Tag: 400-500

Effect of dietary Ficus carica polysaccharides on the growth performance, innate immune response and survival of crucian carp against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was written by Wang, Erlong;Chen, Xia;Liu, Tao;Wang, Kaiyu. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.Product Details of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Ficus carica polysaccharides (FCPS), one of the most effective and important compo-nents in Ficus carica L., had been considered to be a beneficial immunostimulant and may be used in immunotherapy for animals and human. However, studies were little about the effect of FCPS used as immunomodulatory and the suitable dosage in fish. The present study investigated the effect of four different dietary levels of FCPS (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8%) on the growth performance, innate immune responses and survival of crucian carp against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The results showed that compared with control group, dietary FCPS had pos. effects the growth performance (final weight, feed conversion ratio and survival rate) of crucian carp. FCPS induced significant higher (p < 0.05) leukocyte phagocytosis activity, serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity, com-plement C3, SOD activity and total protein level in the serum of crucian carp. Moreover, innate immune response of fish in FCPS groups increased first and then decreased with increasing dietary FCPS from 0.1% to 0.8%, and reached up to the peak in 0.4% dietary FCPS groups. Besides, the cumulative mortalities in FCPS groups were remarkably lower than that of control group when challenged with A. hydrophila, the relative percent survivals were 22.67%, 55.56%, 62.22% and 17.78% in 0.1% group, 0.2% group, 0.4% group and 0.8% group, resp. These results suggested that dietary FCPS could improve the growth performance, innate immune response and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in fish, and the suitable dietary dose of FCPS was 0.4% in crucian carp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Product Details of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Product Details of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Non-clinical safety profile and pharmacodynamics of two formulations of the anti-sepsis drug candidate Rejuveinix (RJX) was written by Uckun, Fatih M.;Orhan, Cemal;Powell, Joy;Sahin, Emre;Ozercan, Ibrahim H.;Volk, Michael;Sahin, Kazim. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2021.Safety of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

Here, we demonstrate that the two distinct formulations of our anti-sepsis drug candidate Rejuveinix (RJX), have a very favorable safety profile in Wistar Albino rats at dose levels comparable to the projected clin. dose levels. 14-Day treatment with RJX-P (RJX PPP.18.1051) or RJX-B (RJX-B200702-CLN) similarly elevated the day 15 tissue levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as ascorbic acid in both the lungs and liver in a dose-dependent fashion. The activity of SOD and ascorbic acid levels were significantly higher in tissues of RJX-P or RJX-B treated rats than vehicle-treated control rats (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between tissue SOD activity or ascorbic acid levels of rats treated with RJX-P vs. rats treated with RJX-B (p > 0.05). The observed elevations of the SOD and ascorbic acid levels were transient and were no longer detectable on day 28 following a 14-day recovery period. These results demonstrate that RJX-P and RJX-B are bioequivalent relative to their pharmacodynamic effects on tissue SOD and ascorbic acid levels. Furthermore, both formulations showed profound protective activity in a mouse model of sepsis. In agreement with the PD evaluations in rats and their proposed mechanism of action, both RJX-P and RJX-B exhibited near-identical potent and dose-dependent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in the LPS-GalN model of ARDS and multi-organ failure in mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Safety of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary natural vitamin E supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical indices, tocopherol deposition and antioxidant capacity of laying hens was written by Zhao, Haoran;Chen, Yueping;Wang, Shiqi;Wen, Chao;Zhou, Yanmin. And the article was included in Italian Journal of Animal Science in 2021.Computed Properties of C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

This study was to evaluate the effects of dietary natural vitamin E supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochem. indexes, tocopherol deposition and antioxidant capacity of laying hens. A total of 360 46-wk-old Hyline Brown hens were randomly assigned into five treatments consisting of six replicates with 12 hens each for a 9-wk feeding trial. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg natural vitamin E, resp. Natural vitamin E linearly increased egg production and egg mass (p < .05), linearly decreased feed conversion ratio (p < .05) and linearly and quadratically increased feed intake (p < .05). The total tocopherol concentration in liver and yolk increased quadratically and linearly with increasing levels of natural vitamin E, resp. (p < .05). A linear decrease in content of serum low-d. lipoprotein cholesterol was observed (p < .05). Supplementation of natural vitamin E linearly decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, linearly increased hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) activities, quadratically increased serum CAT activity and linearly and quadratically decreased hepatic MDA accumulation (p < .05). In conclusion, natural vitamin E can enhance laying performance, regulate serum cholesterol concentration, promote tocopherol deposition and improve antioxidant capacity, and dietary supplementation at a dosage of 100 mg/kg was recommended. HighlightsDietary supplementations of natural vitamin E significantly improved laying performance of hens. Dietary supplementations of natural vitamin E significantly increased tocopherol concentration of liver and yolk. Dietary supplementations of natural vitamin E significantly improved antioxidant capacity of hens. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Computed Properties of C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Computed Properties of C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary protein substitution of fishmeal with black soldier fly larval meal on growth and physiological responses of juvenile striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was written by Sudha, Chandrasekaran;Ahilan, Baboonsundaram;Felix, Nathan;Uma, Arumugam;Prabu, Elangovan. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2022.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

A 10-wk feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary black soldier fly larval meal (BSFLM) on growth performances, digestive enzyme activity, haematol. responses and muscle growth-related gene expression of juvenile striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with BSFLM to replace fishmeal at 0 per cent (T0), 20 per cent (T20), 40 per cent (T40), 60 per cent (T60), 80 per cent (T80) and 100 per cent (T100). A total of 540 fingerlings were randomly distributed into 18 tanks and fed thrice a day. Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed T20, T40 and T60 diets were not significantly different from T0 diet. However, increasing the percentage of fishmeal replacement with BSFLM to 100% at an inclusion level of 292 g/kg resulted in a substantial reduction in growth and feed efficiency of striped catfish. Fish fed T80 and T100 diets had significantly lower whole-body crude protein, crude lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride value than fish fed other exptl. diets, while dietary inclusion of BSFLM had no significant effect on the whole-body amino acid profile, haematol. responses and intestinal and liver protease and amylase activity of striped catfish. However, lipase activity was increased in fish fed T80 and T100 diets. T80 and T100 hepatocytes were shown to have greater congestion in histol. than other groups. The relative expression of MyoD and myogenin was significantly maximized in fish fed the T60 diet. Fishmeal may be replaced with BSFLM up to 60 per cent at an inclusion level of 174 g/kg in the diet of juvenile striped catfish. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of long-term consumption of poultry egg products on growth, body composition, and liver gene expression in zebrafish, Danio rerio was written by Williams, Michael B.;Palmer, Joseph W.;Chehade, Sophie B.;Hall, Alex J.;Barry, Robert J.;Powell, Mickie L.;Harris, Melissa L.;Sun, Liou Y.;Watts, Stephen A.. And the article was included in Current Developments in Nutrition in 2021.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Poultry eggs are a low-cost, high-protein nutrient package that can be consumed as part of quality diets. However, consumption of poultry egg products is historically contentious, which highlights the importance of investigating impacts of long-term egg consumption on metabolic health. Our study utilized the zebrafish, Danio rerio, a newly defined model of human metabolic health, to understand the metabolic consequence of consuming egg products in lieu of other well-described protein sources. Reference diets were formulated to contain multisource protein with casein and fish protein hydrolyzate (CON; control protein sources), the protein sources that have been historically utilized in numerous reference diets. These proteins were then partially replaced with either whole egg (WE; protein and lipid source), egg white (EW; protein source), wheat gluten (WG; cereal protein source), or a high-lipid-content diet containing a multisource protein with casein and fish protein hydrolyzate (HFCON; isonitrogenous and isolipidic with the WE diet) in a 34-wk trial (n = 8 tanks, 10 fish per tank). Daily feeding was initiated at the early juvenile life stage and terminated at the late reproductive adult stage. The amino acid composition of control vs. egg product diets did not vary substantially, although methionine and lysine were apparently limiting in fish fed WG. At termination, fish fed EW as the protein source had weight gain and body composition similar to those fed the CON diet. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose did not differ between any dietary treatment. Assessment of the liver transcriptome using RNAseq revealed no differential gene expression between zebrafish fed CON or WE diets. Zebrafish fed WG had lower weight gain in males. Long-term consumption of egg products promoted metabolic health equal to that of historically relevant proteins. These data support the value of egg products for maintaining long-term metabolic health in animal diets. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Interactions of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and vitamin C on growth performance, anti-oxidation and muscle quality of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino was written by Rao, Wanxiu;Chen, Peng;Liu, Chang;Cui, Zhengyi;Lei, Keke;Luo, Kai;Zhang, Wenbing;Mai, Kangsen. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A 93-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and vitamin C (VC) on the growth performance, anti-oxidation and muscle quality of abalone Haliotis discus hannai (initial body weight: 26.89 ± 0.26 g; initial shell length: 60.36 ± 0.25 mm). Six exptl. diets in a 3 x 2 two-factor design were formulated with graded levels of dietary EPA (0.25%, 0.75% and 1.25%) and dietary VC (0 and 1260 mg/kg). Results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) of abalone was significantly increased with the increasing dietary EPA levels (P < 0.05), but there was no significant effect of dietary VC on the WGR. The significant highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the group with 1.25% of dietary EPA and 1260 mg/kg of dietary VC, and there was a significant interaction between dietary EPA and VC (P < 0.05). Dietary EPA supplementation significantly improved muscle hardness and the content of ∑n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, volatile compounds, adenosine-5-monophosphate (AMP) and inosine-5-monophosphate (IMP) in muscle. Dietary VC supplementation significantly improved the muscle hardness, springiness, chewiness, and the contents of volatile compounds, hydroxyproline and IMP in muscle (P < 0.05). Significant interactions between dietary EPA and VC were observed on volatile compounds, AMP and IMP (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary EPA and VC interactively influence the anti-oxidative capability and muscle quality of abalone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of replacing fish meal with cottonseed protein concentrate on the growth, immune responses, digestive ability and intestinal microbial flora in Litopenaeus vannamei was written by Wang, Hongming;Hu, Xin;Zheng, Yudong;Chen, Jian;Tan, Beiping;Shi, Lili;Zhang, Shuang. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

The effects of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) in place of fishmeal on the growth performance, immune response, digestive ability and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated in this study. L. vannamei (initial body weight: 0.42 ± 0.01g) was fed for 8 wk by four isonitrogenous and isolipid feeds with CPC replacing fishmeal (FM) at 0% (control), 15% (CPC15), 30% (CPC30) and 45% (CPC45), resp. At the end of the study, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of L. vannamei in CPC15 and CPC30 groups were significantly increased, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of L. vannamei in the CPC30 group was significantly reduced when compared with the FM group (P < 0.05). After Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the cumulative mortality of L. vannamei in CPC15 within 24 hpi was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). When compared with the control group, the activities and expression of the immunity-related enzymes in the hepatopancreas had almost the same obvious change trend in the CPC-containing groups, which indicated that the replacement for fishmeal by CPC led to significant immune response in L. vannamei. Besides, significant up-regulation of the digestive enzyme activities were observed in the CPC-containing groups. Anal. of intestinal microbiota showed that significant difference in alpha diversity existed between the CPC-containing groups and the control group. The relative abundances of several top 10 dominated species at the phylum and genus levels were significantly changed in the CPC-containing groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Functional prediction of the microbiota indicated that the pathway of protein digestion and absorption was significantly more abundant while the pathways of nitrotoluene degradation, aminobenzoate degradation, atrazine degradation, dioxin degradation and xylene degradation were significantly less abundant in the CPC-containing groups than the FM group (P < 0.05). In summary, optimal dietary CPC replacement of FM could improve the growth, immunity, digestive capacity and the diversities of the intestinal microbial flora of L. vannamei. However, parts of the functions of the intestinal microbial flora were decline. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Air-classified faba bean protein fraction as a substitute to soybean meal in pelleted and extruded broiler diets was written by Itani, K.;Hansen, J. Oe.;Kieronczyk, B.;Benzertiha, A.;Kurk, A. E.;Aanestad, R. M.;Schuller, R. B.;Mydland, L. T.;Svihus, B.;Oeverland, M.. And the article was included in British Poultry Science in 2022.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

1. The hypothesis that air-classified faba bean protein fraction (FBP) can replace soybean meal (SBM) in pelleted or extruded broiler diets without adverse effect on performance or nutrient digestibility was tested.2. At 17 d of age, male broilers were randomly distributed among four dietary treatments consisting of either SBM or FBP (main dietary protein source) and pelleting or extrusion as processing methods. Treatments had 10 replicate pens containing five birds each.3. Compared to SBM, birds fed FBP had significantly lower feed intake, less weight gain and had poorer feed conversion.4. Pellet durability was high (above 92%) for all diets. In pelleted diets, FBP was harder than SBM whereas extruded diets had similar hardness. Pelleting increased water stability compared to extrusion. FBP diets were more water stable than the SBM diets.5. Gizzard content weight was 2.2-fold higher (P = 0.002) for birds given FBP compared to those fed SBM. The weight of the jejunum and ileum with contents was 1.4-fold lower for the FBP diets, and this effect was larger (P < 0.05) for the extruded FBP diet.6. Birds fed FBP diets had significantly higher nitrogen digestibility in the lower jejunum and ileum compared to those given SBM diets, while the starch digestibility coefficient was above 0.980 in all treatments.7. The high nutrient digestibility of FBP diets indicates that the poor performance of the FBP group was due to lower feed intake which was not explained by the differences in pellet durability or hardness. The reduced palatability of the FBP and the longer retention of the FBP diets in the upper gut are more likely to have depressed feed intake. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ocoxin increases the antitumor effect of BRAF inhibition and reduces cancer associated fibroblast-mediated chemoresistance and protumoral activity in metastatic melanoma was written by Benedicto, Aitor;Hernandez-Unzueta, Iera;Sanz, Eduardo;Marquez, Joana. And the article was included in Nutrients in 2021.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

Whereas the prevalence of several cancer types is decreasing, skin malignancies are growing more common every year. Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with high metastatic capacity. In most cases, malignant melanoma shows acquired therapy resistance. We evaluated the ability of Ocoxin, a natural compound-based antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutritional complement, to exert an antitumor effect in melanoma. To do so, the cytotoxicity of Ocoxin in a panel of BRAF-mutated murine and human melanoma cell lines was tested alone and in combination with BRAF inhibitor Vemurafenib. Our results revealed a potent cytotoxic effect of Ocoxin against melanoma cells and a synergic effect when combined with Vemurafenib, reducing viability and increasing apoptosis. Besides, Ocoxin interferes with the cell cycle, impairs the inherent and fibroblast-mediated melanoma cell migration, and reduces resistance to BRAF inhibition. Proteomic anal. revealed reduced tumor secretion of inflammatory factors Galectin-1, Osteopontin, CCL5, and CCL9 upon treatment with Ocoxin. Moreover, RNASeq showed that Ocoxin downregulated the cell cycle and proliferation-related genes. In vivo, Ocoxin reduced the number of lung metastasis of YUMM-1.7 melanoma cells. Therefore, Ocoxin arises as a good candidate for clin. trials analyzing the beneficial effects in patients suffering from this cutaneous malignancy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impacts of Aegle marmelos fruit extract as a medicinal herb on growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses, digestive enzymes, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was written by Wangkahart, Eakapol;Wachiraamonloed, Suriyet;Lee, Po-Tsang;Subramani, Parasuraman Aiya;Qi, Zhitao;Wang, Bei. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Aegle marmelos fruit (AMF) extract on the growth performance, biochem. parameters, immune response, antioxidative capacity, and digestive enzyme activity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were fed a diet supplemented with AMF at concentrations of 0 (AMF0; control), 5 (AMF5), 10 (AMF10), 15 (AMF15), or 20 (AMF20) g/kg for 8 wk. The results show that the final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher in fish fed AMF15 and AMF20 compared to those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and non-specific immune responses were observed in groups fed AMF15 and AMF20. Interestingly, the level of cholesterol decreased with increasing AMF concentrations in the diet. As dietary AMF levels increased, digestive enzyme activities significantly improved. After the feeding trial, fish were injected i.p. with Streptococcus agalactiae, and the 14-day cumulative mortality was calculated A high survival rate after challenge with S. agalactiae was observed in all groups that received AMF-supplemented feed. Therefore, the present study suggests that supplementing the diet of Nile tilapia with AMF at a concentration of 20 g/kg could encourage their growth, improve their immunity and antioxidant status, and provide strong protection against S. agalactiae. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6HPLC of Formula: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts