Tag: 300-400

Tissue selectivity of ospemifene: Pharmacologic profile and clinical implications was written by Kangas, Lauri;Unkila, Mikko. And the article was included in Steroids in 2013.Product Details of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

The multifactorial consequences of menopausal estrogen deficiency affect numerous tissues throughout the body. Supplemental hormonal therapies carry the burden of a risk/benefit ratio that must be highly individualized. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are estrogen receptor (ER) agonist/antagonists designed to induce benefits comparable with estrogen while minimizing adverse effects. Here, we review the estrogen agonist/antagonist profile of ospemifene, a novel triphenylethylene derivative recently approved to treat dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) due to menopause, both preclinically and clin. Ospemifene binds ERα and ERβ with approx. equal affinities. In preclin. models, ospemifene increased vaginal and uterine epithelial thickness and mucification to the same extent as estrogen. Ospemifene did not induce endometrial hyperplasia in animal models; there also was no stimulatory effect on endometrial cells. In rat and human mammary cells in vitro, ospemifene evokes a dose-dependent inhibition on estrogen-induced cell responses and cell proliferation, supporting an antiestrogenic effect in breast. In contrast, ospemifene has an estrogenic effect on bone, as seen by improved bone mineral d., strength, mass, and histomorphometry in preclin. models, consistent with improvements in markers of bone resorption and formation in postmenopausal women. Based on the preclin. evidence, ospemifene has beneficial estrogen-like effects on the vaginal epithelium, preliminary evidence to support a neutral endometrial profile, antiproliferative effects in breast, and estrogenic effects in bone. Taken together, especially regarding estrogen-like effects on the vaginal epithelium, ospemifene presents a profile of tissue-specific effects that appear novel among available SERMs and well-suited for the treatment of VVA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Product Details of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Product Details of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photoreactive nanogels as versatile polymer networks with tunable in situ drug release kinetics was written by Escobedo, Humberto D.;Stansbury, Jeffrey W.;Nair, Devatha P.. And the article was included in Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials in 2020.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

A simple, yet powerful approach to synthesize photoreactive nanogel networks <5 nm that can swell between ∼3 and ∼200 times their initial radius with control over the size and surface charge via a solution polymerization reaction protocol was demonstrated. Nanogels with hydrodynamic radii from 0.9 nm to 3.2 nm and surface charges from -6.4 mV to -16.5 mV with dramatically different abilities to swell were synthesized by altering the solvent ratio before synthesis. Addnl., the control over the release kinetics of a small mol. over a period of 30 days was demonstrated by the methacrylate functionalization of the nanogels post-synthesis and the subsequent photo-aggregation of the nanogels. Thepotential to control the release of small mol. drugs via the concentration of photoreactive groups and the photo-induced aggregation of the nanogels offers the unique ability to tailor the in situ release kinetics of the delivery network. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by acrylates and methacrylates – a 7-year study was written by Ramos, Leonor;Cabral, Rita;Goncalo, Margarida. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2014.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Summary : Backgound : Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by (meth)acrylates is traditionally an occupational disease among dentists, printers, and fiberglass workers. With the use of artificial nails, cases have been reported both in nail technicians and in users. Objectives : The aims of this study were to characterize ACD caused by (meth)acrylates, identify the responsible allergens, and assess the sensitivity of the patch test with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) for diagnosis. Methods : An observational and retrospective study (Jan. 2006-Apr. 2013) was performed, evaluating and correlating epidemiol. and clin. parameters and pos. patch test results with (meth)acrylates. Results : Among 2263 patch tested patients, 122 underwent aimed testing with an extended (meth)acrylate series, and 37 showed pos. and relevant reactions. Twenty-five cases (67.6%) were occupational. Hand eczema with pulpitis was observed in 32 patients. Twenty-eight cases were related to artificial nails, 3 were related to dental materials, and 2 were industrial workers. Oral lesions associated with dental prostheses were observed in 4 patients. Thirty-one patients reacted to more than one (meth)acrylate. In our sample, beauty technicians working with artificial nails were the most affected group (80% of occupational cases). Conclusion : HEMA detected 80.6% of our cases, and may be considered a good screening allergen. However, to perform an accurate diagnosis, it is safer to use a broader series of allergens. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Recommanded Product: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New lignin-based hybrid materials as functional additives for polymer biocomposites: From design to application was written by Jedrzejczak, Patryk;Puszka, Andrzej;Kubiak, Adam;Podkoscielna, Beata;Klapiszewski, Lukasz. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2021.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Within this study, the ZrO₂/lignin and ZrO₂-SiO₂/lignin hybrid materials were obtained for the first time. The mech. grinding method was used for this purpose. In order to determine the properties of obtained lignin-based hybrids and the components used to produce them, as well as to evaluate the efficiency of their preparation, the authors used such research techniques as SEM (SEM), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental anal., porous structure anal. and thermal stability assessment (TGA/DTG). The next step involved using the components and produced hybrid materials as polymer fillers for poly(Me methacrylate) (PMMA). The obtained lignin-based hybrid biocomposites have then been thoroughly characterized using gel permeation chromatog. (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mech. anal. (DMA) and hardness testing. All the conducted tests confirm the possibility of using the obtained bio-based products in practice, within the widely understood construction industry, for producing durable building facades or noise barriers, among others. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Synthetic Route of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Optimization of the identification of chemical compounds by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and subsequent multivariate analysis was written by Kessler, T.;Hoffmann, P.;Greve, T.;Ortner, H. M.. And the article was included in X-Ray Spectrometry in 2002.Recommanded Product: Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate This article mentions the following:

Chem. compounds were measured by EDXRF (with three different types of instrumentation). The spectra were used to evaluate discriminant anal. classification. The chem. compounds were primarily classified by their fluorescence signals. Valuable addnl. information was obtained from the spectral range of the Compton and the Rayleigh scattering regions using multivariate methods (e.g. PCA and RDA). An improvement over earlier work was achieved considering different parameters such as the position of the sample, the grain size of a chem. compound and the thickness of the package wall. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Recommanded Product: Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Treatment of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause. was written by Palacios, S;Mejía, A;Neyro, J L. And the article was included in Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society in 2015.Synthetic Route of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

The vagina, vulva, vestibule, labia majora/minora, and bladder trigone have a high concentration of estrogen receptors; therefore, they are a sensitive biological indicator of serum levels of these hormones in women. The estrogen loss in postmenopausal women produces a dysfunction called genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The principal therapeutic goal in the genitourinary syndrome of menopause is to relieve symptoms. Treatment options, as well as local and systemic hormonal treatment are changes in lifestyle and non-hormonal treatments mainly based on the use of moisturizers and lubricants. New treatments that have recently appeared are ospemifeme, the first selective hormone receptor modulator for dyspareunia and vulvovaginal atrophy treatment, and the use of vaginal laser. This review has been written with the intention of giving recommendations on the prevention and treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Synthetic Route of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Synthetic Route of C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Advances in pharmacotherapy for treating female sexual dysfunction was written by Nappi, Rossella E.;Cucinella, Laura. And the article was included in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy in 2015.Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Introduction: ‘Female sexual dysfunction’ (FSD) is an umbrella term comprising a range of common disorders, including hypoactive sexual desire, reduced subjective and/or phys. genital arousal (poor sensation, vasocongestion, lubrication), sexual pain and inability to achieve orgasm/satisfaction, which are multidimensional by nature and often coexisting. Psychol. and contextual factors have a significant influence on organic components of sexual response and behavior and a tailored medical approach to sexual symptoms is inevitably limited. Areas covered: The paper reports the most recent advances in pharmacotherapy for women taking into account the biopsychosocial model. Hormone therapy, including estrogens, testosterone, tibolone and dehydroepiandrosterone, are discussed in term of efficacy and safety in postmenopausal women both for female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD) and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. Ospemifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, approved to treat dyspareunia at menopause, is also discussed. Data on psychoactive agents for treatment of FSIAD in premenopausal women are discussed, including the potential use of on-demand combined hormonal (testosterone) and non-hormonal (buspirone or sildenafil) treatments to address possible neurophysiol. profiles of women. Expert opinion: We are still waiting for an approved pharmacotherapy for FSD. This is not the result of gender inequality in sexual medicine, but it reflects the need of balancing benefits and risks in order to provide effective and safe treatments to women of any age. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Noncandidal vaginitis: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management was written by Neal, Chemen M.;Kus, Lauren H.;Eckert, Linda O.;Peipert, Jeffrey F.. And the article was included in American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2020.SDS of cas: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Vaginitis is one of the most common causes of patient visits to gynecologists, primary care providers, and urgent care centers. However, many women leave without a clear diagnosis or experience recurrent symptoms despite treatment. The 3 most common etiologies of vaginitis are trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis, which account for an estimated 70% of cases. The remaining 30% may be related to other causes of vaginitis, including atrophic vaginitis, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, and vaginal erosive disease. The purpose of this review is to describe the noncandidal causes of acute and recurrent vaginitis, with the goal of improving the likelihood of accurate diagnosis as well as efficient and effective therapy. We excluded candidal vaginitis from our review because there was a recently published review on this topic in the Journal. The clin. presentation and evaluation of patients with symptoms of vaginitis can be triaged into 1 of 2 diagnostic pathways: noninflammatory and inflammatory vaginitis. The most common noninflammatory cause is bacterial vaginosis. Features such as irritation, purulent discharge, and the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils are more suggestive of an inflammatory process. Trichomoniasis is the most common cause of inflammatory vaginitis. Other well-described forms of inflammatory vaginitis include atrophic vaginitis, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, and erosive disease. We present a review of the pathogenesis, symptoms, examination findings, diagnostic testing, and treatment for each of these causes of noncandidal vaginitis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7SDS of cas: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene metabolism in humans in vitro and in vivo: metabolite identification, quantitation, and CYP assignment of major hydroxylations was written by Tolonen, Ari;Koskimies, Pasi;Turpeinen, Miia;Uusitalo, Jouko;Lammintausta, Risto;Pelkonen, Olavi. And the article was included in Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions in 2013.Application In Synthesis of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Background: The metabolism of ospemifene, a novel nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator, was investigated as part of its development. Methods: Metabolite identification, tentative quantitation, and CYP assignment of ospemifene were performed in human liver microsomes or homogenate incubations and in plasma samples from volunteer humans. The potential contributions of CYP enzymes were determined by recombinant human CYPs. Metabolite identification and tentative quantification were performed by liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Results: The relative abundances of metabolites produced were dependent on ospemifene concentration and liver preparation, but the largest quantities of 4- and 4′-hydroxy-ospemifene (and their glucuronides in smaller quantities) were produced in human liver microsomes at low ospemifene concentrations Other metabolites were detected in in vitro incubation with human liver including a direct glucuronide of ospemifene and some metabolites with only minor abundance. In human plasma samples, 4-hydroxy-ospemifene was the most abundant metabolite, representing about 25% of the abundance of the parent compound All the other metabolites detected in plasma, including 4′-hydroxy-ospemifene, represented <7% of the abundance of ospemifene. Several CYP enzymes participated in 4-hydroxylation, including CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4, whereas CYP3A enzymes were the only ones to catalyze 4′-hydroxylation. Conclusions: In vitro incubations with liver preparations provided a rather reliable starting point in the search for potential metabolites in clin. settings. The in vitro metabolite profile is informative for the in vivo metabolite profile, especially regarding the major hydroxylated metabolites. However, it is anticipated that extended in vivo exposures may result in an increased production of more distal metabolites from major metabolites. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Application In Synthesis of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Smart pH-Responsive Antimicrobial Hydrogel Scaffolds Prepared by Additive Manufacturing was written by Garcia, Carolina;Gallardo, Alberto;Lopez, Daniel;Elvira, Carlos;Azzahti, Asma;Lopez-Martinez, Elena;Cortajarena, Aitziber L.;Gonzalez-Henriquez, Carmen M.;Sarabia-Vallejos, Mauricio A.;Rodriguez-Hernandez, Juan. And the article was included in ACS Applied Bio Materials in 2018.Product Details of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

We report on the fabrication of 3D printed pH-responsive and antimicrobial hydrogels with a micrometer-scale resolution achieved by stereolithog. (SLA) 3D printing. The preparation of the hydrogels was optimized by selecting the most appropriate difunctional polyethylene glycol dimethacrylates (testing crosslinking agents with chain lengths ranging from 2 up to 14 units ethylene glycol) and introducing acrylic acid (AA) as a monofunctional monomer. As a result of the incorporation of AA, the hydrogels described are able to reversibly swell and shrink upon environmental changes on the pH, and the swelling extent is directly related to the amount of AA and can be thus finely tuned. More interestingly, upon optimization of the UV penetration depth employing a photoabsorber (Sudan I), a reliable procedure for the fabrication of 3D objects with a high model accuracy is shown. Finally, the antimicrobial properties of all of the hydrogels were demonstrated using Staphylococcus aureus as a bacterial model. We found that even those hydrogels with a low amount of AA monomeric units presented excellent antimicrobial properties against S. aureus. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Product Details of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Product Details of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts