Tag: 300-400

Synthesis of soluble calcium compound from skipjack tuna bones using edible weak acids was written by Aenglong, Chakkapat;Wang, Yu-Ming;Limpawattana, Maruj;Sukketsiri, Wanida;Tang, Qing-Juan;Klaypradit, Wanwimol;Kerdpiboon, Soraya. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to enhance the water solubility of calcium from tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bones (TB). Calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) was obtained by calcination of TB. For mineral profiles of TB and HA, Ca had the highest content followed by P with Ca/P of 3.47 and 1.94. Mg, K, and Na as macro minerals and Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn as micro minerals were also found. Subsequently, HCl was applied to form structured HA-chloride compound (HA-Cl) then reacted with alk. to obtain structured HA-hydroxide compound (HA-OH). In order to enhance the water solubility, citric and lactic acid were individually reacted with HA-Cl and HA-OH to obtain structured HA-citrate compounds (HA-Cl-Ci and HA-OH-Ci) and structured HA-lactate compounds (HA-Cl-Lac and HA-OH-Lac). HA-Cl-Ci had the highest water solubility (93.34 卤 0.45%) followed by HA-OH-Lac (90.35 卤 0.23%) with Ca/P ratio of 2.28 and 2.24, resp. HA-Cl-Ci and HA-OH-Lac demonstrated the similar mineral profiles to those of HA but with different contents. The results of FT-IR indicated the carboxyl group of acid played an important role in binding Ca²⁺. X-ray diffractograms indicated that calcined bone was HA whereas the major composition of HA-Cl-Ci and HA-OH-Lac was related to calcium citrate tetrahydrate and calcium lactate pentahydrate, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Two-step synthesis technology of ospemifene was written by Zhang, Dan;Lan, Jing;Li, Ling;Luo, Zhen-fu;Zhang, Chun-xue. And the article was included in Xiandai Yaowu Yu Linchuang in 2012.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The synthetic process comprises Williamson reaction of 4-hydroxybenzophenone with 2-bromoethanol to obtain 2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)-1-ethanol (with yield of 90% and purity of 95.3%), and Mcmurry reaction of 2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)-1-ethanol with 3-chloropropiophenone to obtain ospemifene (with yield of 70% and purity of >99.5%). The synthetic process is stable, simple, and suitable for industrial production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of ospemifene on genitourinary health assessed by prospective vulvar-vestibular photography and vaginal/vulvar health indices. was written by Goldstein, Irwin;Simon, James A;Kaunitz, Andrew M;Altomare, Corrado;Yoshida, Yuki;Zhu, Julie;Schaffer, Sam;Soulban, Graziella. And the article was included in Menopause (New York, N.Y.) in 2019.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the effects of ospemifene on the vulva and vagina in postmenopausal women using vulvar-vestibular photography and direct visual assessments. METHODS: Postmenopausal women (aged 40-80 years) with moderate to severe vaginal dryness as their most bothersome symptom (MBS) were randomized to daily ospemifene 60鈥妋g or placebo in this 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 study. Vulvar-vestibular photographic images were captured at baseline and week 12 and were independently assessed with the Vulvar Imaging Assessment Scale (VIAS). Changes from baseline in Vaginal and Vulvar Health Indices (VHI and VuHI) with ospemifene versus placebo were analyzed at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Correlations between VIAS, VHI, and VuHI, with vaginal dryness severity and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores were also assessed. RESULTS: In all, 631 eligible participants were randomized (ospemifene 316, placebo 315) and included in the intention-to-treat population. Compared with placebo, ospemifene significantly improved total scores for VIAS (P鈥?鈥?.0154), VHI (P鈥?lt;鈥?.0001), and VuHI (P鈥?lt;鈥?.0001) from baseline to week 12; significant VHI (P鈥?lt;鈥?.0001) and VuHI (P鈥?鈥?.002) improvements were observed at week 4. Most VHI and VuHI individual items were significantly better with ospemifene versus placebo at week 12 (P鈥?lt;鈥?.05). Most correlations between the vulvovaginal assessment total scores versus vaginal dryness severity and FSFI scores were significant (P鈥?lt;鈥?.05). CONCLUSION: Improvements observed in vulvovaginal health with ospemifene assessed by prospective vulvar-vestibular photography and other direct visual assessments support its efficacy in addition to the treatment of moderate to severe vaginal dryness due to menopause and the use of photographic and direct visual evaluations in future clinical trials. VIDEO SUMMARY: Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MENO/A415. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fractography of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel networks crosslinked with mechanofluorophores using confocal laser scanning microscopy was written by Stratigaki, Maria;Baumann, Christoph;van Breemen, Lambert C. A.;Heuts, Johan P. A.;Sijbesma, Rint P.;Goestl, Robert. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2020.SDS of cas: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Due to their soft and brittle nature, the mech. characterization of polymer hydrogels is a difficult task employing traditional testing equipment. This paper studies poly(N-iso-Pr acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel networks with Diels-Alder adducts of 蟺-extended anthracenes as mechanofluorophore crosslinkers. After swelling the networks with varying amounts of water and subjecting them to force, the subsequent fluorescence caused by covalent bond scission is visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the intensities is related to the macroscopic fracture mechanics and the elastic moduli recorded with traditional uniaxial compression. The sensitivity of the mechanofluorophores allowed the anal. of low levels of mech. stress produced through a hand-induced needle-puncturing process and, thus, is an alternative to conventional force application methods. The detection and precise localization of covalent bond scission through CLSM helps elucidating the interrelationship between mol. structure and the macroscopic properties of chem. crosslinked polymeric hydrogels. The micro-scale mechanophore-assisted fractog. can establish a new paradigm for the mech. anal. of soft matter in fields covering traditional polymer and life sciences. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1SDS of cas: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photopolymerizable nanogels as macromolecular precursors to covalently crosslinked water-based networks was written by Dailing, Eric A.;Setterberg, Whitney K.;Shah, Parag K.;Stansbury, Jeffrey W.. And the article was included in Soft Matter in 2015.Related Products of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

We present a strategy for directly and efficiently polymerizing aqueous dispersions of reactive nanogels into covalently crosslinked polymer networks with properties that are determined by the initial chem. and phys. nanogel structure. This technique can extend the range of achievable properties and architectures for networks formed in solution, particularly in water where monomer selection for direct polymerization and the final network properties are quite limited. Nanogels were initially obtained from a solution polymerization of a hydrophilic monomethacrylate and either a hydrophilic PEG-based dimethacrylate or a more hydrophobic urethane dimethacrylate, which produced globular particles with diameters of 10-15 nm with remarkably low polydispersity in some cases. Networks derived from a single type of nanogel or a blend of nanogels with different chemistries when dispersed in water gelled within minutes when exposed to low intensity UV light. Modifying the nanogel structure changes both covalent and non-covalent secondary interactions in the crosslinked networks and reveals critical design criteria for the development of networks from highly internally branched, nanoscale prepolymer precursors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Related Products of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Related Products of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polymer-Network Toughening and Highly Sensitive Mechanochromism via a Dynamic Covalent Mechanophore and a Multinetwork Strategy was written by Watabe, Takuma;Aoki, Daisuke;Otsuka, Hideyuki. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

Multinetwork (MN) elastomers exhibit outstanding mech. properties that arise from the sacrificial first network (FN). Here, we report the mech. and mechanochromic properties of an MN elastomer with a difluorenylsuccinonitrile (DFSN) moiety incorporated into the crosslinking points of its FN. DFSN is a mechanochromophore that affords stable, pink radical intermediates upon exposure to mech. stimuli. We distinctly demonstrated that the replacement of a conventional cross-linker by a weaker cross-linker does have a direct effect on the stress-strain behavior of elastomers to improve fracture toughness. The toughening mechanism of the DFSN-containing MN elastomers was revealed through a highly sensitive and quant. anal. of the mech. activated stable radicals by ESR spectroscopy. We also clarified that the MN strategy is an effective technique to achieve high activation of the mechanophores at a lower threshold strain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The synthesis of hydroxyapatite by hydrothermal process with calcium lactate pentahydrate: the effect of reagent concentrations, pH, temperature, and pressure was written by Szterner, Piotr;Biernat, Monika. And the article was included in Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Hydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphates in the form of whiskers are lately widely considered as fillers for biocomposites due to their special biol. and reinforcing properties. Depending on the method of synthesis, apatite whiskers of various sizes and phase composition can be obtained. In our work, hydroxyapatite (HAp) whiskers were successfully prepared in reaction between calcium lactate pentahydrate and orthophosphoric acid. The advantage of the proposed technique is the simple but precise control of the HAp crystal morphol. and high product purity which is necessary for biomedical applications. The effect of reagent concentrations, pH, reaction temperature, and pressure on HAp whiskers’ morphol. and composition was investigated. In the result, we obtained hydroxyapatite of different morphol. such as whiskers, hexagonal rods, and nanorods. The products were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. In this work, the synthesis of HAp whiskers by direct decomposition of calcium lactate pentahydrate chelates under hydrothermal conditions was showed for the first time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vulvovaginal atrophy in women after cancer was written by Cox, P.;Panay, N.. And the article was included in Climacteric in 2019.Application of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

The number of women surviving longer after a cancer diagnosis is increasing. This means that more awareness regarding their health is required. This review will focus on vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA)/genitourinary syndrome of menopause, one of the most distressing adverse iatrogenic effects of the menopause, secondary to cancer therapies. The cancer therapies themselves, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, have a direct impact on the lower genital tract which interplays with the ensuing hypoestrogenic state of the menopause. Symptoms of VVA are still under-reported and undertreated as neither clinicians nor patients are forthcoming in discussing the problem, despite its profound neg. impact on quality of life. In terms of treatment of VVA, this review will look at the use of various options, including estrogen post cancer diagnosis, as well as considering newer emerging therapies such as dehydroepiandrosterone, ospemifene, and laser. The care of a woman post cancer diagnosis should be a multidisciplinary responsibility. However, further research is required into emerging treatment options as well as long-term safety data, to ensure all health-care providers and women are fully informed and confident to effectively address the impact of VVA post cancer diagnosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Application of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Poly(Hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate): Facile synthesis of well-defined hydrophobic gels containing hydroxy-functional methacrylates was written by Orakdogen, Nermin;Sanay, Berran. And the article was included in Polymer Degradation and Stability in 2017.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

A range of well-defined hydrophobic hydroxy-functional methacrylate-based gels has been synthesized by free-radical crosslinking copolymerization of the monomers Hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Particularly, the effect of the hydrophobic functional groups of the comonomer GMA on the elasticity and swelling properties was investigated in order to understand the exact interactions and the consequent changes in the phys. characteristics of poly(Hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) P(HPMA-co-GMA) hydrogels as well as cryogels. In addition, measuring and understanding how to control the mech. response of the resulting gels which usually refers to the resistance to failure by fracture or excessive deformation can help the targeted design of specific applications with extended functionality. In the light of the exptl. findings, it was suggested that the studied system with the monomers HPMA and GMA containing both acrylic and epoxy groups provides the design and performance versatility required for the most demanding coating and resin applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Synthetic Route of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Differences in molecular structure in cross-linked polycationic nanoparticles synthesized using ARGET ATRP or UV-initiated polymerization was written by Forbes, D. C.;Peppas, N. A.. And the article was included in Polymer in 2013.Related Products of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

This work compares material properties of polycationic nanoparticles synthesized using the techniques of UV-initiated polymerization or ARGET ATRP and relates differences in material properties to differences in mol. structure. The nanoparticles are based on the pH-responsive monomer 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) Me ether methacrylate (PEGMA), tert-Bu methacrylate (tBMA), and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) in a surfactant-stabilized monomer-in-water emulsion to form cross-linked nanoscale hydrogels. ARGET ATRP resulted in a narrower distribution of mol. weight for linear analogs of the polycationic nanoparticles. In addition, ARGET ATRP formulations showed a sharper glass transition than UV-initiated formulations, indicating increased homogeneity. These networks could be used as drug delivery carriers or for other nanogel applications that would benefit from polycationic nanoparticles with high homogeneity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Related Products of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts