Tag: 400-500

Characterizing the impact of high temperature during grain filling on phytohormone levels, enzyme activity and metabolic profiles of an early indica rice variety was written by Shao, C.;Shen, L.;Qiu, C.;Wang, Y.;Qian, Y.;Chen, J.;Ouyang, Z.;Zhang, P.;Guan, X.;Xie, J.;Liu, G.;Peng, C.. And the article was included in Plant Biology (Berlin, Germany) in 2021.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

Global warming results in high temperature stress (HTS), which presents severe challenges worldwide for modern agricultural production and will have significant impacts on the yield and quality of crops. Accumulation of photosynthetic products, activity of enzymes involved in sucrose-starch metabolism, phytohormone levels and metabolic profiling using LC-MS were analyzed in the flag leaves and/or developing grains subjected to HTS during the grain-filling stage of an indica rice. HTS induced significant yield loss and reduced the grain quality, with lower amylose content. HTS reduced photosynthetic product accumulation in flag leaves and reduced starch accumulation in developing grains, compared to growth under normal temperatures The activity of enzymes related to sucrose-starch metabolism were dis-regulated in developing grains grown under high temperature (HT). Moreover, phytohormone homeostasis in flag leaves and developing grains was also dramatically disturbed by HT. Metabolic profiling detected many metabolites with remarkably different relative fold abundances at different time points in the developing grain at HT vs. normal temperatures, these metabolites were enriched in several HTS response pathways. The change in phytohormone ratio and auxin level might be associated with the reduction in photosynthetic products and their translocation, and ultimately with reduced starch accumulation in the developing grain. The detected metabolites might have different roles in response to the HTS in developing grain at different development stages. These results provide a theor. reference and basis for future rice production towards higher quality and yield when grown under HTS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Replacement of fish meal with Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria meal in the diets of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was written by Chen, Yongkang;Chi, Shuyan;Zhang, Shuang;Dong, Xiaohui;Yang, Qihui;Liu, Hongyu;Zhang, Wei;Deng, Junming;Tan, Beiping;Xie, Shiwei. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria meal is a kind of bacterial protein meal (BPM) with an excellent nutrition profile. This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with BPM on growth, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphol., and gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A basal diet was formulated to contain 25% FM, then 15, 30 and 45% of FM was replaced with BPM, which were identified FM, BPM15, BPM30, and BPM45 diets, resp. Triplicate groups (40 shrimp per replicate) of shrimp (0.88 ± 0.01 g) were fed the test diets to apparent satiation four times daily for 7 wk. There were no significant differences in growth performance among four groups. Malondialdehyde content and anti-oxidative enzymes activity in hepatopancreas were significantly increased with increasing BPM levels. For intestinal histol., the circular muscle layer thickness was significantly increased in BPM45. The mucosal folds height of shrimp fed BPM45 was significantly higher than those fed BPM15. The width of mucosal folds in BPM15 and BPM30 was significantly reduced comparing with FM. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that intestinal microvilli was impaired and endoplasmic reticulum stress was present in shrimp fed BPM45 diet. However, dietary BPM improved the diversity of intestinal microbiota, and more beneficial microbiota such as Pseudoalteromonas, Ruegeria, and Lactobacillus, as well as less harmful microbiota such as Vibrio were found in the gut of BPM45. A 12-day challenge study with Vibrio parahaemolyticus showed that shrimp fed diet BPM15 had a significantly lower mortality throughout the challenge trial. To conclude, BPM replacement of fish meal did not affect growth performance and feed utilization of shrimp. The high dietary inclusion of BPM increased the oxidation level in the hepatopancreas of shrimp and BPM was able to increase the height of the mucosal folds, improve the gut microbiota structure and increase the disease resistance of shrimp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of multivitamin nanoemulsion on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant ability, intestinal tissue structure and cecal microecology of growing Rex rabbits was written by Ye, Xiangyang;Gong, Ruiguang;Ren, Zhanjun. And the article was included in Dongwu Yingyang Xuebao in 2021.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of multivitamin nanoemulsion on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant ability, intestinal tissue structure and cecal microecol. of growing Rex rabbits. A total of 150 healthy weaned Rex rabbits at the age of 30 days and similar body weight were selected, and randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 repetitions in each group and 10 rabbits (half male and half female) in each repetition. Rabbits in control group I were fed a granulated feed containing vitamins (100% nutritional standard), normal drinking water; rabbits in control group II fed the same granulated feed with control group I, but the drinking water added Twain-80+glycerol (the contents of them were the same as test group II). Rabbits in test groups were fed the granulated feed without vitamins, and test groups I, II and III were added multivitamin nanoemulsion including 80%, 100% and 120% nutritional standard vitamins in drinking water. The experiment lasted for 61 days including a 5-day preliminary period and a 56-day test period. The results showed as follows: compared with control group I, 1) on day 1 to 28, the diarrhea rate and diarrhea mortality were significantly reduced in control group II and test group I (P<0.05), on day 29 to 56, the average daily feed intake was significantly reduced in test groups II and III (P<0.05), while the feed/gain was not significant difference (P>0.05). 2) The thymus index was significantly reduced in test groups I and II (P<0.05), the appendix length was significantly reduced in control group II and test group II (P<0.05), and the liver index was significantly increased in test groups I and III (P<0.05). 3) The blood total antioxidant capacity in test group II and blood superoxide dismutase activity in control group II were significantly increased (P<0.05). 4) The villus height of ileum was significantly increased in control group II (P<0.01), the crypt depth of ileum was significantly reduced in test group I (P<0.05), and the villus height/crypt depth of ileum was significantly increased in all test groups and control group II (P<0.01). The lymphocyte cell proportion in simple columnar epithelium of ileum was significantly increased in control group II (P<0.05). 5) The relative abundances of Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 in cecum were significantly reduced in test group II (P<0.05). It is concluded that adding multivitamin nanoemulsion containing the nutritional standard of 100% into the drinking water can enhance the immune function and antioxidant ability, improve the intestinal tissue structure and cecal microecol. of growing Rex rabbits. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Antioxidant defence system based oxidative stress mitigation through dietary jamun tree leaf in experimentally infected snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii was written by Prabu, Dhanasekaran Linga;Ebeneezar, Sanal;Chandrasekar, Selvam;Kavitha, Mookaiah;Vijayagopal, Pananghat. And the article was included in Fish Physiology and Biochemistry in 2021.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary jamun tree leaf (JL) on the antioxidant defense system-based disease resistance in juveniles of Trachinotus blochii. The juveniles of snubnose pompano were distributed into four treatment groups in triplicates. Each treatment was fed with a diet containing either 0 (0JL), 0.5 (0.5JL), 1 (1JL) and 1.5% JL (1.5JL) in the feed. After feeding trial, the fishes were exptl. infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The activities of oxidative stress enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase were found to be increasing with increasing level of dietary JL incorporation, and the lower value was witnessed in control group in pre- and post-challenge. After challenge, the alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities in all the treatments were significantly increased (P < 0.05) than the pre-challenge condition and exhibited reverse trend with the antioxidant enzymes. The alk. and acid phosphatase activities were found higher in 1.5JL group and showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among the treatments. The respiratory burst activity and liver glycogen content showed an increasing trend as the level of inclusion of JL increased in the diet. The acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly plunged (P < 0.05) after exptl. infection, and JL diet fed groups showed better activity. After exptl. infection with V. parahaemolyticus, the highest relative percentage of survival was observed in 1JL and 1.5JL groups. Hence, dietary supplementation of jamun tree leaf at the level of 1% is adequate to reduce the oxidative stress and improved the innate immune status through antioxidant defense system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The combined effect of protein hydrolysis and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation on antioxidant activity and metabolomic profiles of quinoa beverage was written by Meng, Fan-Bing;Zhou, Li;Li, Jia-Jia;Li, Yun-Cheng;Wang, Meng;Zou, Long-Hua;Liu, Da-Yu;Chen, Wei-Jun. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

Lactic acid bacteria fermentation is a commonly applied technique to produce nutritional, functional, and organoleptic enhanced foods. In the present study, protein hydrolysis and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation were coupled to develop quinoa beverages. Protein hydrolysis effectively promoted the growth and fermentation of L. plantarum. Fermentation alone did not significantly improve antioxidant activity, but the combined use of protein hydrolysis and L. plantarum fermentation significantly improved the antioxidant activity of the quinoa beverage. Nontargeted metabolomics based on UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X/MS and multivariate statistical anal. were performed to reveal the metabolite profile alterations of the quinoa beverage by different processing methods. A total of 756 metabolites were identified and annotated, which could be categorized into 12 different classes. The significant differentially abundant metabolites were mainly involved in primary metabolite metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Many of these metabolites were proven to be vitally important to the function and taste formation of the quinoa beverage. Most importantly, the coupled use of protein hydrolysis and L. plantarum fermentation significantly increased some functional ingredients compared with protein hydrolysis and L. plantarum fermentation alone. The above results indicate that protein hydrolysis coupled with L. plantarum fermentation is an effective strategy to develop functional quinoa beverages. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The nutrient requirements of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and their application to fermented milk was written by Meng, Li;Li, Shuang;Liu, Gefei;Fan, Xuejing;Qiao, Yali;Zhang, Ao;Lin, Yanan;Zhao, Xingming;Huang, Kai;Feng, Zhen. And the article was included in Journal of Dairy Science in 2021.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 is a suitable probiotic for food application, but because of its slow growth in milk, an increase in its efficiency is desired. To shorten the time required for fermentation, the nutrient requirements of L. acidophilus LA-5 were analyzed, including the patterns of consumption of amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, and metal ions. The nutrients required by L. acidophilus LA-5 were Asn, Asp, Cys, Leu, Met, riboflavin, guanine, uracil, and Mn²⁺, and when they were added to milk, the fermentation time of fermented milk prepared by L. acidophilus LA-5 alone was shortened by 9 h, with high viable cell counts that were maintained during storage of nutrient-supplemented fermented milk compared with the control. For fermented milk prepared by fermentation with Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, and L. acidophilus LA-5, viable cell counts of L. acidophilus LA-5 increased 1.3-fold and were maintained during storage of nutrient-supplemented fermented milk compared with the control. Adding nutrients had no neg. effect on the quality of the fermented milk. The results indicated that suitable nutrients enhanced the growth of L. acidophilus LA-5 and increased its viable cell counts in fermented milk prepared by L. acidophilus LA-5 alone and mixed starter culture, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Optimizing the fatty acid profile of novel terrestrial oil blends in low fishmeal diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yields comparable fish growth, total fillet n-3 LC-PUFA content, and health performance relative to fish oil was written by Hossain, Sakhawat Md.;Peng, Mo;Small, Brian C.. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.Recommanded Product: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Identifying and effectively utilizing suitable, novel, terrestrial oil sources either alone or as blends to replace fish oil (FO) is a prerequisite for improving the sustainability of global aquaculture. Therefore, the present study evaluates several novel terrestrial oil blends (TOBs), optimized for their fatty acid profile, as alternatives to FO in low fishmeal diets fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and describes the subsequent effects on fish growth, fatty acid composition and health. Insect oil (IO), genetically modified canola oil (CO), palm oil (PO) and linseed oil (LO) were used for the formulation of three TOBs viz., TOB-1 (30%IO+36%CO + 34%LO), TOB-2 (40%PO + 20%CO + 40%LO) and TOB-3 (50%TOB-1 + 50%TOB-2). Formulas TOB-1 and TOB-2 considered the total fatty acid profile based upon the general FO fatty acid profile, published fatty acid research for rainbow trout, and the fatty acid requirements of rainbow trout. A low fishmeal based basal diet containing 44% crude protein was formulated, and FO, TOB-1, TOB-2 and TOB-3 were incorporated in the basal diet to prepare the exptl. diet groups, Control, TOB-1, TOB-2 and TOB-3, resp. All exptl. diets were fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout juveniles (initial weight 7.9 ± 0.02 g) for 9 wk. Growth performance (final weight, percent weight gain and specific growth rate) in TOBs fed groups were equal to the FO-based control group. Fish fed the TOB-3 diet consumed more feed followed by the control and TOB-1 diet groups. Significantly lower feed intake was observed in the TOB-2 diet group. Feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly influenced by dietary oil sources. Fish fed the control diet showed significantly higher hepatic lipid content compared to TOB groups, followed by TOB-2, TOB-3, and TOB-1, which was significantly lower in hepatic lipid content. Muscle lipid content and whole-body major nutrient compositions were not significantly influenced by the dietary oil sources. Fatty acid composition of muscle and liver reflected that of the diets. Maximum values for n3 LC-PUFAs (EPA and DHA), lauric acid (C12:0) and C18:3n-3 were observed in the FO, TOB-1 and TOB-2 groups, resp. Except for C12:0, muscle saturated fatty acid contents were significantly lower in TOBs-based diet compared to the FO-based control diet fish. As expected, muscle C12:0 content was significantly higher in the TOB-1 group followed by the TOB-3 group. TOB-2 and control groups had significantly lower content of C12:0. The fillet total n-3 LC-PUFA was significantly higher in fish fed the control diet group followed by TOB-3 and TOB-2 groups, TOB-1 showed significantly lower content of total n-3 LC- PUFA. Hepatic delta-5 desaturase (Δ5fad), delta-6 desaturase (Δ 6fad) and fatty acid elongase-2 (Elovl-2) gene expressions were significantly influenced by dietary oil sources, where TOB-based groups showed higher Δ6fad and Elovl-2 expressions. Measured innate immunity and antioxidant markers were not affected by TOBs. Finally, we concluded that TOBs could serve as a substitute for FO in rainbow trout feed without neg. impacting performance. Moreover, fillet total n-3 LC-PUFA of TOB-fed fish satisfies the suggested daily serving for humans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A protein-free chemically defined medium for the cultivation of various micro-organisms with food safety significance was written by Wang, D.;Greenwood, P.;Klein, M. S.. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Microbiology in 2021.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

To develop a broadly applicable medium free of proteins with well-defined and reproducible chem. composition for the cultivation of various micro-organisms with food safety significance. The defined medium was designed as a buffered minimal salt medium supplemented with amino acids, vitamins, trace metals and other nutrients. Various strains commonly used for food safety research were selected to test the new defined medium. We investigated single growth factors needed by different strains and the growth performance of each strain cultivated in the defined medium. Results showed that the tested strains initially grew slower in the defined medium compared to tryptic soy broth, but after an overnight incubation cultures from the defined medium reached adequately high cell densities. The newly designed defined medium can be widely applied in food safety studies that require media with well-defined chem. constituents. Significance and Impact of the Study : Defined media are important in studies of microbial metabolites and physiol. properties. A defined medium capable of cultivating different strains simultaneously is needed in the food safety area. The new defined medium has broader applications in comparing different strains directly and provides more reproducible results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dietary yeast culture facilitates the growth, immune response, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal microbiota and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus ) was written by Wang, Qi;Ayiku, Stephen;Liu, Hongyu;Tan, Beiping;Dong, Xiaohui;Chi, Shuyan;Yang, Qihui;Zhang, Shuang;Zhou, Wenhao. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2022.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of yeast culture (YC) supplementation at different levels (0%, 2% and 4%) on the growth, immune response, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphol. and microbiota of hybrid grouper. After 56 days feeding trial, the results showed that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate and protein efficiency rate of hybrid grouper were significantly improved, and the feed conversion ratio of hybrid grouper in the 4% group (p < 0.05) was significantly reduced. The serum total protein, acid phosphatase, alk. phosphatase and lysozyme of hybrid grouper in the 4% group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and malondialdehyde were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). YC treatment significantly enhanced the trypsin, lipase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes constituted the dominant phylum in grouper intestine. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Phyllobacterium in the YC groups was higher than that in the control group. The length and width of intestinal villi of grouper fed with YC diets were improved (p < 0.05). The protection against V. harveyi challenge in hybrid grouper was enhanced after YC treatment group, and the hybrid groupers fed with 4% YC diets experienced the highest cumulative survival rate of 67%. All these results suggested that the supplementation of 4% YC diets improved the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphol., microbiota and disease resistance against V. harveyi of hybrid grouper. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guanidinoacetic acid supplementation totally based on vegetable meal diet improved the growth performance, muscle flavor components and sensory characteristics of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella) was written by Yang, Ling-Lan;Wu, Pei;Feng, Lin;Jiang, Wei-Dan;Liu, Yang;Kuang, Sheng-Yao;Tang, Ling;Zhou, Xiao-Qiu. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.Electric Literature of C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

This study was conducted to examine the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation totally based on vegetable meal diet on growth performance, muscle flavor components and sensory characteristics of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella). Fish were fed with one fishmeal diet and five vegetable meal diets supplemented with graded levels of GAA (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg GAA diet) for 60 days. After the feeding period, we discovered that appropriate GAA supplementation totally based on vegetable meal diet could (1) improve the percentage weight gain (PWG), feed intake (FI) and feed efficiency (FE) of grass carp; (2) increase muscle flavor nucleotide (IMP), flavor-related fatty acid and amino acid contents; (3) improve muscle postmortem pH, water-holding capacity and firmness to enhance sensory characteristics, which were partly related to postmortem glycolysis, d. of myofiber and collagen. Furthermore, based on the growth indicator PWG, muscle DHA, pH and firmness, the appropriate levels of GAA supplementation in vegetable meal diet for on-growing grass carp (169.46-600.89 g) were estimated as to be 335.35, 313.75, 321.72 and 314.61 mg/kg, resp. Summarily, this study is the first to demonstrate that GAA supplementation totally based on vegetable meal diet elevated the growth performance, muscle flavor components and sensory characteristics of grass carp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Electric Literature of C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts