Cheng, Xin et al. published their research in Phytochemical Analysis in 2022 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major components in Qinghao Biejia decoction by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion-MS/MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and evaluation of their antibacterial activities was written by Cheng, Xin;Li, Biao-Ping;Han, Zhong-Xiao;Zhang, Feng-Lin;Jiang, Zhi-Rui;Yang, Jia-Shun;Luo, Qi-Zhi;Tang, Ling. And the article was included in Phytochemical Analysis in 2022.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

In the present study, the chem. components of Qinghao Biejia decoction (QBD) were qual. and quant. analyzed using UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion-MS/MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS techniques, followed by identification of each components origin and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of QBD and its components. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to obtain information on the precise mol. weight, retention time, and fragmentation ion peaks of the compounds used to identify the components of QBD and establish a method for their quantification. In vitro assays including determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration and growth curves were used to assess the antibacterial activity of QBD and its components. A total of 39 components, including fatty acids, phenolic acids, amino acids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, were identified by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion-MS/MS. A high-performance anal. method was also established to quantify 12 components of QBD. The content of mangiferin was relatively high (estimated to be 814μg/g). The results of the antibacterial assays indicated that mangiferin exhibits antibacterial effects against two strains causing respiratory tract infections. The present study suggests that mangiferin may serve as a natural compound which shows high antibacterial activity. The results can aid the discovery and anal. of the active antimicrobial components present in QBD and further provide a reference for quality assessment of multi-component herbal prescriptions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Xiaoyue et al. published their research in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Effects of dietary chenodeoxycholic acid supplementation in a low fishmeal diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, autophagy and intestinal health of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was written by Li, Xiaoyue;Yao, Xinzhou;Zhang, Xinchen;Dong, Xiaohui;Chi, Shuyan;Tan, Beiping;Zhang, Shuang;Xie, Shiwei. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

An 8-wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on growth performance, body composition, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei fed a low fishmeal diet. Four practical diets were formulated: HFM (25% fishmeal), LFM (15% fishmeal), LB1 (LFM + 0.04% CDCA), LB2 (LFM + 0.08% CDCA). Each diet was assigned to four tanks with forty shrimp (initial weight 0.33 ± 0.03 g) per tank. The results indicated that the growth performance of shrimp were similar between the four groups; the crude lipid content of shrimp fed the LB2 diet was significantly lower than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). The lipase activity content in hepatopancreatic were significantly higher in the two CDCA supplemented groups than that in LFM group; the contents of total cholesterol, low-d. lipoprotein cholesterol, high-d. lipoprotein cholesterol in hemolymph were significantly lower in LFM group, LB1 group and LB2 group than that in HFM group (P < 0.05). The shrimp fed LB1 diet was significantly decreased the intestinal expression levels of tube than those fed in HFM diet; the intestinal gene expression of imd and toll were significantly lower in LB2 group than those in HFM group (P < 0.05). The results of hepatopancreas gene expression suggest that shrimp fed the LFM diet showed significantly upregulated expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt-1) than those fed the HFM diet; shrimp fed the LB1 diet showed significantly upregulated expression levels of srebp, acc, and AMP-activated protein kinase (ampk) than those fed the HFM diet; shrimp fed the LB2 diet had higher expression levels of srebp, acc, and cpt-1 than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). In the hepatopancreas, the shrimp fed the LFM diet shown significantly up-regulated the expression levels of beclin1 compared to those fed HFM diet; the expression levels of autophagy-related protein13 (atg3), autophagy-related protein 12 (atg12) of in shrimp fed the LB1 diet were significantly higher than those fed the HFM diet; and the expression levels of autophagy-related protein13 (atg13), beclin1, atg3, atg12, autophagy-related protein 9 (atg9) of shrimp fed LB2 diet were significantly higher than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). The atg3 in intestine of shrimp fed the LB2 diet were significantly higher than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). Intestinal mucous fold were damaged, hepatic tubules were disorganized and B cells appeared to be swollen in LFM group. The fold height and width of shrimp fed the diets supplemented with CDCA increased significantly than those fed the LFM diet (P < 0.05), the hepatic tubules were neatly arranged, and R cells increased. In conclusion, supplementary CDCA in a low fishmeal diet promoted lipid metabolism, enhanced autophagy of shrimp, also improved the health of the intestine and hepatopancreas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

He, Lingyun et al. published their research in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Effects of dietary replacement of fish oil with soybean oil on the growth performance, plasma components, fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism of groupers Epinephelus coioides was written by He, Lingyun;Qin, Yingmei;Wang, Yanfei;Li, Dong;Chen, Weijun;Ye, Jidan. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of substituting soybean oil (SO) for fish oil (FO) on the performance, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, plasma components, liver metabolic enzyme activity and mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of groupers (Epinephelus coioides). We formulated five isolipidic and isoproteic diets with increasing SO levels (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg, resp.). Triplicate groups of 30 groupers (initial mean body weight of 12.6 g/fish) were fed one of the diets twice daily, to apparent satiety across a feeding period of 56 days. The growth performance, whole-body composition, and protein and lipid muscle contents did not differ across the dietary treatments. In contrast, the liver lipid content had pos. linear and quadratic responses to the increasing dietary SO levels, but the liver protein content had the opposite trend, and the highest lipid value and lowest protein value occurred in the 250 and 1000 g/kg SO diets, resp. There were no significant effects of increasing dietary SO inclusion levels on any of the plasma components and parameters of liver metabolic enzyme activity, except for acetyl CoA carboxylase and hepatic lipase, which showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing dietary SO inclusion levels and peaked at 1000 and 250 g/kg SO inclusion level, resp. However, the FA profiles of the dorsal muscle and liver generally reflected the FA profile of the diet. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of fas, acc, g6pd, lpl, pparα, cpt-1, srebp-1c, δ6fad and elovl5 in the liver exhibited pos. linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary SO inclusion levels. However, neg. linear and/or quadratic responses were observed for the mRNA levels of hsl and atgl in the liver, with increasing dietary SO inclusion levels. The mRNA levels of scd and fabp in the liver were not affected by the dietary SO inclusion level. These results indicate that FO could be replaced completely by SO without affecting growth. However, the inclusion of SO at levels higher than 500 g/kg could compromise the FA profile in the liver and flesh of the fish species. These results provide a novel insight into the potential utilization of SO in grouper feeds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Teodosio, Rita et al. published their research in Aquaculture in 2021 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

A nutritional strategy to promote gilthead seabream performance under low temperatures was written by Teodosio, Rita;Aragao, Claudia;Colen, Rita;Carrilho, Raquel;Dias, Jorge;Engrola, Sofia. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is vulnerable to low water temperature, which may occur in the Southern Europe and Mediterranean region during Winter. Fish are poikilothermic animals, therefore feed intake, digestion, metabolism and ultimately growth are affected by water temperature This study aimed to evaluate growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient apparent digestibility, and nitrogen losses to the environment in gilthead seabream juveniles reared under low temperature (∼13 °C). Three isolipid and isoenergetic diets were formulated: a diet similar to a com. feed (COM) that contained 44% crude protein and 27.5% fishmeal, and two exptl. diets with a lower protein content of 42% (ECO and ECOSup). In both ECO diets fishmeal inclusion was reduced (10% in ECO and 7.5% in ECOSup diet) and 15% poultry meal was included. Addnl., the ECOSup diet was supplemented with a mix of feed additives intended to promote fish growth performance and feed intake. The ECO diets presented lower production costs than the COM diet, while incorporating more sustainable ingredients. Gilthead seabream juveniles (±154.5 g initial body weight) were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks and fed the diets for 84 days. Fish fed the ECOSup diet attained a similar final body weight than fish fed the COM diet, significantly higher than fish fed the ECO diet. ECOSup fed fish presented significantly higher hepatosomatic index than COM fed fish, most likely due to higher hepatic glycogen reserves. The viscerosomatic index of ECOSup fed fish were significantly lower compared to COM fed fish, which is a pos. achievement from a consumer′s point of view. ECOSup diet exhibited similar nutrient digestibility than the COM diet. Moreover, feeding fish with the ECO diets resulted in lower faecal nitrogen losses when compared to COM fed fish. The results suggest that feeding gilthead seabream with an eco-friendly diet with a mix of feed additives such as the ECOSup diet, promoted growth and minimised nitrogen losses to the environment. Nutritional strategies that ultimately promote feed intake and diet utilization are valuable tools that may help conditioning fish to sustain growth even under low temperatures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cheng, Xin et al. published their research in Phytochemical Analysis in 2022 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major components in Qinghao Biejia decoction by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion-MS/MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and evaluation of their antibacterial activities was written by Cheng, Xin;Li, Biao-Ping;Han, Zhong-Xiao;Zhang, Feng-Lin;Jiang, Zhi-Rui;Yang, Jia-Shun;Luo, Qi-Zhi;Tang, Ling. And the article was included in Phytochemical Analysis in 2022.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

In the present study, the chem. components of Qinghao Biejia decoction (QBD) were qual. and quant. analyzed using UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion-MS/MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS techniques, followed by identification of each components origin and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of QBD and its components. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to obtain information on the precise mol. weight, retention time, and fragmentation ion peaks of the compounds used to identify the components of QBD and establish a method for their quantification. In vitro assays including determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration and growth curves were used to assess the antibacterial activity of QBD and its components. A total of 39 components, including fatty acids, phenolic acids, amino acids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, were identified by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion-MS/MS. A high-performance anal. method was also established to quantify 12 components of QBD. The content of mangiferin was relatively high (estimated to be 814μg/g). The results of the antibacterial assays indicated that mangiferin exhibits antibacterial effects against two strains causing respiratory tract infections. The present study suggests that mangiferin may serve as a natural compound which shows high antibacterial activity. The results can aid the discovery and anal. of the active antimicrobial components present in QBD and further provide a reference for quality assessment of multi-component herbal prescriptions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Xiaoyue et al. published their research in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Effects of dietary chenodeoxycholic acid supplementation in a low fishmeal diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, autophagy and intestinal health of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was written by Li, Xiaoyue;Yao, Xinzhou;Zhang, Xinchen;Dong, Xiaohui;Chi, Shuyan;Tan, Beiping;Zhang, Shuang;Xie, Shiwei. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

An 8-wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on growth performance, body composition, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei fed a low fishmeal diet. Four practical diets were formulated: HFM (25% fishmeal), LFM (15% fishmeal), LB1 (LFM + 0.04% CDCA), LB2 (LFM + 0.08% CDCA). Each diet was assigned to four tanks with forty shrimp (initial weight 0.33 ± 0.03 g) per tank. The results indicated that the growth performance of shrimp were similar between the four groups; the crude lipid content of shrimp fed the LB2 diet was significantly lower than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). The lipase activity content in hepatopancreatic were significantly higher in the two CDCA supplemented groups than that in LFM group; the contents of total cholesterol, low-d. lipoprotein cholesterol, high-d. lipoprotein cholesterol in hemolymph were significantly lower in LFM group, LB1 group and LB2 group than that in HFM group (P < 0.05). The shrimp fed LB1 diet was significantly decreased the intestinal expression levels of tube than those fed in HFM diet; the intestinal gene expression of imd and toll were significantly lower in LB2 group than those in HFM group (P < 0.05). The results of hepatopancreas gene expression suggest that shrimp fed the LFM diet showed significantly upregulated expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt-1) than those fed the HFM diet; shrimp fed the LB1 diet showed significantly upregulated expression levels of srebp, acc, and AMP-activated protein kinase (ampk) than those fed the HFM diet; shrimp fed the LB2 diet had higher expression levels of srebp, acc, and cpt-1 than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). In the hepatopancreas, the shrimp fed the LFM diet shown significantly up-regulated the expression levels of beclin1 compared to those fed HFM diet; the expression levels of autophagy-related protein13 (atg3), autophagy-related protein 12 (atg12) of in shrimp fed the LB1 diet were significantly higher than those fed the HFM diet; and the expression levels of autophagy-related protein13 (atg13), beclin1, atg3, atg12, autophagy-related protein 9 (atg9) of shrimp fed LB2 diet were significantly higher than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). The atg3 in intestine of shrimp fed the LB2 diet were significantly higher than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). Intestinal mucous fold were damaged, hepatic tubules were disorganized and B cells appeared to be swollen in LFM group. The fold height and width of shrimp fed the diets supplemented with CDCA increased significantly than those fed the LFM diet (P < 0.05), the hepatic tubules were neatly arranged, and R cells increased. In conclusion, supplementary CDCA in a low fishmeal diet promoted lipid metabolism, enhanced autophagy of shrimp, also improved the health of the intestine and hepatopancreas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

He, Lingyun et al. published their research in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Effects of dietary replacement of fish oil with soybean oil on the growth performance, plasma components, fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism of groupers Epinephelus coioides was written by He, Lingyun;Qin, Yingmei;Wang, Yanfei;Li, Dong;Chen, Weijun;Ye, Jidan. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of substituting soybean oil (SO) for fish oil (FO) on the performance, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, plasma components, liver metabolic enzyme activity and mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of groupers (Epinephelus coioides). We formulated five isolipidic and isoproteic diets with increasing SO levels (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg, resp.). Triplicate groups of 30 groupers (initial mean body weight of 12.6 g/fish) were fed one of the diets twice daily, to apparent satiety across a feeding period of 56 days. The growth performance, whole-body composition, and protein and lipid muscle contents did not differ across the dietary treatments. In contrast, the liver lipid content had pos. linear and quadratic responses to the increasing dietary SO levels, but the liver protein content had the opposite trend, and the highest lipid value and lowest protein value occurred in the 250 and 1000 g/kg SO diets, resp. There were no significant effects of increasing dietary SO inclusion levels on any of the plasma components and parameters of liver metabolic enzyme activity, except for acetyl CoA carboxylase and hepatic lipase, which showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing dietary SO inclusion levels and peaked at 1000 and 250 g/kg SO inclusion level, resp. However, the FA profiles of the dorsal muscle and liver generally reflected the FA profile of the diet. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of fas, acc, g6pd, lpl, pparα, cpt-1, srebp-1c, δ6fad and elovl5 in the liver exhibited pos. linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary SO inclusion levels. However, neg. linear and/or quadratic responses were observed for the mRNA levels of hsl and atgl in the liver, with increasing dietary SO inclusion levels. The mRNA levels of scd and fabp in the liver were not affected by the dietary SO inclusion level. These results indicate that FO could be replaced completely by SO without affecting growth. However, the inclusion of SO at levels higher than 500 g/kg could compromise the FA profile in the liver and flesh of the fish species. These results provide a novel insight into the potential utilization of SO in grouper feeds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fu, Yonghao et al. published their research in Aquaculture in 2022 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C18H32CaN2O10

Effects of dietary chromium yeast levels on growth performance, anti-oxidative capacity, immune response and flesh quality of abalone Haliotis discus hannai was written by Fu, Yonghao;Guo, Jinshu;Wu, Zhenhua;Yu, Xiaojun;Guo, Yanlin;Huang, Dong;Li, Xinxin;Zhang, Wenbing;Mai, Kangsen. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2022.Electric Literature of C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

A 110-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chromium (Cr) on the growth performance, immune response, anti-oxidative capacity, stress resistance, flesh quality of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic exptl. diets were formulated with graded levels of Cr (0.04, 0.67, 1.21, 1.58, 2.21, 2.72 and 3.33 mg/kg) from Cr yeast. The results showed that weight gain rate (WGR) was highest in the group with 1.21 mg/kg of dietary Cr. Based on the broken-line regression anal. for WGR, the dietary Cr requirement of abalone was estimated to be 1.32 mg/kg. With the increase of dietary Cr level from 0.04 to 1.21 mg/kg, the total anti-oxidative capacity and lysozyme activity in the cell-free hemolymph were increased and then decreased when the dietary Cr level exceeded 1.21 mg/kg. After the challenge of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the cumulative mortality of abalone was significantly decreased in the group with 1.21 mg/kg of dietary Cr compared with that in the control group. Meanwhile, after the heat stress test, the cumulative mortality of abalone was significantly reduced in the groups with 1.58, 2.21 and 2.72 mg/kg of dietary Cr compared with that in the control group. The liquid and water loss of foot muscle were significantly increased in the groups with 2.72 and 3.33 mg/kg of dietary Cr. With the increase of dietary Cr levels, the hardness of foot muscle was significantly elevated. The chewiness of foot muscle was significantly increased with the increase of dietary Cr level from 0.04 to 1.21 mg/kg, and thereafter showed no significant difference when dietary Cr exceeded 1.21 mg/kg. In conclusion, based on the WGR, dietary Cr requirement of abalone (initial weight: 22.31 卤 0.31 g) was estimated to be 1.32 mg/kg. Appropriate dietary Cr levels (1.21-1.58 mg/kg) had pos. effects on growth performance, immune response, anti-oxidation, anti-stress and flesh quality of abalone. Overhigh dietary Cr level (2.72-3.33 mg/kg) decreased the flesh quality. Excessive dietary Cr level (3.33 mg/kg) had a neg. effect on the health of abalone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Electric Literature of C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Opazo-Navarrete, Mauricio et al. published their research in Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (New York, NY, United States) in 2021 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Traditional Vegetables from Southern Chile as Potential Sources of Natural Ingredients was written by Opazo-Navarrete, Mauricio;Burgos-Diaz, Cesar;Soto-Cerda, Braulio;Barahona, Tamara;Anguita-Barrales, Fresia;Mosi-Roa, Yohanna. And the article was included in Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (New York, NY, United States) in 2021.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

There is an increasing interest in consuming healthy foods motivated by the need of boosting the immune system naturally. In this sense, vegetables rich in bioactive compounds are a clear example of “superfoods” that promotes overall health and strengthen the immune response. Therefore, in this study eight traditional vegetables usually produced in southern Chile (pea, corn, carrot, leek, spinach, chard, coriander and parsley) were characterized in terms of their nutritional composition to evaluate their potential as lyophilized natural ingredients. Thus, chem. composition, amino acid profile, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and pesticide residues were evaluated. Green leafy vegetables resulted to be an excellent source of proteins and dietary fibers as well as vitamins (ascorbic acid, choline, alpha-tocopherol and niacin), minerals (calcium, phosphorus and iron), carotenoids and polyphenols. Among the eight vegetables assessed spinach exhibited the more balanced nutritional profile. Moreover, 332 pesticide residues were analyzed and only six were detected in a low concentration Due to their nutritional properties, the present results suggest that vegetables produced in southern Chile could be considered as promising alternatives to develop natural food ingredients. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bernabeu-Roda, Lydia M. et al. published their research in Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) in 2021 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Analyzing the Effect of Strigolactones on the Motility Behavior of Rhizobia was written by Bernabeu-Roda, Lydia M.;Lopez-Raez, Juan Antonio;Soto, Maria J.. And the article was included in Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) in 2021.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

In the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, strigolactones (SLs) promote root nodule formation; however, the exact mechanism underlying this pos. effect remains unknown. The recent finding that an SL receptor legume mutant shows a wild-type nodulation phenotype suggests that SLs influence the symbiosis by acting on the bacterial partner. In agreement with this, the application of the synthetic SL analog GR24 on the alfalfa symbiont Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti has been shown to stimulate swarming, a specialized bacterial surface motility, which could influence infection of legumes by Rhizobia. Surface motility assays for many bacteria, and particularly for Rhizobia, are challenging. The establishment of protocols to study bacterial surface motility is key to decipher the role of SLs as rhizosphere cues for rhizobacteria. In this chapter, we describe a set of protocols implemented to study the different types of motility exhibited by S. meliloti. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts