constituents in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) with different maturity using a combined proteomics and metabolomics method was written by Sun, Zhen;Chen, Dan;Zhu, Liyao;Zhao, Yanni;Lin, Zhi;Li, Xianzhen;Dai, Weidong. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Formula: C30H26O12 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The maturity of tea leaves has a great influence on the flavor quality and com. price of tea. In this work, a combined proteomics and metabolomics anal. was applied to investigate the differences in protein expression and metabolites among tea leaves with different maturity. Integrated anal. showed that there were significant differences in 112 nonvolatile components related to the pathways of photosynthesis, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the biosynthesis of amino acids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. The bud had higher expression levels of most enzymes related to the biosynthesis of amino acids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids, leading to higher levels of amino acids, most flavanols, and procyanidins compared with the leaves. The 1st leaf showed a higher expression level of flavonol synthase, which produces higher levels of flavonol-3-glycosides. This study offers deep insight into the maturity of tea at both the protein and metabolite levels and provides a guideline for tea manufacturing This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Formula: C30H26O12).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Formula: C30H26O12

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Continuous ultrasound and pulsed ultrasound: Selective extraction tools to obtain enriched antioxidants extracts from cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) was written by Quiroz-Reyes, Cinthya Nathaly;Aguilar-Mendez, Miguel Angel. And the article was included in Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, the effect of continuous assisted extraction (CUAE) and pulsed ultrasound assisted extraction (PUAE) of phenolic compounds from cocoa beans was evaluated. Frequency (25/45 kHz) and extraction time (15/30 min) were varied. Phenolic acids were identified as catechin-(+), epicatechin-(+), procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2 were quantified on each extract by HPLC-DAD. Then, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), flavan-3-ols, non-flavonoids content (NF) and proanthocyanidins (PAC) were determined The exptl. findings indicated the highest extraction yields of TPC and flavonoids subclasses when prolonged PUAE was used. Addnl., an increase of 282% in epicatechin yield was obtained compared with CUAE. However, the prolonged use of continuous sonication increased the non-flavonoids extraction yield in 23% compared with pulsed sonication. The scavenging and iron chelating activity depended on the chem. composition of each extract and was not correlated directly to TPC. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap /MS² identification of (+)-Catechin oxidation reaction dimeric products in red wines and grape seed extracts was written by Deshaies, Stacy;Sommerer, Nicolas;Garcia, Francois;Mouls, Laetitia;Saucier, Cedric. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C30H26O12 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

B-type procyanidin dimers and (+)-catechin dimeric oxidation products were analyzed in grape seed extracts and red wines (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS). The different dimers had different fragmentation patterns according to their interflavan linkage position. Oxidation dimeric compounds had a specific fragment ion at m/z 393, missing for B-Type dimers fragmentations. A fragment ion at m/z 291 occurred and was specific for oxidation dimeric compounds with a C-O-C linkage. Higher level oxidation products had abundant specific fragments: m/z 425, 397 and 245. These fragmentations were useful to identify them in complex samples such as grape seed extracts and wines. Three grape varieties and three ripening stages were selected and the corresponding seed extracts were obtained. The analyses revealed an increasing trend for the oxidation markers during grape ripening. The anal. of Syrah wines (2018, 2014, 2010) showed a decreasing trend of these mols. during wine ageing which might be due to further oxidation This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Electric Literature of C30H26O12).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C30H26O12

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Apple polyphenol extract targets circadian rhythms to improve liver biological clock and lipid homeostasis in C57BL/6 male mice with mistimed high-fat diet feeding was written by Cui, Yuan;Yin, Yan;Li, Shilan;Xie, Yisha;Wu, ZhengLi;Yang, Hao;Qian, Qingfan;Li, Xinli. And the article was included in Journal of Functional Foods in 2022.Product Details of 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To investigate the potential role of apple polyphenol extract (APE) in the prevention and alleviation of circadian rhythm disturbances, eighty male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were randomized into four groups: 24 h ad libitum feeding (AL), 12 h restricted nighttime feeding (NF) or daytime feeding (DF), and daytime feeding with APE intragastric administration (DF-APE). Five weeks later, the mice were sacrificed at 6 h intervals over 24 h. Disrupted fluctuations in serum lipid profiles and hormones, along with desynchronization of circadian clock genes and metabolic genes were observed after daytime HFD feeding. However, APE treatment improved hepatic steatosis and recovered circadian rhythms of Cry1/2, and genes Acc and Hsl related to lipid synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters, and Cyp7a1 in bile acid synthesis. In conclusion, the present study provides new evidence revealing that the circadian clock might be a novel target for APE to regulate metabolic homeostasis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Product Details of 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Product Details of 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts