Tag: 300-400

Crystallization kinetics of calcium lactate in a mixed-suspension-mixed-product removal crystallizer was written by Chemaly, Z.;Muhr, H.;Fick, M.. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 1999.Recommanded Product: Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate This article mentions the following:

Continuous crystallization of calcium lactate pentahydrate was investigated in a mixed-suspension-mixed-product removal crystallizer. Wide ranges of the mean residence time, relative supersaturation, and magma d. were covered (40-215 min, 0.01-1.12, and 2-65 kg/m³, resp.). Crystal growth was found to be dependent on crystal size. The Abegg, Stevens, and Larson model and the Mydlarz and Jones model were tested for the determination of the kinetics parameters from exptl. results. Zero-size and larger size crystal growth rate values were found to be on the order of 10^-13 and 10^-8 m/s, resp. A first-order growth kinetics resulted for both large and small crystals. Nucleation rate values were very high (≈10¹³-10¹⁵ number/m³·s). Nucleation kinetics could not be described by a unique power law equation because two different nucleation mechanisms appeared to control crystallization at low and high residence times, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Recommanded Product: Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ni-Catalyzed Formal Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Alcohols with Aryl Halides was written by Lin, Quan;Ma, Guobin;Gong, Hegui. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2021.Name: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

A strategy building upon in-situ halogenation/reductive coupling of alcs. with aryl halides to forge Csp²-Csp³ bonds was demonstrated. The combination of 2-chloro-3-ethylbenzo[d]oxazol-3-ium salt (CEBO) and TBAB as the mild bromination reagents enabled rapid transformation of a wide range of alcs. to their bromide counterparts within one to 5 min in CH₃CN and DMF, which was compatible with the Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling conditions in the presence of a chem. reductant. The method is suitable for arylation of a myriad of structurally complex alcs. with no need for prepreparation of alkyl halides. More importantly, the mild and kinetically rapid bromination process showed good selectivity in the bromination/arylation of sym. diols and less sterically hindered hydroxyl groups in polyols, thus offering promise for selective functionalization of diols and polyols without laborious protecting/deprotecting operations. The practicality of this work was also evident in the arylation of a number of carbohydrates, drug compounds, and naturally occurring alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Name: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Name: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of CaO-based sorbents through incorporation of alumina/aluminate and their CO₂ capture performance was written by Zhou, Zhiming;Qi, Yang;Xie, Miaomiao;Cheng, Zhenmin;Yuan, Weikang. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Science in 2012.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

CaO-based CO₂ sorbents derived from various Ca and Al precursors were synthesized using a wet mixing method and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), and N₂ adsorption/desorption. As-synthesized sorbents consisted of active CaO and inert support materials which could be Al₂O₃, Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃, or Ca₉Al₆O₁₈, depending on their Ca and Al precursors used during synthesis. A formation mechanism for inert support materials is proposed. Compared to pure CaO, most synthetic CaO-based sorbents exhibited much higher CO₂ capture capability and stability over multiple carbonation/calcination cycles. This was ascribed to the relatively high sp. surface area of the sorbents, their bimodal pore size distribution with a fair number of small pores, and the inert support material which could effectively prevent or delay CaO particle sintering. Among the synthetic sorbents, CaO-Ca₉Al₆O₁₈, with an 80 weight percent CaO content derived from calcium citrate and aluminum nitrate exhibited the best CO₂ capture performance, and is expected to be used for the sorption-enhanced steam CH₄ reforming process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Investigation of mechanical and thermodynamic properties of pH-sensitive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogels prepared with different crosslinking agents was written by Orakdogen, Nermin. And the article was included in Polymer Engineering & Science in 2013.COA of Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

PH-sensitive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical crosslinking polymerization using two different crosslinking agents; tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGMA) and N,N’-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BAAm). The influence of the polymerization factors such as the type of the crosslinking agent and the gel preparation concentration on the swelling behavior, the gel strength, the effective crosslinking d. and the average chain length between the crosslink points for the resulting hydrogels was investigated. The results of the equilibrium swelling measurements in water showed that the linear swelling ratio of the resulting hydrogels increases with increasing gel preparation concentration The swelling ratio of PDMAEMA hydrogels crosslinked with BAAm is larger than those for hydrogels crosslinked with TEGMA over the entire range of the polymer network concentration The hydrogels exhibit very sharp pH-sensitive phase transition in a very narrow range of pH between 7.7 and 8.0. From the mech. measurements, it was also found that the linear swelling ratio of resulting hydrogels depends on the crosslinking d. and also the type of the crosslinker used in the preparation The resulting hydrogels are thought to be good candidates for pH-sensitive drug delivery systems. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1COA of Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.COA of Formula: C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polymethacrylate monolithic columns for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography prepared using a secondary surface polymerization was written by Currivan, Sinead;Macak, Jan M.;Jandera, Pavel. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2015.Electric Literature of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Zwitterionic methacrylate based polymeric monolithic columns were prepared in two-step polymerizations, with reduced polymerization times. Characteristic properties such as hydrodynamic permeability, porosity, retention factors, and pore size distribution charts were used for column evaluation. A scaffold column was fabricated by polymerization of poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) and was used without further modification as a support for a poly(N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine-co-bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate) 2nd monolith layer with zwitterionic functionality, for HILIC separations An addnl. internal structure was formed by the 2nd monolithic layer. The fabrication procedure was reproducible with relative standard deviation < 5%. Field emission SEM also was used to study column pore morphol., using a novel technique where the polymeric material is imaged directly, without coverage with a conducting film or particles. The polar monolithic columns were used for HILIC separations of phenolic acids, flavones, nucleosides, and bases of nucleic acids, with similar efficiencies but different selectivities for zwitterionic methacrylate monolithic columns recently prepared by single step polymerization In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Electric Literature of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of ospemifene on quality of life and sexual function in young survivors of cervical cancer: a prospective study was written by De Rosa, Nicoletta;Lavitola, Giada;Giampaolino, Pierluigi;Morra, Ilaria;Nappi, Carmine;Bifulco, Giuseppe. And the article was included in BioMed Research International in 2017.COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Cervical cancer (CC) treatments impact quality of life (QoL) and sexual function (SF) of survivors. Treatment options to reduce sexual dysfunction are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ospemifene in CC survivors with clin. signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) focusing on their QoL and SF. Fifty-two patients with previous diagnosis of stage I-IIa CC suffering from VVA and treated with ospemifene were enrolled into a single arm prospective study. Patient underwent 6 mo of therapy. At baseline and after 6 mo all subjects performed Vaginal Health Index (VHI). The SF and QoL were measured by The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) and the Cervical Cancer Module (CXC-24). After treatment a significant improvement of each parameter of VHI has been demonstrated. Global health status and emotional and social functioning scores improved significantly. On the contrary, general symptoms scales did not show significant difference from baseline data. Sexual activity, sexual vaginal functioning, body image, and sexual enjoyment scores increased significantly. Ospemifene seems to be effective in decreasing the VVA symptoms in CC survivors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assessment of Ospemifene or Lubricants on Clinical Signs of VVA was written by Constantine, Ginger;Graham, Shelli;Koltun, William D.;Kingsberg, Sheryl A.. And the article was included in Journal of Sexual Medicine in 2014.Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Introduction : Ospemifene is a new oral estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist with tissue-selective effects approved for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, a symptom of postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA). Aim : The aim of the study is to assess ospemifene or lubricant use on the clin. signs of VVA. Methods : Subjects in three double-blind, placebo-controlled clin. trials were randomized to ospemifene or placebo. In two of the trials, women were provided nonhormonal lubricants for use as needed, and a preplanned evaluation of the frequency of lubricant use was performed. Addnl., a post hoc placebo group anal. for impact of lubricant use or nonuse on physiol. effects of the percentage of superficial and parabasal cells (maturation index) and vaginal pH was conducted. A secondary preplanned end point included visual examination of the vagina (clin. signs of vaginal dryness, petechiae, pallor, friability, and redness of the mucosa) comparing change from baseline to end of treatment for the ospemifene 60-mg/day group and vs. placebo. Main Outcome Measures : The primary end points in the phase 3 clin. trials included the percentage of superficial cells, parabasal cells, vaginal pH, and most bothersome symptoms compared with placebo. Results : There was no significant difference in physiol. effects between placebo lubricant users vs. nonusers in either 12-wk study. Compared with baseline, substantially more subjects receiving ospemifene 60 mg/day than placebo showed complete resolution of clin. signs of VVA after 12 and 52 wk of treatment. Conclusions : Ospemifene substantially improved clin. signs of VVA. Within the placebo group, there was no difference in physiol. effects in lubricant users vs. nonusers. Based on gynecol. evaluation of the vagina, benefits were apparent at 12 wk and sustained for 52 wk in the ospemifene-treated subjects with significant improvement over placebo. In these three clin. trials, in contrast to ospemifene-treated women, placebo subjects who utilized lubricants had no improvement in their underlying vaginal physiol. Constantine G, Graham S, Koltun WD, and Kingsberg SA. Assessment of ospemifene or lubricants on clin. signs of VVA. J Sex Med 2014;11:1033-1041. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Anti-Stokes Stress Sensing: Mechanochemical Activation of Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion was written by Yildiz, Deniz;Baumann, Christoph;Mikosch, Annabel;Kuehne, Alexander J. C.;Herrmann, Andreas;Goestl, Robert. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

The development of methods to detect damage in macromol. materials is of paramount importance to understand their mech. failure and the structure-property relationships of polymers. Mechanofluorophores are useful and sensitive mol. motifs for this purpose. However, to date, tailoring of their optical properties remains challenging and correlating emission intensity to force induced material damage and the resp. events on the mol. level is complicated by intrinsic limitations of fluorescence and its detection techniques. Now, this is tackled by developing the first stress-sensing motif that relies on photon upconversion. By combining the Diels-Alder adduct of a π-extended anthracene with the porphyrin-based triplet sensitizer PtOEP in polymers, triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion of green to blue light is mechanochem. activated in solution as well as in the solid state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vaginal estrogen and mammogram results: case series and review of literature on treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in breast cancer survivors. was written by Zuo, Stephanie Wang;Wu, Harold;Shen, Wen. And the article was included in Menopause (New York, N.Y.) in 2018.Formula: C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

OBJECTIVE: To examine mammographic density before and after at least 1 year of vaginal estrogen use in a small cohort of healthy postmenopausal women and women with a personal history of breast cancer. METHODS: We extracted data via chart review of patients from a single practitioner’s menopause specialty clinic in Baltimore, MD. Mammographic change was primarily determined via the Bi-RADS scoring system, including the Bi-RADS density score. In addition, we conduct a narrative review of the current literature on the usage of local estrogen therapy, and systemic and local alternatives in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in breast cancer survivors. RESULTS: Twenty healthy postmenopausal women and three breast cancer survivors fit our inclusion criteria. Amongst these two groups, we did not find an increase in mammographic density after at least 1 year and up to 18 years of local vaginal estrogen. Ospemifene use in one patient did not appear to be associated with any change in Bi-RADS score. Our narrative review found little data on the effects of vaginal estrogen therapy or newer alternative systemic therapies such as ospemifene on mammographic density. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose vaginal estrogen use for 1 or more years in a small cohort of women with GSM did not appear to be associated with any changes in breast density or Bi-RADS breast cancer risk scores in the majority of study participants, including three breast cancer survivors. Larger long-term controlled clinical trials should be conducted to examine the effects of low-dose vaginal estrogen on mammographic density in women with and without a personal history of breast cancer. Furthermore, relative efficacy and risk of vaginal estrogen compared with other forms of treatment for GSM should also be studied in long-term trials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Formula: C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Complexation hydrogels as potential carriers in oral vaccine delivery systems was written by Yoshida, Mia;Kamei, Noriyasu;Muto, Keiya;Kunisawa, Jun;Takayama, Kozo;Peppas, Nicholas A.;Takeda-Morishita, Mariko. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics in 2017.Product Details of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Most current vaccine preparations are in injectable forms, which are inconvenient to patients and ineffective in mucosal immunization. Therefore, most research in this field has been directed at developing ideal oral vaccines enabling the induction of both systemic and mucosal immune responses. In the present study, we examined the utility of a pH-responsive polymeric carrier, poly (methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol) [P (MAA-g-EG)] hydrogel, as a potential oral vaccine carrier that can protect cargo proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. Ovalbumin (OVA) and cholera toxin (CT) were first used as the model antigen and mucosal adjuvant, resp. In vitro incorporation and releasing studies demonstrated that approx. 30% of both OVA and CT were entrapped in the P(MAA-g-EG) hydrogel, and the release of such proteins from the hydrogel to the media was pH-dependent. In vivo oral administration of an OVA-loaded hydrogel (OVA-LP) with either CT or a CT-loaded hydrogel (CT-LP) to rats increased the levels of anti-OVA IgG in the plasma. Furthermore, when CT-LP was orally administered to mice as an antigen, both anti-CT IgG in the plasma and IgA in the fecal extract were detected. These results indicated that the P(MAA-g-EG) hydrogel is a promising and useful carrier for developing oral vaccine delivery systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Product Details of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts