Tag: 400-500

Dietary inclusion of mineral detoxified nano-sulfur dispersion on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emission, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs was written by Thamaraikannan, Mohankumar;Park, Insun;Kim, In Ho. And the article was included in Canadian Journal of Animal Science in 2021.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

This study is to evaluate the effects of mineral detoxified nano-sulfur dispersion (DSD) on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emissions, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 54.90 ± 5.10 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments including basal diet and basal diet with 10 ppm DSD. During the 10 wk trial, there were no differences in BW, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio between the control and DSD groups. Also, the fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emission were not affected by DSD diet. Dietary inclusion of DSD tended to increase water-holding capacity and decrease cooking loss and drip loss. At week 5, serum concentrations of glucose, calcium (Ca), total cholesterol, and high-d. level cholesterol were increased, and triglyceride concentration was reduced in pigs fed with DSD than control diets. In summary, the inclusion of dietary DSD in the finishing pig diet has improved serum Ca, glucose concentrations, and lipid profiles as well as improves some meat quality traits. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of replacement genetically modified soybean meal by a mixture of: Linseed cake, sunflower cake, guar meal and linseed oil in laying hens diet. Production results and eggs quality was written by Damaziak, K.;Riedel, J.;Marzec, A.;Kowalska, H.;Niemiec, J.;Gozdowski, D.;Cholcha, I.. And the article was included in Animal Feed Science and Technology in 2021.SDS of cas: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

The Kulmilk (KulM) preparation containing linseed cake (300 g/kg), sunflower cake (350 g/kg), guar meal (300 g/kg) and linseed oil (50 g/kg) was studied as alternative to genetically modified soybean meal (GM SBM) in the diet of laying hens. Two hundred forty hens maintained in cages were divided into 5 groups (8 hens per cage x 6 replications). From 18 wk of life, the hens were fed five diets for 33 wks: Control without KulM, and A, B, C, D with resp. KulM content: 109, 170, 222 and 292 g/kg replacing GM SBM. Laying performance, egg weight, conversion ratio and hen mortality was continuously controlled throughout the experiment Hen body weight was determined on 0 and 32 wk of production On 7, 15 and 23 wk of laying, anal. of fresh eggs and eggs were stored for 21 d was performed (20 eggs per group). On 7 and 23 wk of hen laying, cholesterol level and fatty acid profile was determined on fresh eggs and eggs stored for 21 d (6 eggs per group). Sensory assessment of eggs was performed on eggs 15 wks laying. Introduction of KulM to the diet replacing GM SBM contributed to increas laying performance, reduced mean egg weight and the final hen body weight but it did not influence the weight of eggs per hen, conversion ratio and mortality. The best production results were obtained in group A. Pos. impact of KulM was observed on the albumen quality and the yolk index of fresh and stored eggs, as well as reduction of yolk adhesiveness after 21 d. Cholesterol level in yolks depended on the laying performance, thus KulM had indirect influenced on its reduction, especially in group A. Linear relationship was demonstrated between KulM level and reduction of SFA acids, particularly of C16:0 acid. KulM contributed to increas share of C18:1, C18:3 and C22:6 acids and reduction of C20:1 and C18:2 acids in the yolk. The influence of KulM on the content of individual mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed primarily in group D. No impact of KulM on the sensory quality of eggs could be demonstrated. In summary, KulM can be recommended as a safe and efficient substitute of GM SBM in laying hens diet, particularly at a concentration of the diet at 109 g/kg. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6SDS of cas: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Possibility mitigation of cold stress in Nile tilapia under biofloc system by dietary propylene glycol: Performance feeding status, immune, physiological responses and transcriptional response of delta-9-desaturase gene was written by Soaudy, Mohamed R.;Mohammady, Eman Y.;Ashry, Mohamed A.;Ali, Marwa M.;Ahmed, Nasr M.;Hegab, Mahmoud H.;Elgarhy, Hoda A. S.;El-Haroun, Ehab R.;Hassaan, Mohamed S.. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

This trial was conducted to study the ability of dietary propylene glycol to mitigate winter stress of Nile tilapia under biofloc system. Nile tilapia (average initial weight = 28.50 ± 0.25 g) were fed three isonitrogenous (257.75 g kg-1 crude protein) diets for 47 days in winter season. The first diet was free added with propylene glycol (PG) control. The other two diets were supplemented with 5 mL and 7.5 mL PG kg-1 diet, resp. At the end of feeding trial, the highest survival rate (P < 0.05) was observed in tilapia fed the diet supplemented with 7.5 mL PG kg-1 diet. A linear response in weight gain (WG; P = 0.034), specific growth rate (SGR; P = 0.041) and protein efficiency ratio (PER; P = 0.038) of tilapia were found by the increase in the PG levels in diets. The supplemental diets with PG did not induce any significant differences (P > 0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI) of fish. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alk. phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol, triglyceride and low d. of lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were linearly decreased in response to the increased the PG level. Also, linear increase in serum total protein, albumin, globulin and lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found in response to supplementation of PG. Significant linear increased in the concentration of serum ions; sodium, calcium and chloride were observed with increasing the PG level. Significant linear increased were found in superoxide dismutase (SOD; P = 0.035), catalase (CAT; P = 0.001), glutathione (GSH; P = 0.056) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx; P = 0.048) for fish fed 5- or 7.5-mL PG kg-1 under cold stress, with the highest values in fish fed 7.5 mL PG kg-1. While, the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA; P = 0.023) was linearly reduced with increasing of the PG levels in fish diets, with the lowest value in group fed supplemental diet with 7.5 mL kg-1 PG. The response of glucose (P = 0.026) and cortisol (P = 0.193) of fish in cold stress for 47 days were linearly with increasing PG supplementation. The transcription of Δ 9D gene of fish reared under cold stress was linearly up regulated (linear, P = 0.001) with increasing dietary PG level. In conclusion, diet supplemented with 7.5 mL kg-1 PG could decrease the mortality, and enhance the physiol. status as well as transcription of Δ 9D gene of fish reared under cold stress. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Diet impacts on the biological aspects of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled laboratory conditions was written by Ihsan, Arbab;Khan, Khalid Ali;Sagir, Muhammad;Nawaz, Ahmad;Fiaz, Sajid;Yasmin, Farkhanda;Rasheed, Majeeda;Ali, Habib;Shaheen, Musarrat;Mahmoud, Samy F.;Sayed, Samy;Ur Rahman, Shafeeq;Bilal, Yasir;Ramzan, Muhammad;Nazir, Talha;Khan, Shumaila;Waqas, Muhammad Mohsin;Tayyib, Muhammad;Hussain, Fiaz;Ali, Muhammad Yousaf. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2021.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of Asia and preferably invasion on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop as a commendatory host plant. Com., G. hirsutum is known as white gold and is an important cash crop all over the globe. Limited studies were published to focus on certain dietary compositions against different cotton pests. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in the laboratory under controlled conditions (temperature: 27 ± 2°C and relative humidity: 60 ± 10%) to determine the impact of three different treatment diets (wheat germ meal, okra, and chickpea) on the biol. aspects (lifetime, developmental period) of P. gossypiella. Results revealed that the shortest larval time of P. gossypiella was observed on the okra feed diet while the longest period was recorded on the wheat germ diet. Meanwhile, the pupation delay was noted on the wheat germ diet. The dietary influence was also observed on adult stages of female and male P. gossypiella (43.00 and 37.50 days resp.) and compared with a standard diet (56.50 and 52.50 days resp.). Furthermore, larval weighed more on the okra and chickpea diet followed by the wheat germ diet, whereas highest pupal weight was observed on the standard diet followed by the chickpea diet and okra diet. Developmental parameters were significantly variant across all treatment diets, whereas the higher significant difference was reported on the okra diet. Therefore, the existing data of this study offers fruitful interventions for the future as a modified diet for large-scale and rapid mass production of P. gossypiella larvae. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance, water quality, blood parameters and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was written by Saleh, Elham S. E.;Tawfeek, Samar S.;Abdel-Fadeel, Asmaa A. A.;Abdel-Daim, Asmaa S. A.;Abdel-Razik, Abdel-Razik H.;Youssef, Ibrahim M. I.. And the article was included in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition in 2022.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using protease in diets of Nile tilapia on growth performance, water quality, blood parameters and intestinal morphol. The cost of these diets and their return on fish performance was calculated A total of 360 fish were randomly allocated into four groups with triplicates (30 fish per replicate). Four diets were formulated; two controls (without protease supplementation) and two exptl. diets (supplemented with protease). The first control diet contained the normal protein requirement (30% CP; control +ve), while the second control had a low protein content (29% CP; control -ve). The third diet was supplemented with protease at a dose of 500 g/ton, and its CP content was reduced to 29.0%, by reducing the fish meal content. The fourth diet contained the same CP level as the first control (30%) and supplemented with 250 g protease per ton feed. The experiment lasted for 14 wk. The results showed that body weight and length, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in the control -ve group (low CP) supplemented with protease were similar (p > 0.05) to that of the control +ve with normal CP content. However, these performance parameters were lower (p < 0.05) in fish fed low CP diet without protease supplementation. Providing protease to the control +ve diet improved all measured performance indexes. The ammonia and nitrite concentrations of the water were reduced (p < 0.05) in control -ve and protease-supplemented groups. The height and width of intestinal villi were increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed diets containing protease. The inclusion of protease reduced the diet cost and also the feed cost of fish weight gain. In conclusion, supplementation of protease can improve the productive performance of fish, spare dietary protein and produce economical diets. Moreover, it can help in improving the water quality of fish via lowering the ammonia and nitrite contents, or through increasing the degradation of dietary protein. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of graded levels of dietary emamectin benzoate on immunity, enzyme activity, and withdrawal period in Labeo rohita juveniles (Hamilton, 1822) was written by Choudhary, Pushpa;Swain, Priyabrat;Das, Rakesh;Sahoo, Satya Narayan;Das, Krushna Chandra;Patil, Prasanna Kumar;Mishra, Sudhansu Sekhar. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary emamectin benzoate (EB) levels on immune responses, serum enzyme activities, and retention of EB in muscle tissue to establish the withdrawal period in rohu, Labeo rohita juveniles (avg. weight 18 ± 0.11 g). To ascertain this, 450 healthy L. rohita juveniles were fed with EB in graded doses viz., at 50 (1x), 125 (2.5x), 250 (5x), and 375 (7.5x) μg kg-1 of fish biomass day-1, resp., in triplicate for 21 days through a basal feed. Upon completion of 21 days, the same exptl. fish were fed with basal feed (without EB) for another 14 days to measure the retention of EB in the muscle tissue. Each 7-day interval, five fish were randomly sampled. The results showed that respiratory burst activity, myeloperoxidase activity, bacterial hemagglutination, and haemolysis activities were improved significantly (p < 0.05) in 1x and 2.5x dose fed group from 7th day onwards until 14th day. Few selected enzyme activities viz., LDH and ALP were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) high in the fish fed with EB at 5x and 7.5x dose compared to 1x. The LC-MS/MS study of the exptl. fish discloses that EB was retained in muscle tissue at a dose-dependent manner and significantly (p < 0.05) lowest level (0.341 ± 0.03 ppb) was retained in the fish fed with 1x dose of EB. Hence, 1x dose of EB may be adhered to treat L. rohita juveniles through feed with 14 days of withdrawal period. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biodiesel-derived glycerol as a dietary maize replacement for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) during the fattening phase was written by Mauerwerk, Marlise Teresinha;Zadinelo, Izabel Volkweis;Dias, Patricia da Silva;Balen, Rafael Ernesto;Bombardelli, Robie Allan;Meurer, Fabio. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2022.Product Details of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of crude biodiesel-derived glycerol on the zootech. performance, carcass and fillet chem. composition, and blood parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) during the fattening phase. A total of 150 adult silver catfish specimens (mean weight 188.89 ± 0.60 g) were distributed in thirty 1000 L-tanks containing a water recirculation system with mech. filter and biofilter, in a completely randomized design comprising six treatments, 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% maize replacement by glycerol, with five repetitions each. The experiment was conducted for 206 days. Silver catfish morphometric parameters were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the glycerol maize replacement, although silver catfish standard length and width exhibited linear improvements (p < 0.05) with the dietary glycerol replacement. Fillet yield was affected (p < 0.05) by glycerol maize replacement, where the 80% replacement treatment led to better fillet yields (46.04%), differing only from the 20% replacement treatment (42.40% fillet yields). The blood plasma levels of glucose, pyruvic glutamic transaminase and triglycerides were influenced by the treatments (p < 0.05). The crude protein of fillet was influenced by the treatments (p < 0.05), where the highest value was observed in 100% glycerol maize replacement. Therefore, crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production is a suitable alternative energy source ingredient for silver catfish during their fattening phase, as it can replace maize in up to 100%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Product Details of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Formulation of infant formula with different casein fractions and their effects on physical properties and digestion characteristics was written by Zhang, Junpeng;Du, Xinyu;Jiang, Shilong;Xie, Qinggang;Mu, Guangqing;Wu, Xiaomeng. And the article was included in Food & Function in 2022.SDS of cas: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

This study investigated whether casein (CN) fractions exhibit better phys. properties and digestibility than native casein micelles presently used in the production of infant formula. The structural performance of native casein micelles (micellar casein concentrates, MCC), β-CN, κ-CN and β + κ-CN were explored, and phys. properties and digestion characteristics (i.e., digestibility, particle size, zeta potential and microscopic morphol.) of the infant formula with MCC, β-CN, κ-CN or β + κ-CN were determined to elucidate the applicability of these casein types in infant formula. Results indicated that the β + κ-CN infant formula solution had the largest particle size with the most unstable potential. Moreover, both β-CN and κ-CN infant formula showed high solubility, while κ-CN displayed the lowest foaming capacity and high foaming stability. β-CN infant formula expressed an effective digestibility property, however, it possessed the largest particle size after gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, β-CN fraction infant formula showed better digestibility than casein infant formula, and thus this work provides a theor. basis for the development of infant formula. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6SDS of cas: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.SDS of cas: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary tributyrin on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with high level soybean oil diets was written by Xu, Ning;Ding, Tao;Liu, Yongtao;Zheng, Weiqiang;Liu, Qiangde;Yin, Zhaoyang;Xiang, Xiaojun;Xu, Dan;Mai, Kangsen;Ai, Qinghui. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

A 10-wk feed trial was conducted to investigate the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on growth performance, body composition, serum biochem. indexes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed diets containing high level of soybean oil. In the neg. control group, 80 g/kg fish oil was used as the only lipid source (FO group), while in the pos. control group, 20 g/kg fish oil and 60 g/kg soybean oil were used as the lipid source (FS group). Based on the pos. control diet, grade levels of 1, 2, 4 and 8 g/kg tributyrin were added, resp. Results showed that compared with the neg. control group, high level of dietary soybean oil significantly decreased the growth performance and increased the liver lipids deposition of juvenile large yellow croaker. Compared with the pos. control group, supplementation of 2 g/kg tributyrin significantly increased the growth performance and reduced the liver triglycerides and serum cholesterol content of juvenile large yellow croaker. Supplementation of 4 g/kg tributyrin significantly decreased liver triglycerides and serum cholesterol and free fatty acids content of juvenile large yellow croaker. Moreover, supplementation of 2 and 4 g/kg tributyrin significantly decreased the expression of acc, srebp-1, and pparγ and significantly increased the expression of cpt1. Results of the present study indicated that moderate tributyrin supplementation in diet containing high level of soybean oil could promote growth performance and reduce liver fat accumulation and hyperlipidemia of cultured juvenile large yellow croaker, which could be due to the decrease in lipogenesis-related genes expression and the increase in lipid oxidation-related genes expression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of vitamins and metal ions on productivity and charge heterogeneity of IgG1 expressed in CHO cells was written by Gangwar, Neelesh;Mishra, Rishabh;Budholiya, Niharika;Rathore, Anurag S.. And the article was included in Biotechnology Journal in 2021.Reference of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Recombinant monoclonal antibodies have emerged as the most successful modality of biotherapeutics. They are primarily expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. It is well known that post-translational modifications (PTM) contribute significantly to heterogeneity with respect to charge, glycosylation, and size. These attributes in turn impact stability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the biotherapeutic product. Cell culture media components are known to significantly contribute to both cellular productivity as well as post-translational modifications. Thus, it is highly desirable to understand how media components affect product quality. This study aims to explore the impact of vitamins and metal ions on protein expression and post-translational modifications specifically charge heterogeneity. Biotin, choline chloride, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride vitamins and Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Zn, Mn, Ni metal ions were examined in this study. The results indicate that pyridoxine enhances productivity while Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and biotin impact charge heterogeneity. While, Fe, Mn and Ni enhance production of the acidic variants, Cu and biotin inhibit it. Zn reduces formation of basic variants while biotin enhances it. The results from this investigation could be used for process control so as to get consistent charge variant profile, in particular for biosimilars. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Reference of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts