Tag: 300-400

Ospemifene for the treatment of dyspareunia associated with vulvar and vaginal atrophy: potential benefits in bone and breast was written by Soe, Lin H.;Wurz, Gregory T.;Kao, Chiao-Jung;DeGregorio, Michael W.. And the article was included in International Journal of Women’s Health in 2013.Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Ospemifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), or estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist, that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of dyspareunia associated with vulvar and vaginal atrophy, a chronic condition that affects up to 60% of postmenopausal women. Ospemifene is the first and only nonestrogen compound approved for this indication. Compared with other approved SERMs, such as tamoxifen, toremifene, bazedoxifene and raloxifene, the estrogen-like effects of ospemifene in the vaginal epithelium are unique. This review first discusses the rationale for developing ospemifene, including its mechanism of action and then focuses on the clin. development of ospemifene for the treatment of dyspareunia associated with vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Included are discussions of the effects of ospemifene on the endometrium, serum lipids, coagulation markers, bone and breast cancer. In conclusion, ospemifene is a SERM with a unique estrogen agonist/antagonist tissue profile that was recently approved in the US for the treatment of dyspareunia associated with vulvar and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Ospemifene warrants further clin. investigation for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and breast cancer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of ospemifene on vaginal epithelium of post-menopausal women was written by Alvisi, Stefania;Baldassarre, Maurizio;Martelli, Valentina;Gava, Giulia;Seracchioli, Renato;Meriggiola, Maria Cristina. And the article was included in Gynecological Endocrinology in 2017.Synthetic Route of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Ospemifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used for the treatment of vulvo-vaginal atrophy (VVA) in post-menopausal women. No direct evidence of its effects on histol. features of the human vagina has been reported. To evaluate the effects of ospemifene on histol. parameters, glycogen content, proliferation, and estrogen receptor α expression (ERα) of vaginal epithelium in post-menopausal women. Thirty-two post-menopausal women undergoing surgical procedures were enrolled. Sixteen subjects taking ospemifene at the time of inclusion (OSP) were compared to 16 subjects not taking any hormone (CTL). Vaginal biopsies were taken from the proximal and distal vaginal wall during surgery to evaluate histol., Ki-67 and ERα expression. OSP group showed thicker vaginal epithelium (349 ± 64 vs. 245 ± 53 μm, p < .001), higher proliferation index (212 ± 47 vs. 127 ± 28 Ki-67⁺ cells/mm, p < .001), higher epithelial (27.3 ± 3.1 vs. 20.6 ± 2.9 score, p < .001) and stromal (26.6 ± 4.9 vs. 20.6 ± 2.6 score, p < .001) ERα expression when compared to the CTL group. In postmenopausal women affected by VVA, 1 mo intake of ospemifene is associated with an increased maturation, and ERα expression of the vaginal mucosa. These changes may partially explain the improvement of symptoms of vaginal atrophy reported with this drug. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Synthetic Route of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C24H23ClO2

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dynamical modeling and experimental aspects of multi-responsive hydroxy-functional methacrylate-based gels with tunable swelling induced by multivalent ions was written by Orakdogen, Nermin;Sanay, Berran. And the article was included in Polymer in 2017.COA of Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Novel materials displaying multi-responsive property were developed by forming crosslinked copolymer systems that exhibit distinct temperature, pH and salt-sensitivity independently. An investigation of the mech. properties of a novel multi-responsive poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA)-based hydrogel system was carried out with two major objectives. First was to study the effect of various preparation conditions; reaction temperature, comonomer content on the elasticity as well as on the absorbency of resulting hydroxy-functional methacrylate-based gels and the second was to interpret their water uptake data by various kinetic models. Experiments were conducted to characterize the equilibrium swelling and temperature/pH-dependent phase transitions of PHPMA-based copolymeric gels prepared by radical crosslinking copolymerization in aqueous solution with tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as crosslinker. The aqueous equilibrium swelling properties of PHPMA hydrogels and cryogels containing methacrylate-based comonomer were described using N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) having weakly basic cationic groups. For PHPMA-based copolymeric hydrogels, the scaling laws relating the optimum preparation conditions with the crosslinking d. N and the swelling degree q_v were derived. Dynamic kinetics profiles were evaluated to outline the swelling/deswelling response of the resulting hydrogels and cryogels which presents useful information when designing specific applications that pursue or require the absorption of pH-sensitive or ionic-strength-sensitive mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1COA of Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C16H26O7

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy was written by Barnes, Kylie N.;Pearce, Erica F.;Yancey, Abigail M.;Forinash, Alicia B.. And the article was included in Annals of Pharmacotherapy in 2014.Electric Literature of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Objective: To review the pharmacol., efficacy, and safety of ospemifene in the management of dyspareunia. Data Sources: Literature was sought using PubMed (1966-Jan. 2014) and EMBASE (1973-Jan. 2014). Search terms included ospemifene, FC-1271a, dyspareunia, vulvovaginal atrophy, and vaginal atrophy. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All studies, including studies on humans, published in English with data assessing the efficacy and safety of ospemifene in the management of dyspareunia were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Ospemifene is a new oral estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist indicated for moderate to severe dyspareunia. Clin. trials evaluating efficacy have shown a significant improvement in superficial cells, parabasal cells, vaginal pH, vaginal dryness, and dyspareunia. The most frequently reported adverse drug reactions in the clin. trials included hot flashes, vaginal discharge, muscle spasms, and hyperhidrosis. Similar to systemic estrogen, boxed warnings with ospemifene include risk for thromboembolism and cerebrovascular disease. Addnl., patients with a uterus still need to use a progestogen with ospemifene to reduce the risk of hyperplasia. Conclusions: Ospemifene has been effective in improving symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy when compared with placebo; however, no studies comparing ospemifene with estrogen products exist. Addnl. clin. trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety in specialty populations, and long-term safety data are needed to assess the potential for serious adverse events. With the risks being similar to that for systemic estrogen therapy, ospemifene appears to be an alternative agent to estrogen therapy but does not have any advantages over estrogen. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Electric Literature of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C24H23ClO2

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of ospemifene on drug metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes in humans in vitro and in vivo was written by Turpeinen, Miia;Uusitalo, Jouko;Lehtinen, Terhi;Kailajarvi, Marita;Pelkonen, Olavi;Vuorinen, Jouni;Tapanainen, Pasi;Stjernschantz, Camilla;Lammintausta, Risto;Scheinin, Mika. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2013.Application of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

The objective of these investigations was to determine the possible effects of the novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, ospemifene, on cytochrome P 450 (CYP)-mediated drug metabolism Ospemifene underwent testing for possible effects on CYP enzyme activity in human liver microsomes and in isolated human hepatocytes. Based on the results obtained in vitro, three Phase 1 crossover pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in healthy postmenopausal women to assess the in vivo effects of ospemifene on CYP-mediated drug metabolism Ospemifene and its main metabolites 4-hydroxyospemifene and 4′-hydroxyospemifene weakly inhibited a number of CYPs (CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2C8 and CYP2D6) in vitro. However, only CYP2C9 activity was inhibited by 4-hydroxyospemifene at clin. relevant concentrations Induction of CYPs by ospemifene in cultured human hepatocytes was 2.4-fold or less. The in vivo studies showed that ospemifene did not have significant effects on the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves of the tested CYP substrates warfarin (CYP2C9), bupropion (CYP2B6) and omeprazole (CYP2C19), demonstrating that pretreatment with ospemifene did not alter their metabolism Therefore, the risk that ospemifene will affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are substrates for CYP enzymes is low. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Application of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application of 128607-22-7

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gene expression in the chicken caecum in response to infections with non-typhoid Salmonella was written by Rychlik, Ivan;Elsheimer-Matulova, Marta;Kyrova, Kamila. And the article was included in Veterinary Research in 2014.SDS of cas: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Chickens can be infected with Salmonella enterica at any time during their life. However, infections within the first hours and days of their life are epidemiol. the most important, as newly hatched chickens are highly sensitive to Salmonella infection. Salmonella is initially recognized in the chicken caecum by TLR receptors and this recognition is followed by induction of chemokines, cytokines and many effector genes. This results in infiltration of heterophils, macrophages, B- and T-lymphocytes and changes in total gene expression in the caecal lamina propria. The highest induction in expression is observed for matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7). Expression of this gene is increased in the chicken caecum over 4000 fold during the first 10 days after the infection of newly hatched chickens. Addnl. highly inducible genes in the caecum following S. Enteritidis infection include immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1), serum amyloid A (SAA), extracellular fatty acid binding protein (ExFABP), serine protease inhibitor (SERPINB10), trappin 6-like (TRAP6), calprotectin (MRP126), mitochondrial ES1 protein homolog (ES1), interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5), avidin (AVD) and transglutaminase 4 (TGM4). The induction of expression of these proteins exceeds a factor of 50. Similar induction rates are also observed for chemokines and cytokines such as IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL17, IL18, IL22, IFNγ, AH221 or iNOS. Once the infection is under control, which happens approx. 2 wk after infection, expression of IgY and IgA increases to facilitate Salmonella elimination from the gut lumen. This review outlines the function of individual proteins expressed in chickens after infection with non-typhoid Salmonella serovars. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1SDS of cas: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Population pharmacokinetics of ospemifene and safety evaluation of pharmacokinetic alterations caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors was written by Kubota, Ryuji;Matsumoto, Sayaka;Wajima, Toshihiro. And the article was included in International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Purpose: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model to assess factors influencing ospemifene pharmacokinetics and to assess safety for pharmacokinetic alteration observed in drug development. Method: A PPK model was constructed using pooled ospemifene concentrations Covariates considered before start of the anal. were: age, race, body weight, BMI, albumin, alanine amino-transferase, bilirubin, and creatinine clearance. The expected distribution of ospemifene concentration was derived for the 4 cases in phase-1 studies that increased ospemifene exposure: administration to severe renal impairment subjects (case 1), administration to moderate hepatic impairment subjects (case 2), coadministration with ketoconazole (case 3), or coadministration with fluconazole (case 4). Safety information in a long-term safety trial was used to assess the potential changes in risk of adverse events with ospemifene-exposure increase. Results: The PPK parameter estimates were 9.16 L/h for CL/F, 34.3 L for V2/F, 16.4 L/h for Q/F, 250 L for V3/F, and 0.522 h-1 for ka, based on the final model. Distributions of estimated AUC in a phase-3 study largely covered the expected distribution for case 1, case 2, or case 3, but did not overlap the expected distribution for case 4. The incidences of adverse events were not associated with ospemifene exposure in the long-term safety study. Conclusions: We developed an ospemifene PPK model and identified no relevant covariate in the PPK anal. The drug appears safe to use in renal impairment, moderate hepatic impairment, and when coadministered with ketoconazole. Ospemifene should not be administered with fluconazole. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of ospemifene on bone parameters including clinical biomarkers in postmenopausal women. was written by Constantine, Ginger D;Kagan, Risa;Miller, Paul D. And the article was included in Menopause (New York, N.Y.) in 2016.Related Products of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

OBJECTIVE: Ospemifene is an estrogen-receptor agonist/antagonist (also known as a selective estrogen-receptor modulator) that is FDA approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvovaginal atrophy, due to menopause. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that ospemifene may also have an effect on bone health in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Relevant articles, including cellular and preclinical studies and clinical trials written in English pertaining to ospemifene and bone health, were identified from a database search of PubMed (from its inception to June 2015) and summarized in this comprehensive review. RESULTS: In vitro data suggest that ospemifene may mediate a positive effect on bone through osteoblasts. Ospemifene effectively reduced bone loss and resorption in ovariectomized rats, with activity comparable to estradiol and raloxifene. Clinical data from three phase 1 or 2 clinical trials (2 placebo- and 1 raloxifene-controlled) found ospemifene 60 mg/d to have a positive effect on the biochemical markers for bone turnover in healthy, postmenopausal women with significant improvements relative to placebo and comparable to raloxifene. CONCLUSIONS: Ospemifene 60 mg/d may have a protective effect on the bone health of women being treated for dyspareunia. The initial clinical data for ospemifene follows a trend similar to raloxifene and bazedoxifene, suggesting that ospemifene may have bone-protective effects in postmenopausal women. However, additional rigorous clinical trials are necessary to confirm any positive effects ospemifene may have on vertebral fractures and bone mineral density in healthy and osteoporotic women. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Related Products of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Related Products of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vaginal health, endometrial thickness and changes in bone markers in postmenopausal women after 6 months of treatment with ospemifene in real clinical practice was written by Pingarron, Carmen;Lafuente, Pilar;Poyo Torcal, Silvia;Lopez Verdu, Helena;Martinez Garcia, Maria Sol;Palacios, Santiago. And the article was included in Gynecological Endocrinology in 2022.Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

To assess vaginal health, endometrial thickness, and changes in bone markers in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) treated with 60 mg/day of ospemifene under routine clin. practice. The AYSEX study is a Spanish observational and prospective study performed in one center in which 5 gynecologists recruited postmenopausal women with VVA in routine clin. practice treated continuously with ospemifene 60 mg/day for 12 mo as an appropriate therapeutic option. This article refers to the 3- and 6-mo anal. Vaginal health was assessed by pH and using Vaginal Health Index (VHI) at baseline and 3 mo later. Endometrial thickness, measured by vaginal ultrasonog., and bone resorption marker (CTx) were assessed at baseline and 6 mo later. A total of 100 postmenopausal women cytol. and clin. diagnosed with VVA were included in the study. After 3 mo of treatment with ospemifene, pH improved from 6.1 to 4.5 (p < .0001), and VHI improved from 10 to 19 points (p < .0001). The percentage of patients with VVA according to VHI decreased from 100% to 5.2% (p < .0001). After 6 mo, mean CTx levels decreased from 0.42 pg/mL at baseline to 0.37 pg/mL 6 mo later (p = .0018), and mean endometrial thickness changed from 2.24 to 2.15 mm (p = .6066). Up to date, this is the only prospective and observational study with ospemifene in routine clin. practice conditions and confirms the results previously reported from randomized controlled clin. trials, improving VVA, not increasing endometrial thickness, and decreasing CTx levels by exerting an anti-resorptive function. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene displays broad-spectrum synergistic interactions with itraconazole through potent interference with fungal efflux activities was written by Eldesouky, Hassan E.;Salama, Ehab A.;Hazbun, Tony R.;Mayhoub, Abdelrahman S.;Seleem, Mohamed N.. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2020.SDS of cas: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Azole antifungals are vital therapeutic options for treating invasive mycotic infections. However, the emergence of azole-resistant isolates combined with limited therapeutic options presents a growing challenge in medical mycol. To address this issue, we utilized microdilution checkerboard assays to evaluate nine stilbene compounds for their ability to interact synergistically with azole drugs, particularly against azole-resistant fungal isolates. Ospemifene displayed the most potent azole chemosensitizing activity, and its combination with itraconazole displayed broad-spectrum synergistic interactions against Candida albicans, Candida auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus (∑FICI = 0.05-0.50). Addnl., in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, the ospemifene-itraconazole combination significantly reduced fungal CFU burdens in infected nematodes by ∼75-96%. Nile Red efflux assays and RT-qPCR anal. suggest ospemifene interferes directly with fungal efflux systems, thus permitting entry of azole drugs into fungal cells. This study identifies ospemifene as a novel antifungal adjuvant that augments the antifungal activity of itraconazole against a broad range of fungal pathogens. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7SDS of cas: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.SDS of cas: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts