Tag: 300-400

Microwave-Assisted In Situ Synthesis of Poly L-Lactic Acid with Nanoparticles of Calcium Phosphate was written by Pandey, Anurag;Aswath, Pranesh. And the article was included in International Journal of Polymeric Materials in 2010.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A microwave reactor was used to polymerize lactic acid and/or calcium lactate in the presence of phosphoric acid or ammonium hydrogen phosphate. The polar nature of lactic acid makes it a strong absorber of microwave radiation, and when present in a nonpolar solvent such as chloroform, it is possible to conduct the polymerization reaction in a microwave reactor. Using calcium lactate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate it is possible to create nanoparticles of calcium phosphate within the matrix of poly lactic acid in situ during the polymerization FTIR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatog. were used to follow the polymerization process, and TEM was used to determine the size distribution of the calcium phosphate particles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Simple conversion of 3D electrospun nanofibrous cellulose acetate into a mechanically robust nanocomposite cellulose/calcium scaffold was written by Lee, Joshua;Moon, Joon Yeon;Lee, Jeong Chan;Hwang, Tae In;Park, Chan Hee;Kim, Cheol Sang. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Polymers in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5 This article mentions the following:

Cellulose and its derivatives are widely used as nanofibrous biomaterials, but obtaining 3D cellulose nanofibers is difficult and relevant research is scarce. In the present study, we propose a simple method for converting electrospun 3D cellulose acetate/lactic acid nanofibers via calcium hydroxide treatment into a 3D cellulose/calcium lactate nanocomposite matrix. The conversion resulted in producing a stronger nanofibrous matrix (1.382 MPa vs. 0.112 MPa) that is more hydrophilic and cell-friendly compared to the untreated cellulose acetate/lactic acid group. The successful conversion was verified via FTIR, XPS, TGA, DTG, and XRD. The ability of the scaffolds to provide a suitable environment for cell growth and infiltration was verified by CCK assay and confocal microscopy. The porous nature, mech. strength, and presence of calcium make the 3D cellulose/calcium lactate matrix a promising material for bone tissue engineering. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Expert opinion on existing and developing drugs to treat female sexual dysfunction was written by Miller, Melanie K.;Smith, Joshua R.;Norman, Jacqueline J.;Clayton, Anita H.. And the article was included in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs in 2018.Formula: C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a highly prevalent, yet commonly underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. This paper reviews the diagnostic terminol. for FSD, and basic sexual physiol. in women. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs for FSD are discussed, followed by investigational drugs for FSD currently in phase 2 or 3 clin. trials, reasons for failure of drug development, and potential future drug targets. A literature review was conducted for available treatments for FSD: flibanserin, estrogen, ospemifene and prasterone. Potential treatments are assessed, as was the Pharmaprojects database which includes clin. trial information. Testosterone, bremelanotide, bupropion-trazodone, PDE-5 inhibitors, prostaglandins, tibolone and combination therapies, and the theor. basis of potential drug targets are discussed. The lack of established endpoints for phase 3 studies of FSD has impeded approval of new treatments, and required addnl. studies for validation, resulting in proposed changes to the FDA draft guidance for FSD clin. trials in Oct. 2016. Current DSM-5 diagnostic nosol. also fails to capture the full range of symptomol. Several promising compounds have shown no movement for several years limiting women’s options. Overcoming socio-cultural bias against women’s sexual and reproductive health will be critical in the approval of new treatments for FSD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Formula: C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Formula: C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

An improved method in fabrication of smart dual-responsive nanogels for controlled release of doxorubicin and curcumin in HT-29 colon cancer cells was written by Abedi, Fatemeh;Davaran, Soodabeh;Hekmati, Malak;Akbarzadeh, Abolfazl;Baradaran, Behzad;Moghaddam, Sevil Vaghefi. And the article was included in Journal of Nanobiotechnology in 2021.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

Abstract: The combination therapy which has been proposed as the strategy for the cancer treatment could achieve a synergistic effect for cancer therapies and reduce the dosage of the applied drugs. On account of the the unique properties as the high absorbed water content, biocompatibility, and flexibility, the targeting nanogels have been considred as a suitable platform. Herein, a non-toxic pH/thermo-responsive hydrogel P(NIPAAm-co-DMAEMA) was synthesized and characterized through the free-radical polymerization and expanded upon an easy process for the preparation of the smart responsive nanogels; i.e., the nanogels were used for the efficient and controlled delivery of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and chemosensitizer curcumin (CUR) simultaneously like a promising strategy for the cancer treatment. The size of the nanogels, which were made, was about 70 nm which is relatively optimal for the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. The DOX and CUR co-loaded nanocarriers were prepared by the high encapsulation efficiency (EE). It is important to mention that the controlled drug release behavior of the nanocarriers was also investigated. An enhanced ability of DOX and CUR-loaded nanoformulation to induce the cell apoptosis in the HT-29 colon cancer cells which represented the greater antitumor efficacy than the single-drug formulations or free drugs was resulted through the In vitro cytotoxicity. Overall, according to the data, the simultaneous delivery of the dual drugs through the fabricated nanogels could synergistically potentiate the antitumor effects on the colon cancer (CC). [graphic not available: see fulltext]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of ospemifene on moderate or severe symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy was written by Bruyniks, N.;Nappi, R. E.;Castelo-Branco, C.;de Villiers, T. J.;Simon, J.. And the article was included in Climacteric in 2016.Application In Synthesis of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

To determine whether assessment of all moderate-to-severe symptoms at baseline gives a more accurate evaluation of the treatment effect of ospemifene in vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) than the most bothersome symptom (MBS) approach. Data were pooled from two pivotal phase-III clin. trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of oral ospemifene 60 mg/day for the treatment of symptoms of VVA (n = 1463 subjects). Symptoms of vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and vaginal and/or vulvar irritation/itching reported as moderate or severe at baseline were evaluated. Clin. relevant differences between ospemifene and placebo were analyzed using a four-point severity scoring system and presented as improvement, substantial improvement, or relief. Subjects in these studies reported statistically significant improvement, substantial improvement, and relief for vaginal dryness (p < 0.00001), dyspareunia (p < 0.001) and statistically significant improvement and relief for vaginal and/or vulvar irritation/itching (p < 0.01) from baseline to week 12 with ospemifene compared with placebo. A similar trend was observed for women who reported substantial improvement of vaginal and/or vulvar irritation/itching. For drug registration purposes, the use of the MBS model is appealing because of its simplicity and ease of scientific validation. However, the MBS model may underestimate the total magnitude of the clin. benefit of ospemifene treatment for symptomatic women suffering from VVA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Application In Synthesis of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of a thermoresponsive crosslinked MEO₂MA polymer coating on microclusters of iron oxide nanoparticles was written by Lapresta-Fernandez, Alejandro;Salinas-Castillo, Alfonso;Capitan-Vallvey, Luis Fermin. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.Application of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of iron (II, III) oxide (Fe₃O₄) with a thermopolymeric shell of a crosslinked poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) P(MEO₂MA) is successfully developed. Magnetic aggregates of large size, around 150-200 nm are obtained during the functionalization of the iron oxide NPs with vinyl groups by using 3-butenoic acid in the presence of a water soluble azo-initiator and a surfactant, at 70°C. These polymerizable groups provide a covalent attachment of the P(MEO₂MA) shell on the surface of the MNPs while a crosslinked network is achieved by including tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the precipitation polymerization synthesis. Temperature control is used to modulate the swelling-to-collapse transition volume until a maximum of around 21:1 ratio between the expanded: shrunk states (from 364 to 144 nm in diameter) between 9 and 49°C. The hybrid Fe₃O₄@P(MEO₂MA) microgel exhibits a lower critical solution temperature of 21.9°C below the corresponding value for P(MEO₂MA) (bulk, 26°C). The MEO₂MA coating performance in the hybrid microgel is characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The content of preformed MNPs [up to 30.2 (wt%) vs. microgel] was established by thermogravimetric anal. while magnetic properties by vibrating sample magnetometry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Application of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Optimization of the procedure for the synthesis of calcium lactate pentahydrate in laboratory and semi-industrial conditions was written by Uscumlic, Gordana S.;Trisovic, Nemanja P.;Dordevic, Irena N.;Valentic, Natasa V.;Petrovic, Slobodan D.. And the article was included in Hemijska Industrija in 2009.COA of Formula: C6H20CaO11 This article mentions the following:

This paper is concerned on the development of the optimal laboratory procedure for the synthesis of calcium lactate pentahydrate and the application of obtained results in a project for a semi-industrial installation for its production Calcium lactate is used as an additive in numerous food and pharmaceutical products. Basically, it has to satisfy quality requirements. That was the reason why the procedure for its synthesis had to be optimized in aspects of selection of reactants, their molar ratio, necessary laboratory equipment, reactant addition order, working temperature, isolation of final product from the reaction mixture, yield and product quality. A semi-industrial installation for the production of calcium lactate pentahydrate is projected on the basis of the results of this investigtion. The imprtance of this investigation arises from the fact that this salt is not produced in Serbia and the complete quantity (about 20 t per yr) is imported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5COA of Formula: C6H20CaO11).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C6H20CaO11

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ca pre-rinse greatly increases plaque and plaque fluid F was written by Vogel, G. L.;Schumacher, G. E.;Chow, L. C.;Takagi, S.;Carey, C. M.. And the article was included in Journal of Dental Research in 2008.Related Products of 5743-47-5 This article mentions the following:

Previous studies demonstrated that a Ca pre-treatment greatly increases salivary F from a subsequent NaF rinse. This study examines if these increases are found in plaque and plaque fluid F. Thirteen individuals accumulated plaque before rinsing with: (1) 12 mmol/L NaF (228 μg/g F), (2) 150 mmol/L Ca rinse, or (3) the Ca rinse followed by the F rinse. One hr later, plaque samples were collected, the plaque fluid was recovered, and the plaque residues were extracted 5 times with pH 6.8 or pH 4.8 buffers, and then by acid. The F in each extract after the Ca rinse/F rinse greatly exceeded the corresponding F from the NaF rinse. Consequently, the Ca rinse/F rinse increased the total plaque F and the plaque fluid F by 12x and 5x, compared with the NaF rinse alone. These and the previous salivary results suggest that a Ca pre-treatment may increase the cariostatic effects of topical F agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Related Products of 5743-47-5).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Related Products of 5743-47-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of vaginal conjugated equine estrogens and ospemifene on the rat vaginal wall and lower urinary tract. was written by Maldonado, P Antonio;Montoya, T Ignacio;Acevedo, Jesus F;Keller, Patrick W;Word, R Ann. And the article was included in Biology of reproduction in 2017.Related Products of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Although the positive effects of vaginal estrogens and the selective estrogen receptor modulator, ospemifene (OS), on the vaginal epithelium are well recognized, less is known regarding the effects of these therapies on the lower urinary tract or vaginal muscularis. Clinical evidence suggests that vaginally administered estrogen may improve overactive bladder-related symptoms. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of OS, vaginal conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), or both on the vaginal wall and lower urinary tract in a rat model of menopause. Contractile force of the bladder neck, dome, and external urethral sphincter at optimal field stimulation did not differ significantly among treatment groups. Pharmacologic responses to atropine, carbachol, and potassium chloride were similar among groups. Vaginal epithelial thickness and differentiation were differentially regulated by CEE or OS. Ospemifene altered epithelial differentiation pathways in vaginal epithelium in a unique way, and these effects were additive with local CEE. Unless contraindicated, the beneficial effects of vaginal CEE on the vaginal wall outweigh those of OS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Related Products of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Related Products of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts