Tag: 300-400

Antistaphylococcal and biofilm inhibitory activities of Frangula alnus bark ethyl-acetate extract was written by Djukanovic, Stefana;Cvetkovic, Stefana;Loncarevic, Branka;Ljesevic, Marija;Nikolic, Biljana;Simin, Natasa;Bekvalac, Kristina;Kekic, Dusan;Mitic-Culafic, Dragana. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2020.Computed Properties of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Since that we are facing with a serious problem of bacterial resistance it is necessary to find a new antibacterial agents in fight with it. Frangula alnus is traditionally used plant but its antibiofilm potential is poorly investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate antibiofilm activity of F. alnus ethyl-acetate extract (FA) toward S. aureus ATCC strains and clin. isolates as well as its influence on respiration in planktonic and biofilm form. The qual. GCxGC-MS and quant. LC-MS/MS anal. revealed that FA extract was rich in phenols and flavonoids and emodin, chatechin, and ester 4-ethoxy benzoic acid were the most dominant components. Results obtained through microdillution assay showed that FA possesses strong antibacterial activity. Furthermore, crystal violet staining of biofilm biomass demonstrated that extract had strong effect on biofilm formation of all tested strains while effect on preformed biofilms was less pronounced. The effect on biofilm was confirmed with SEM where the changes in biofilm structure were noticed. The activity of extract on the consumption of O2 and production of CO2 was monitored using the Micro-Oxymax respirometer. Interestingly, respiration of the most strains was decreased in planktonic form as well as in biofilms. Results obtained in this study are a good basis for further research in order to discover the mechanism of action of the FA extract on connection between biofilm and respiration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Computed Properties of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Management of sexuality, intimacy, and menopause symptoms in patients with ovarian聽cancer. was written by Whicker, Margaret;Black, Jonathan;Altwerger, Gary;Menderes, Gulden;Feinberg, Jacqueline;Ratner, Elena. And the article was included in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Issues of sexuality, intimacy, and early menopause significantly impact the quality of life of patients following the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. These are undertreated problems. Successful treatment requires the provider’s awareness of the problem, ability to identify it, and willingness to treat it. Unfortunately many providers do not address these issues in the pretreatment or perioperative period. Furthermore, patients do not often alert their providers to their symptoms. While systemic hormone therapy may improve many of the issues, they are not appropriate for all patients given their action on estrogen receptors. However, other nonhormonal treatments exist including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antiepileptics, natural remedies, and pelvic floor physical therapy. In addition psychological care and the involvement of the partner can be helpful in managing the sexual health concerns of these patients. At the time of diagnosis or at initial consultation, women should be informed of the potential physiologic, hormonal, and psychosocial effects of ovarian cancer on sexuality and that there is a multimodal approach to dealing with symptoms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Research progress on the selective estrogen receptor modulators was written by Ding, Hao;Yang, Fan;Cai, Yi;Chai, Xiaoyun;Wu, Qiuye. And the article was included in Yaoxue Shijian Zazhi in 2016.Application of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Breast cancer had become the main malignant tumors which posed a serious threat to women’s health. Selective estrogen receptor modulators, which served as the effective drug treatment, had been attracting more attention. Present research progress on the selective estrogen receptor modulators was summarized in this paper. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Application of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of gastric pH and dietary fiber on calcium availability of various calcium salts was written by Weerapol, Yotsanan;Cheewatanakornkool, Kamonrak;Sriamornsak, Pornsak. And the article was included in Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal in 2010.Related Products of 5743-47-5 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this study was to compare calcium release and ionization from com. calcium supplements and various salts of calcium with different solubilities. The impact of pH of test fluid and dietary fiber co-administered with calcium supplement on calcium availability was also studied. Compressed tablets of six different calcium salts were prepared by direct compression. Calcium release from tablets was tested in simulated gastric fluid without pepsin (SGF, pH 1.2) or fed state simulated gastric fluid (FSSGF, pH 4.8), using USP dissolution apparatus The ionized calcium concentration in test fluid was determined by calcium ion selective electrode. The results demonstrated that most of the formulations released calcium within 1 h. Tablets made of higher solubility calcium salts demonstrated a faster calcium release. The calcium release from calcium hydrogen phosphate and calcium carbonate tablets in gastric fluid with higher pH showed a slower calcium release than in SGF. The dietary fiber co-administered with calcium supplement influenced the calcium availability, especially in medium with higher pH. The results suggested that most of the calcium salts could be used as calcium supplement. However, the use of calcium carbonate required an acidic environment in order to be dissolved in the gastrointestinal tract. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Related Products of 5743-47-5).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 5743-47-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Venlafaxine-loaded sustained-release poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-itaconic acid) hydrogel composites: their synthesis and in vitro/in vivo attributes was written by Ali, Liaqat;Ahmad, Mahmood;Aamir, Muhammad Naeem;Minhas, Muhammad Usman;Rasul, Akhtar;Yousuf, Muhammad;Hussain, Hina;Khan, Jawad Ahmad;Sohail, Muhammad. And the article was included in Iranian Polymer Journal in 2019.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

Hydrogels have potential applications as sustained-release drug delivery systems, as an example in treatment of major depressive disorders. This paper reports some works carried out to obtain a new type of copolymeric hydrogel for an anti-depressant drug. The copolymerization of itaconic acid, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate was performed. The gels were evaluated for swelling, diffusion coefficient, drug incorporation, in vitro dissolution, and in vivo performance in rabbits after oral administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters like bioavailability, C_max and T_max were calculated for hydrogels in comparison to oral solution containing equivalent amount of venlafaxine. The HEMA-based matrixes showed negligible swelling and release rate of venlafaxine, which were also very low in a buffer of pH 1.2. However, both the swelling and release rate of venlafaxine were faster at high pH (6.5 and 7.5). The T_max of the formulation with the highest swelling and release rate (T₁) were found at 600 min compared to that at 180 min for oral solution having equivalent quantity of venlafaxine. However, C_max for oral cross-linked hydrogel composite was significantly lower than that for equivalent amount of oral drug solution The synthesized hydrogel composites showed a promising ability for sustained release of venlafaxine both in vitro and in vivo. It was found that venlafaxine delivery through oral route was practical. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Meta-Terphenyls as versatile fluorescent molecular sensors for monitoring the progress of hybrid polymerization processes was written by Tomal, Wiktoria;Szymaszek, Patryk;Bilut, Magdalena;Popielarz, Roman;Swiergosz, Tomasz;Ortyl, Joanna. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Herein, the performance of a series of 2-amino-4,6-diphenylbenzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives in the role of fluorescent mol. sensors for monitoring progress of various photopolymerization processes by the Fluorescence Probe Technique (FPT) has been evaluated. It was found that all of the derivatives studied, except for the one containing a nitro substituent in its structure, showed high enough sensitivity and stability to be applied as versatile sensors for both cationic and free-radical polymerization processes. Next, the applicability of the sensors was applied for study of hybrid polymerization processes (i.e., both cationic and free radical polymerization reactions occurring simultaneously). The hybrid photopolymerization of pure glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA) and the mixtures of GlyMA with 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxy-cyclohexanecarboxylate (CADE), or CADE with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was studied. It was found that during the hybrid photopolymerization of CADE/TMPTA mixtures, each monomer polymerized independently to form an interpenetrated polymer network (IPN). On the other hand, hybrid photopolymerization of GlyMA/CADE mixtures leads to a copolymer, where final functional group conversions are higher than those achievable by the corresponding photopolymerizations of pure GlyMA and CADE monomers. The use of m-terphenyl sensors allows for real-time monitoring of various hybrid polymerization processes and provides key information on the processes, which was not previously possible. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Electric Literature of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of soluble calcium compound from skipjack tuna bones using edible weak acids was written by Aenglong, Chakkapat;Wang, Yu-Ming;Limpawattana, Maruj;Sukketsiri, Wanida;Tang, Qing-Juan;Klaypradit, Wanwimol;Kerdpiboon, Soraya. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to enhance the water solubility of calcium from tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bones (TB). Calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) was obtained by calcination of TB. For mineral profiles of TB and HA, Ca had the highest content followed by P with Ca/P of 3.47 and 1.94. Mg, K, and Na as macro minerals and Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn as micro minerals were also found. Subsequently, HCl was applied to form structured HA-chloride compound (HA-Cl) then reacted with alk. to obtain structured HA-hydroxide compound (HA-OH). In order to enhance the water solubility, citric and lactic acid were individually reacted with HA-Cl and HA-OH to obtain structured HA-citrate compounds (HA-Cl-Ci and HA-OH-Ci) and structured HA-lactate compounds (HA-Cl-Lac and HA-OH-Lac). HA-Cl-Ci had the highest water solubility (93.34 ± 0.45%) followed by HA-OH-Lac (90.35 ± 0.23%) with Ca/P ratio of 2.28 and 2.24, resp. HA-Cl-Ci and HA-OH-Lac demonstrated the similar mineral profiles to those of HA but with different contents. The results of FT-IR indicated the carboxyl group of acid played an important role in binding Ca²⁺. X-ray diffractograms indicated that calcined bone was HA whereas the major composition of HA-Cl-Ci and HA-OH-Lac was related to calcium citrate tetrahydrate and calcium lactate pentahydrate, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Two-step synthesis technology of ospemifene was written by Zhang, Dan;Lan, Jing;Li, Ling;Luo, Zhen-fu;Zhang, Chun-xue. And the article was included in Xiandai Yaowu Yu Linchuang in 2012.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The synthetic process comprises Williamson reaction of 4-hydroxybenzophenone with 2-bromoethanol to obtain 2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)-1-ethanol (with yield of 90% and purity of 95.3%), and Mcmurry reaction of 2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)-1-ethanol with 3-chloropropiophenone to obtain ospemifene (with yield of 70% and purity of >99.5%). The synthetic process is stable, simple, and suitable for industrial production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of ospemifene on genitourinary health assessed by prospective vulvar-vestibular photography and vaginal/vulvar health indices. was written by Goldstein, Irwin;Simon, James A;Kaunitz, Andrew M;Altomare, Corrado;Yoshida, Yuki;Zhu, Julie;Schaffer, Sam;Soulban, Graziella. And the article was included in Menopause (New York, N.Y.) in 2019.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the effects of ospemifene on the vulva and vagina in postmenopausal women using vulvar-vestibular photography and direct visual assessments. METHODS: Postmenopausal women (aged 40-80 years) with moderate to severe vaginal dryness as their most bothersome symptom (MBS) were randomized to daily ospemifene 60 mg or placebo in this 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 study. Vulvar-vestibular photographic images were captured at baseline and week 12 and were independently assessed with the Vulvar Imaging Assessment Scale (VIAS). Changes from baseline in Vaginal and Vulvar Health Indices (VHI and VuHI) with ospemifene versus placebo were analyzed at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Correlations between VIAS, VHI, and VuHI, with vaginal dryness severity and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores were also assessed. RESULTS: In all, 631 eligible participants were randomized (ospemifene 316, placebo 315) and included in the intention-to-treat population. Compared with placebo, ospemifene significantly improved total scores for VIAS (P = 0.0154), VHI (P < 0.0001), and VuHI (P < 0.0001) from baseline to week 12; significant VHI (P < 0.0001) and VuHI (P = 0.002) improvements were observed at week 4. Most VHI and VuHI individual items were significantly better with ospemifene versus placebo at week 12 (P < 0.05). Most correlations between the vulvovaginal assessment total scores versus vaginal dryness severity and FSFI scores were significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Improvements observed in vulvovaginal health with ospemifene assessed by prospective vulvar-vestibular photography and other direct visual assessments support its efficacy in addition to the treatment of moderate to severe vaginal dryness due to menopause and the use of photographic and direct visual evaluations in future clinical trials. VIDEO SUMMARY: Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MENO/A415. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fractography of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel networks crosslinked with mechanofluorophores using confocal laser scanning microscopy was written by Stratigaki, Maria;Baumann, Christoph;van Breemen, Lambert C. A.;Heuts, Johan P. A.;Sijbesma, Rint P.;Goestl, Robert. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2020.SDS of cas: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Due to their soft and brittle nature, the mech. characterization of polymer hydrogels is a difficult task employing traditional testing equipment. This paper studies poly(N-iso-Pr acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel networks with Diels-Alder adducts of π-extended anthracenes as mechanofluorophore crosslinkers. After swelling the networks with varying amounts of water and subjecting them to force, the subsequent fluorescence caused by covalent bond scission is visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the intensities is related to the macroscopic fracture mechanics and the elastic moduli recorded with traditional uniaxial compression. The sensitivity of the mechanofluorophores allowed the anal. of low levels of mech. stress produced through a hand-induced needle-puncturing process and, thus, is an alternative to conventional force application methods. The detection and precise localization of covalent bond scission through CLSM helps elucidating the interrelationship between mol. structure and the macroscopic properties of chem. crosslinked polymeric hydrogels. The micro-scale mechanophore-assisted fractog. can establish a new paradigm for the mech. anal. of soft matter in fields covering traditional polymer and life sciences. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1SDS of cas: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts