Tag: 300-400

Influence of nanogel additive hydrophilicity on dental adhesive mechanical performance and dentin bonding was written by Gotti, Valeria B.;Correr, Americo B.;Lewis, Steven H.;Feitosa, Victor P.;Correr-Sobrinho, Lourenco;Stansbury, Jeffrey W.. And the article was included in Dental Materials in 2016.Product Details of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

To assess the influence of hydrophilicity of reactive nanogels on the mech. performance of dental adhesives and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin after 24 h or 3 mo of aging.A series of three nanogels were synthesized: NG1-IBMA/UDMA; NG2-HEMA/BisGMA; NG3-HEMA/TE-EGDMA. The nanogels were dispersed in solvent, HEMA or BisGMA/HEMA. The degree of conversion (DC) of the materials was measured and the flexural modulus of these polymers was evaluated in dry or wet conditions. For μTBS anal., a model adhesive was used without nanogel (control) or with the incorporation of nanogels. μTBS was evaluated after storage in distilled water for 24 h or 3 mo. The anal. of the fracture was performed after μTBS testing. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).Water significantly increased the modulus of NG1 and NG2 dispersed in solvent, while significantly decreased the stiffness of NG3. All polymers dispersed in HEMA and BisGMA/HEMA had significantly lower modulus when stored in water. NG2 showed the highest DC in solvent and BisGMA/HEMA. In HEMA, NG1 and NG3 produced the highest DC. After three months, NG2 showed the best μTBS. The μTBS of NG2-containing adhesive resin significantly increased after 3 mo, while storage had no effect in the control group, NG1 and NG3.The more hydrophobic IBMA/UDMA nanogel showed higher bulk material mech. property results, but the best dentin bond strength values, and notably strength values that improved upon storage, were obtained with the amphiphilic nanogel based on BisGMA/HEMA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Product Details of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Remineralizing fluorine containing bioactive glass composites was written by Al-eesa, N. A.;Fernandes, S. Diniz;Hill, R. G.;Wong, F. S. L.;Jargalsaikhan, U.;Shahid, S.. And the article was included in Dental Materials in 2021.COA of Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

The objective was to investigate the mech. properties, fluoride release and apatite formation of resin based dental composites based on a fluoride containing Bioactive Glass (BG) with and without a silylating agent. A SiO₂-P₂O₅-CaO-SrO-Na₂O-CaF₂ BG was synthesized by the melt quench route. This glass and a com. available inert glass (IG) were incorporated into a light cured BisGMA-TEGMA resin. The composite resins were then evaluated in terms of their ability to form apatite by Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and by SEM (SEM) following immersion in artificial saliva at pH 4 (AS4) and pH 7 (AS7). The experiments were performed with and without silylation of the BG. The compressive strength and flexural strength were determined after 1, 28 and 84 days of immersion in the AS4 and AS7 immersion media. The FTIR spectra of the BG composites exhibited split bands at approx. 560 and 600 cm^-1 corresponding to a apatite formation in the surface or on the surface under all immersion conditions. SEM showed the presence of a reacted layer of glass particles in the composite surface and the presence of a surface layer of apatite in AS7. The compressive strength and flexural strength were significantly higher for the silylated BG composites. The strengths of both silylated and non silylated BG composites and IG composites decreased upon immersion. BG composites exhibit reduced strengths upon immersion but still exhibit strengths comparable to existing composites after 84 days of immersion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1COA of Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

SulfoxFluor-enabled deoxyazidation of alcohols with NaN₃ was written by Guo, Junkai;Wang, Xiu;Ni, Chuanfa;Wan, Xiaolong;Hu, Jinbo. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Recommanded Product: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Direct deoxyazidation of alcs. with NaN₃ is a straightforward method for the synthesis of widely used alkyl azides in organic chem. A general and practical method for the preparation of alkyl azides from alcs. using NaN₃ was developed. N-tosyl-4-chlorobenzenesulfonimidoyl fluoride (SulfoxFluor) played an important role in this deoxyazidation process, which converted a broad range of alcs. into alkyl azides at room temperature The power of this deoxyazidation protocol was demonstrated by successful late-stage deoxyazidation of natural products and pharmaceutically relevant mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Recommanded Product: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Investigation of the thermal decomposition of some calcium salts used in medicine was written by Wesolowski, M.;Konarski, T.. And the article was included in Chemia Analityczna (Warsaw) in 1996.Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate This article mentions the following:

The thermal decomposition of several calcium salts of organic acids used in medicine, lactate pentahydrate, gluconate hydrate, lactogluconate, pantothenate, cyclobarbital and cardiamid trihydrate was investigated. Sample weights were from 20 to 200 mg, and the heating rate was from 3 to 15 K min^-1. The thermal decomposition of calcium salts occurred via several stages. The stages of dehydration of hydrates and of decarboxylation of calcium carbonate are distinctly marked on the thermoanal. curves, which may be used for the control of composition of the studied compounds The ranges of temperature, in which the analyzed compounds can be transformed without any change of their physicochem. properties, were established. A possibility of application of the Kissinger’s equation for calculating the parameters of the decomposition kinetics was indicated as well. For chemometric evaluation of the results, the principal component anal. (PCA) was applied. By this method the influence of heating rate and sample size on the thermal decomposition of the compounds was determined In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The discovery and development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for clinical practice was written by Maximov, Philipp Y.;Lee, Theresa M.;Jordan, V. Craig. And the article was included in Current Clinical Pharmacology in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are structurally different compounds that interact with intracellular estrogen receptors in target organs as estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. These drugs have been intensively studied over the past decade and have proven to be a highly versatile group for the treatment of different conditions associated with postmenopausal women’s health, including hormone responsive cancer and osteoporosis. Tamoxifen, a failed contraceptive is currently used to treat all stages of breast cancer, chemoprevention in women at high risk for breast cancer and also has beneficial effects on bone mineral d. and serum lipids in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene, a failed breast cancer drug, is the only SERM approved internationally for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. However, although these SERMs have many benefits, they also have some potentially serious adverse effects, such as thromboembolic disorders and, in the case of tamoxifen, uterine cancer. These adverse effects represent a major concern given that long-term therapy is required to prevent osteoporosis or prevent and treat breast cancer. The search for the ‘ideal’ SERM, which would have estrogenic effects on bone and serum lipids, neutral effects on the uterus, and antiestrogenic effects on breast tissue, but none of the adverse effects associated with current therapies, is currently under way. Ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene and arzoxifene, which are new SERM mols. with potentially greater efficacy and potency than previous SERMs, have been investigated for use in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. These drugs have been shown to be comparably effective to conventional hormone replacement therapy in animal models, with potential indications for an improved safety profile. Clin. efficacy data from ongoing phase III trials are available or are awaited for each SERM so that a true understanding of the therapeutic potential of these compounds can be obtained. In this article, we describe the discovery and development of the group of medicines called SERMs. The newer SERMs in late development: ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene, are arzoxifene are described in detail. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of type and concentration of nanoclay on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of bis- GMA/TTEGDMA dental resins was written by Encalada-Alayola, J. J.;Veranes-Pantoja, Y.;Uribe-Calderon, J. A.;Cauich-Rodriguez, J. V.;Cervantes-Uc, J. M.. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2020.Electric Literature of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Bis-GMA/TTEGDMA-based resin composites were prepared with two different types of nanoclays: an organically modified laminar clay (Cloisite 30B, montmorillonite, MMT) and a microfibrous clay (palygorskite, PLG). Their physicochem. and mech. properties were then determined Both MMT and PLG nanoclays were added into monomer mixture (1:1 ratio) at different loading levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weight%), and the resulting composites were characterized by SEM (SEM), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), dynamic mech. anal. (DMA) and mech. testing (bending and compressive properties). Thermal properties, depth of cure and water absorption were not greatly affected by the type of nanoclay, while the mech. properties of dental resin composites depended on both the variety and concentration of nanoclay. In this regard, composites containing MMT displayed higher mech. strength (both flexural and compression) than those resins prepared with PLG due to a poor nanoclay dispersion as revealed by SEM. Solubility of the composites was dependent not only on nanoclay-type but also the mineral concentration Dental composites fulfilled the min. depth cure and solubility criteria set by the ISO 4049 standard In contrast, the min. bending strength (50 MPa) established by the international standard was only satisfied by the dental resins containing MMT. Based on these results, composites containing either MMT or PLG are potentially suitable for use in dental restorative resins, although those prepared with MMT displayed better results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Electric Literature of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Electric Literature of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Atrophy and Dyspareunia in Postmenopausal Women was written by McLendon, Amber N.;Clinard, Valerie B.;Woodis, C. Brock. And the article was included in Pharmacotherapy in 2014.Reference of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and dyspareunia are common problems experienced by postmenopausal women, although few seek treatment. Symptom-based therapies include nonhormonal vaginal lubricants, vaginal moisturizers, low-dose vaginal estrogen, and systemic estrogen. The 2013 United States Food and Drug Administration approval of ospemifene, an estrogen agonist/antagonist for the treatment of moderate-to-severe dyspareunia associated with VVA, increased options available to women. Several studies have evaluated the effects of ospemifene on VVA and dyspareunia and indicate an improvement in subjective findings. Objective findings such as a decrease in pH and recovery of a premenopausal vaginal maturation index have been reported. Beneficial effects have also been demonstrated in bone. Evaluations of breast health support the safety of ospemifene, although data are limited to 1 yr. Short-term risks appear to be limited and include the development of hot flushes. Until addnl. comparative studies of ospemifene and estrogens have been performed, ospemifene should be recommended for women with symptoms of VVA and dyspareunia who are unable to tolerate or unwilling to take local or systemic estrogens. In this review, current evidence for the safety and efficacy of ospemifene in the treatment of moderate-to-severe VVA and dyspareunia are evaluated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Reference of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Osteogenic Capacity of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells is Preserved Following Triggering of Shape Memory Scaffolds was written by Tseng, Ling-Fang;Wang, Jing;Baker, Richard M.;Wang, Guirong;Mather, Patrick T.;Henderson, James H.. And the article was included in Tissue Engineering, Part A in 2016.Quality Control of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

Recent advances in shape memory polymers have enabled the study of programmable, shape-changing, cytocompatible tissue engineering scaffolds. For treatment of bone defects, scaffolds with shape memory functionality have been studied for their potential for minimally invasive delivery, conformal fitting to defect margins, and defect stabilization. However, the extent to which the osteogenic differentiation capacity of stem cells resident in shape memory scaffolds is preserved following programmed shape change has not yet been determined As a result, the feasibility of shape memory polymer scaffolds being employed in stem cell-based treatment strategies remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that stem cell osteogenic differentiation can be preserved during and following triggering of programmed architectural changes in shape memory polymer scaffolds, human adipose-derived stem cells were seeded in shape memory polymer foam scaffolds or in shape memory polymer fibrous scaffolds programmed to expand or contract, resp., when warmed to body temperature Osteogenic differentiation in shape-changing and control scaffolds was compared using mineral deposition, protein production, and gene expression assays. For both shape-changing and control scaffolds, qual. and quant. comparable amounts of mineral deposition were observed; comparable levels of alk. phosphatase activity were measured; and no significant differences in the expression of genetic markers of osteogenesis were detected. These findings support the feasibility of employing shape memory in scaffolds for stem cell-based therapies for bone repair. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Quality Control of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Quality Control of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Profile of ospemifene in the breast was written by Berga, Sarah L.. And the article was included in Reproductive Sciences in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) is a chronic, progressive medical condition prevalent among postmenopausal women, which produces symptoms such as dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, and vaginal irritation. Currently, the only prescription options are systemic and vaginal estrogen therapies that may be limited by concerns about long-term safety and breast cancer risk. Ospemifene is a tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist (a selective estrogen receptor modulator) recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of dyspareunia, a symptom of VVA, due to menopause. Ospemifene, the first nonestrogen oral treatment for this indication, may provide an alternative to treatment with estrogen. Animal models with ospemifene suggest an inhibitory effect on growth of malignant breast tissue, but animal data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to humans. Clin. trials, including 3 long-term studies assessing the overall safety of ospemifene, support that ospemifene is generally well tolerated, with beneficial effects on the vagina, neutral effects on the breast, and minimal effects on the endometrium. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Powder X-ray diffraction can differentiate between enantiomeric variants of calcium lactate pentahydrate crystal in cheese was written by Tansman, G. F.;Kindstedt, P. S.;Hughes, J. M.. And the article was included in Journal of Dairy Science in 2014.Electric Literature of C6H20CaO11 This article mentions the following:

Powder X-ray diffraction has been used for decades to identify crystals of calcium lactate pentahydrate in Cheddar cheese. According to this method, diffraction patterns are generated from a powd. sample of the crystals and compared with reference cards within a database that contains the diffraction patterns of known crystals. During a preliminary study of crystals harvested from various Cheddar cheese samples, we observed 2 slightly different but distinct diffraction patterns that suggested that calcium lactate pentahydrate may be present in 2 different crystalline forms. We hypothesized that the 2 diffraction patterns corresponded to 2 enantiomeric forms of calcium lactate pentahydrate (L– and DL-) that are believed to occur in Cheddar cheese, based on previous studies involving enzymic analyses of the lactate enantiomers in crystals obtained from Cheddar cheeses. However, the powder X-ray diffraction database currently contains only one reference diffraction card under the title “calcium lactate pentahydrate.”. To resolve this apparent gap in the powder X-ray diffraction database, we generated diffraction patterns from reagent-grade calcium L-lactate pentahydrate and laboratory-synthesized calcium DL-lactate pentahydrate. From the resulting diffraction patterns we determined that the existing reference diffraction card corresponds to calcium DL-lactate pentahydrate and that the other form of calcium lactate pentahydrate observed in cheese crystals corresponds to calcium L-lactate pentahydrate. Therefore, this report presents detailed data from the 2 diffraction patterns, which may be used to prepare 2 reference diffraction cards that differentiate calcium L-lactate pentahydrate from calcium DL-lactate pentahydrate. Furthermore, we collected crystals from the exteriors and interiors of Cheddar cheeses to demonstrate the ability of powder X-ray diffraction to differentiate between the 2 forms of calcium lactate pentahydrate crystals in Cheddar cheeses. Powder X-ray diffraction results were validated using enzymic assays for lactate enantiomers. These results demonstrated that powder X-ray diffraction can be used as a diagnostic tool to quickly identify different forms of calcium lactate pentahydrate that may occur in Cheddar cheese. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Electric Literature of C6H20CaO11).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Electric Literature of C6H20CaO11

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts