Tag: 300-400

Vaginal effects of ospemifene in the ovariectomized rat preclinical model of menopause was written by Unkila, Mikko;Kari, Seppo;Yatkin, Emrah;Lammintausta, Risto. And the article was included in Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2013.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Ospemifene is a unique tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist (also known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator [SERM]) with demonstrated efficacy in Phase 3 studies of postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA). This report describes preclin. studies on the effects of ospemifene in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of menopause. Ospemifene (10 mg/kg/day) and the SERM comparator, raloxifene (10 mg/kg/day) were administered for 2 wk and both increased vaginal weight; ospemifene was more effective than raloxifene. In addition, ospemifene had a greater effect on increasing vaginal epithelial height compared with raloxifene. The effect on uterine weight was less pronounced for both ospemifene and raloxifene. The ED₅₀ of ospemifene on vaginal epithelial height was 0.39 mg/kg/day and the magnitude was nearly the same as was seen with the pos. control, 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE₂). In a histol. anal. of ospemifene-treated rat vaginas, basal cells were overlaid by 2 to 3 cell layers of thickened goblet-like mucified cells apically; however, the cornification observed with EE₂ was absent. Estrogenic activity of ospemifene was confirmed by upregulation of progesterone receptors in vaginal epithelium and stroma. Ospemifene showed similar affinity for estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β, but an overall lower affinity than estradiol. Ospemifene antagonized estrogen response element (ERE)-mediated transactivation on MCF-7 cells, confirming its anti-estrogenic activity in breast cancer cells. The dose response for ospemifene in the rat is consistent with that observed in clin. studies of ospemifene 30 and 60 mg, showing that the OVX rat is a highly predictive model of SERM activity in postmenopausal VVA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reducing of on Polymerization Shrinkage by Application of UV Curable Dental Restorative Composites was written by Swiderska, Jolanta;Czech, Zbigniew;Swiderski, Waldemar;Kowalczyk, Agnieszka. And the article was included in Polish Journal of Chemical Technology in 2014.Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

This manuscript describes dental compositions contain in-organic fillers, multifunctional methacrylates and photoinitiators. The main problem by application and UV curing process is the shrinkage of photoreactive dental materials during and after UV curing process. Total shrinkage of UV curable dental composites is a phenomenon of polymerization shrinkage, typical behavior for multifunctional methacrylates during polymerization process. The important factors by curing of dental composites are: kind and concentration of used methacrylates, their functionality, double bond concentration, kind and concentration of added photoinitiator and UV dose. They are investigated UV-curable dental compositions based on 2,2-bis-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryxloyloxypropyl)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) and containing such multifunctional monomers as 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,3-BDDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (T3EGDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), polyethylene glycol 200 dimethacrylate (PEG200DA). Reduction of polymerization shrinkage of dental compositions is at the moment a major problem by dental technol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sex Differences in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction. was written by Harsh, Veronica;Clayton, Anita H. And the article was included in Current psychiatry reports in 2018.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sex differences in the treatment of sexual dysfunction are partly due to neurobiological differences, as well as, the central and peripheral physiological effects of hormones and neurotransmitter actions on reproductive systems in men and women. Differences in epidemiology of complaints and diagnostic considerations, variance in medical comorbidities, and interference from related medications also contribute to the need for different strategies for treatments of sexual dysfunction according to gender. RECENT FINDINGS: Flibanserin and ospemifene are new medication treatment options that may help some women with symptoms of sexual dysfunction. Various therapies are available to address sexual dysfunction and sex differences are relevant to consider, in terms of diagnosis, effectiveness of treatments, and side effect profiles that may help determine indication, safety, and outcomes for specific treatments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

What new therapeutic options exist for the relief of menopausal symptoms? was written by Raney, Erin C. And the article was included in JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants in 2015.Related Products of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Two new products recently approved for the treatment of menopausal symptoms contain estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists, which have varying effects on bone, breast, endometrial, and vaginal tissues. Ospemifene improves symptoms of dyspareunia associated with vulvovaginal atrophy. Bazedoxifene combined with conjugated estrogens improves vasomotor symptoms and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Clinicians must consider the increased risk for venous and arterial thromboembolic disease posed by these drugs. Clinical trials are ongoing to fully evaluate the drugs’ efficacy and safety compared with traditional estrogen-based regimens. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Related Products of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Potential of polymethacrylate pseudo crown ethers as solid state polymer electrolytes was written by Moins, S.;Martins, J. C.;Krumpmann, A.;Lemaur, V.;Cornil, J.;Delbosc, N.;Decroly, A.;Dubois, Ph.;Lazzaroni, R.;Gohy, J.-F.;Coulembier, O.. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2017.Related Products of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

The association of kinetic studies, DFT calculations and ¹H-⁷Li NMR analyses allowed the control of the cyclo-ATRP of PEG₉DMA and the production of polymethacrylate pseudo crown-ethers of various molar masses. Their potential to act as a solid-state polymer electrolyte in Li-ion batteries has been highlighted and may come from the supramol. organization of the cyclo-PEG forming a Li⁺ diffusion channel. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Related Products of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile allylation of vinyl bromides and the modification of anti-tumour natural medicine β-elemene was written by Ye, Yang;Qi, Xiang;Xu, Bing;Lin, Ying;Xiang, Huan;Zou, Liang;Ye, Xiang-Yang;Xie, Tian. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2022.Name: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Herein, authors present a facile and efficient allylation method via Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of readily available allylic acetates with a variety of substituted alkenyl bromides using zinc as the terminal reductant. This Ni-catalyzed modular approach displays excellent functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope, which the creation of a series of 1,4-dienes including several structurally complex natural products and pharmaceutical motifs. Moreover, the coupling strategy has the potential to realize enantiomeric control. The practicality of this transformation is demonstrated through the potent modification of the naturally antitumor active mol. β-elemene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Name: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The Efficacy and Safety of Ospemifene in Treating Dyspareunia Associated with Postmenopausal Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis was written by Cui, Yuanshan;Zong, Huantao;Yan, Huilei;Li, Nan;Zhang, Yong. And the article was included in Journal of Sexual Medicine in 2014.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Introduction : Ospemifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, has been developed for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. Aim : We carried out a systematic review and meta-anal. to assess the efficacy and safety of the drug for treating dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Methods : A literature review was performed to identify all published randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of ospemifene for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy and dyspareunia. The search included the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The reference lists of the retrieved studies were also investigated. A systematic review and meta-anal. was conducted. Main Outcome Measures : Six publications involving a total of 1,772 patients were used in the anal., including three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were short-term (12 wk) comparisons of ospemifene with placebo and three RCTs that were long-term (1 yr) comparisons of ospemifene with placebo. Results : For the comparison of short-term ospemifene with placebo, parabasal cells (the standardized mean difference [SMD] = -37.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -41.83 to -33.17, P < 0.00001), superficial cells (SMD = 9.24, 95% CI = 7.70 to 10.79, P < 0.00001), vaginal PH (SMD = -0.89, 95% CI = -0.98 to -0.80, P = 0.00001), and dyspareunia (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.43 to -0.30, P = 0.00001) indicated that ospemifene was more effective than the placebo. For the comparison of long-term ospemifene with placebo, endometrial thickness (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.58 to 1.23, P = 0.00001), treatment emergent adverse event, discontinuations due to adverse event, and serious adverse event indicated that ospemifene was generally safe. Conclusions : This meta-anal. indicates that ospemifene to be an effective and safe treatment for dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Cui Y, Zong HT, Yan HL, Li N, and Zhang Y. Treating dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy: A systematic review and meta-anal. J Sex Med 2014;11:487-497. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fabrication and characterization of remineralizing dental composites containing calcium type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (PRG-Ca) fillers was written by da Silva Meirelles Doria Maia, Juliana Nunes;Portela, Maristela Barbosa;Sanchez Candela, Dalber Ruben;Neves, Aline de Almeida;Noronha-Filho, Jaime Dutra;Mendes, Amanda de Oliveira;Barros, Mariana Araujo;Moreira da Silva, Eduardo. And the article was included in Dental Materials in 2021.Electric Literature of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

To fabricate and characterize dental composites with calcium type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (PRG-Ca) fillers.PRG-Ca fillers were prepared by the reaction of calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass with polyacrylic acid. Seven dental composites were produced from the same organic matrix (70/30 wt% Bis-GMA/TEGDMA), with partial replacement of barium borosilicate (BaBSi) fillers (60 wt%) by PRG-Ca fillers (wt%): E0 (0) – control, E1 (10), E2 (20), E3 (30), E4 (40), E5 (50) and E6 (60). Enamel remineralization was evaluated in caries-like enamel lesions induced by S. mutans biofilm using micro-CT. The following properties were characterized: degree of conversion (DC%), roughness (Ra), Knoop hardness (KHN), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), water sorption (W_sp), water solubility (W_sl), and translucency (TP). Data were analyzed to one-way ANOVA and Tukey′s HSD test (α = 0.05).All composites with PRG-Ca induced enamel remineralization. E0 and E1 presented similar and highest DC% than E2 = E3 = E4 = E5 = E6. Ra and KHN were not influenced by PRG-Ca fillers (p < 0.05). The higher the content of PRG-Ca, the lower FS, FM and TP (p < 0.05). Wsp increased linearly with the content of PRG-Ca fillers (p < 0.05). E6 presented the highest W_sl (p < 0.05), while the Wsl of the other composites were not different from each other (p > 0.05).Incorporation of 10-40 weight% of PRG-Ca fillers endowed remineralizing potential to dental composites without jeopardizing the overall behavior of their physicochem. properties. Dental composites with PRG-Ca fillers seems to be a good alternative for reinforcing the enamel against caries development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Electric Literature of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Self-crosslinkable complexes based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) as pharmaceutical hydrophilic matrices was written by Ayres, Eliane;Ferreira, Carla Regina;Lima, Tadeu Henrique;Martins, Giuliano S.;Villanova, Janaina C. O.;Orefice, Rodrigo L.. And the article was included in Polymer Bulletin (Heidelberg, Germany) in 2016.Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

The formation and characterization of poly(itaconic acid)/N-methylol acrylamide/poly(ethylene glycol) (PIA/NMA/PEG) complexes through in situ polymerization of itaconic acid on poly(ethylene glycol) was investigated. FTIR indicated that PEG crystallization was hindered by complex formation. The decrease in the crystallinity of PEG was also observed by DSC and indicated that the mobility of some PEG segments was inhibited by the presence of the polyacid. According to the swelling experiments, complexes proved to be suitable for use as excipient in the preparation of drug delivery systems responsive to pH changing. DMA was used to estimate the crosslink densities and the results were found to be in good agreement with the swelling results. Further, the adhesion strength of the synthesized polymers was used as preliminary evaluation of their potential of mucoadhesion. The results indicated that the adhesion performance is related to the presence of NMA. Drugs which suffer degradation in stomach pH, such as proteins and enzymes are potential candidates to be included in the systems based on PIA/NMA/PEG to pass through the stomach (pH near to 1.2-3.5). Upon reaching the initial portion of the small intestine (pH >5.5), the polymer will swell and release the active substance via diffusion and/or erosion of the matrix. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Formula: C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

PALS, MIR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy studies of pHEMA hydrogel, silicon- and fluoro-containing contact lens materials was written by Filipecka, Katarzyna;Budaj, Mariusz;Chamerski, Kordian;Miedzinski, Rafal;Sitarz, Maciej;Miskowiak, Bogdan;Makowska-Janusik, Malgorzata;Filipecki, Jacek. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2017.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Studies on polymeric materials used in contactol. for manufacturing of contact lenses are presented in the paper. Different types of brand new contact lenses were investigated: hydrogel, silicone-hydrogel and rigid gas permeable. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was used to characterize geometrical sizes and fraction of the free volume holes in the investigated samples. Measurements reveal significant differences between the materials. Namely differences in size and fraction of free volume were observed These changes are strongly correlated with oxygen permeability in contact lenses. Middle IR (MIR) spectroscopy was carried out to investigate the internal structure of materials. Furthermore, UV-vis-NIR studies were performed to determine the transmittance properties of contact lenses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts