Tag: 200-300

Fluorescent Polystyrene Microbeads as Invisible Security Ink and Optical Vapor Sensor for 4-Nitrotoluene was written by Sonawane, Swapnil L.;Asha, S. K.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2016.SDS of cas: 4074-88-8 This article mentions the following:

Color-tunable solid-state emitting polystyrene (PS) microbeads were developed by dispersion polymerization, which showed excellent fluorescent security ink characteristics along with sensitive detection of vapors of nitro aromatics like 4-nitro toluene (4-NT). The fluorophores pyrene and perylenebisimide were incorporated into the PS backbone as acrylate monomer and acrylate cross-linker, resp. Solid state quantum yields of 94 and 20% were observed for the pyrene and perylenebisimide, resp., in the PS/Py and PS/PBI polymers. The morphol. and solid state fluorescence was measured by SEM, fluorescence microscopy, and absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The ethanol dispersion of the polymer could be used directly as a fluorescent security “invisible” ink, which became visible only under UV light. The color of the ink could be tuned depending on the amounts of the pyrene and perylenebisimide incorporated with blue and orange-green for pyrene alone or perylenebisimide alone beads resp. and various shades in between including pure white for beads incorporating both the fluorophores. More than 80% quenching of pyrene emission was observed upon exposure of the polymer in the form of powder or as spin-coated films to the vapors of 4-NT while the emission of perylenebisimide was unaffected. The limit of detection was estimated at 10^-5 moles (2.7 ppm) of 4-NT vapors. The ease of synthesis of the material along with its invisible ink characteristics and nitro aromatic vapor detection opens up new opportunities for exploring the application of these PS-based materials as optical sensors and fluorescent ink for security purposes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8SDS of cas: 4074-88-8).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 4074-88-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles with controllable drug loading and release through a simple assembly approach was written by Fang, Chen;Kievit, Forrest M.;Veiseh, Omid;Stephen, Zachary R.;Wang, Tingzhong;Lee, Donghoon;Ellenbogen, Richard G.;Zhang, Miqin. And the article was included in Journal of Controlled Release in 2012.Formula: C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics promises to improve drug delivery safety and efficacy. However, fabrication of consistent theranostic nanoparticles with high and controllable drug loading remains a challenge, primarily due to the cumbersome, multi-step synthesis processes conventionally applied. Here, we present a simple and highly controllable method for assembly of theranostic nanoparticles, which may greatly reduce batch-to-batch variation. The major components of this nanoparticle system include a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION), a biodegradable and pH-sensitive poly (beta-amino ester) (PBAE) copolymer, a chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Here the polymer pre-loaded with drug is directly assembled to the surface of SPIONs forming a drug loaded nanoparticle (NP-DOX). NP-DOX demonstrated a high drug loading efficiency of 679 μg DOX per mg iron, sustained stability in cell culture media up to 7 days, and a strong r₂ relaxivity of 146 mM^-1·s^-1 for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The drug release anal. of NP-DOX showed fast DOX release at pH 5.5 and 6.4 (as in endosomal environment) and slow release at pH 7.4 (physiol. condition), demonstrating pH-sensitive drug release kinetics. In vitro evaluation of NP-DOX efficacy using drug-resistant C6 glioma cells showed a 300% increase in cellular internalization at 24 h post-treatment and 65% reduction of IC50 at 72 h post-treatment when compared to free DOX. These nanoparticles could serve as a foundation for building smart theranostic formulations for sensitive detection through MRI and effective treatment of cancer by controlled drug release. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Formula: C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Resveratrol and related stilbene derivatives induce stress granules with distinct clearance kinetics was written by Amen, Triana;Guihur, Anthony;Zelent, Christina;Ursache, Robertas;Wilting, Joerg;Kaganovich, Daniel. And the article was included in Molecular Biology of the Cell in 2021.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Stress granules (SGs) are ribonucleoprotein functional condensates that form under stress conditions in all eukaryotic cells. Although their stress-survival function is far from clear, SGs have been implicated in the regulation of many vital cellular pathways. Consequently, SG dysfunction is thought to be a mechanistic point of origin for many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Addnl., SGs are thought to play a role in pathogenic pathways as diverse as viral infection and chemotherapy resistance. There is a growing consensus on the hypothesis that understanding the mechanistic regulation of SG phys. properties is essential to understanding their function. Although the internal dynamics and condensation mechanisms of SGs have been broadly investigated, there have been fewer investigations into the timing of SG formation and clearance in live cells. Because the lifetime of SG persistence can be a key factor in their function and tendency toward pathol. dysregulation, SG clearance mechanisms deserve particular attention. Here we show that resveratrol and its analogs piceatannol, pterostilbene, and 3,4,5,4′-tetramethoxystilbene induce G3BP-dependent SG formation with atypically rapid clearance kinetics. Resveratrol binds to G3BP, thereby reducing its protein-protein association valency. We suggest that altering G3BP valency is a pathway for the formation of uniquely transient SGs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Sequential Pd/Norbornene-Catalyzed Process Generates o-Biaryl Carbaldehydes or Ketones via a Redox Reaction or 6H-Dibenzopyrans by C-O Ring Closure was written by Motti, Elena;Della Ca, Nicola;Xu, Di;Piersimoni, Anna;Bedogni, Elena;Zhou, Zhi-Ming;Catellani, Marta. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2012.Recommanded Product: 60666-70-8 This article mentions the following:

O-Biaryl carbaldehydes and ketones are obtained through the one-pot reaction of o-substituted aryl iodides with o-bromobenzyl alcs. under the catalytic action of Pd and norbornene, in the presence of a base. The same reaction can also give dibenzopyrans by Pd and norbornene catalysis with a different termination, leading to C-O ring closure. In both cases the process first leads to a five-membered palladacycle, which controls C-C coupling, then to a seven-membered oxapalladacycle, which gives aldehydes and ketones or dibenzopyrans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8Recommanded Product: 60666-70-8).

(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: 60666-70-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Diaryl-N-methylindoles from ortho-Alkynylanilines and Aryl Pinacol Boronic Esters was written by Luo, Yue-Gui;Basha, R. Sidick;Reddy, Daggula Mallikarjuna;Xue, Yong-Jing;Chen, Te-Hsuan;Lee, Chin-Fa. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2018.Reference of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

A palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-diaryl-N-methylindoles from o-alkynylanilines and aryl pinacol boronic esters was developed. The system possesses high functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope with a variety of aryl pinacol boronic esters to provide valuable 2,3-diaryl-N-methylindoles in moderate to good yields. Remarkably, the sequential reaction controlled by iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation or palladium-catalyzed alkynylation followed by the present palladium-catalyzed C3 arylation reaction provided functionalized 2,3-diaryl-N-methylindoles in good yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Reference of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Profile of stilbenes and other phenolics in fanagoria white and red russian wines was written by Suprun, Andrey R.;Dubrovina, Alexandra S.;Tyunin, Alexey P.;Kiselev, Konstantin V.. And the article was included in Metabolites in 2021.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Grapes and wines represent the most important source of edible stilbenes and other phenolic metabolites, which demonstrate a wide range of valuable biol. activities. However, there is no information about the profile and content of phenolic compounds in Russian wines. We firstly analyzed phenolics (stilbenes, phenolic acids, and flavonols) in some representatives of Russian wines, including eleven red and seven white Russian wines from Fanagoria, Krasnodarsky Territory. The Russian red wines contained six stilbenes (trans-resveratrol, cis-resveratrol, trans-, cis-piceid, trans-piceatannol, δ-viniferin), while the white wines contained only five stilbenes (cis-resveratrol, trans-, cis-piceid, trans-piceatannol, trans-resveratrol). More than a half of the total stilbenes in the wines (65% of all stilbenes) were presented by trans-piceid and cis-piceid, while trans-resveratrol reached 16% of all the stilbenes. The red wines also contained six phenolic acids and six flavonols, while the white wines contained six phenolic acids and only three flavonols. Myrecitin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and myricetin were the major flavonols in the red wines, while dihydroquercetin-3-O-rhamnoside was the major flavonol in the white wines. The red wines contained markedly higher amounts of stilbenes, phenolic acids, and flavonols than the white wines. Thus, the data showed that young red Russian Fanagoria wines represent a rich source of phenolic compounds The study also revealed that younger wines were more abundant in phenolics, and wine storage for six months in the dark at +10°C led to a decrease in the total content of phenolics, primarily monomeric stilbenes and quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin flavonols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and Characterization of an Antibacterial Hydrogel Containing Covalently Bound Vancomycin was written by Lakes, Andrew L.;Peyyala, Rebecca;Ebersole, Jeffrey L.;Puleo, David. A.;Hilt, J. Zach;Dziubla, Thomas D.. And the article was included in Biomacromolecules in 2014.Name: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate This article mentions the following:

The release of freely loaded small mols. from biomaterials often exhibits an initial burst, inhibiting the ability of these materials to match drug release with the biomaterial’s degradation period. In terms of antibiotic release systems, the remaining vehicle may become a substrate for colonization by bacterial biofilms once the payload is depleted, which can become life threatening. Secondary surgeries are typically performed to remove these empty depots as a means of preventing this type of infection. To maintain the effectiveness of a locally delivered antibiotic without the drawback of a second surgery, we propose a hydrogel drug delivery system in which the drug release rate of vancomycin and degradation rate of the hydrogel are linked via covalent incorporation of vancomycin in the hydrogel backbone. This was achieved through coupling PEG based monomer with vancomycin to create poly(β-amino ester) chem. and verified through drug release and matrix degradation studies. Antibiotic release and material degradation were tunable via hydrophobic/hydrophilic content of the hydrogel matrix and extended up to 3 wk in PBS sink conditions. Covalent addition of vancomycin to the hydrogel polymer backbone was verified through mass spectroscopy and HPLC peak addition, as well as radiotracing of collected HPLC fractions. Bioactivity of released vancomycin was also confirmed alongside the resulting antimicrobial activity of the reacted vancomycin releasate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Name: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Occupational methacrylate and acrylate allergy – cross-reactions and possible screening allergens was written by Aalto-Korte, Kristiina;Henriks-Eckerman, Maj-Len;Kuuliala, Outi;Jolanki, Riitta. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2010.Computed Properties of C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

Background: Acrylic resin monomers, especially acrylates and methacrylates, are important occupational allergens. Aims: To analyze patterns of concomitant patch test reactions to acrylic monomers in relation to exposure, and to suggest possible screening allergens. Patients/methods: We reviewed the patch test files for the years 1994-2009 at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health for allergic reactions to acrylic monomers, and analyzed the clin. records of sensitized patients. Results: In a group of 66 patients allergic to an acrylic monomer, the most commonly pos. allergens were three methacrylates, namely ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA), and an acrylate, namely diethyleneglycol diacrylate (DEGDA). The patterns of concomitant reactions imply that exposure to methacrylates may induce cross-reactivity to acrylates, whereas exposure to acrylates usually does not lead to cross-allergy to methacrylates. Screening for triethyleneglycol diacrylate (TREGDA) in the baseline series was found to be useful, as 3 of 8 patients with diagnosed occupational acrylate allergy might have been missed without the screening. Conclusions: A short screening series of four allergens, EGDMA, DEGDA, 2-HPMA and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), would have screened 93% of our 66 patients: each of the remaining 5 patients reacted to different acrylic monomer(s). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Computed Properties of C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Computed Properties of C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of antioxidant supplementation on skeletal muscle and metabolic profile in aging mice was written by Tsukamoto-Sen, Sakuka;Kawakami, Shinpei;Maruki-Uchida, Hiroko;Ito, Ryouichi;Matsui, Naoko;Komiya, Yuki;Mita, Yoshitaka;Morisasa, Mizuki;Goto-Inoue, Naoko;Furuichi, Yasuro;Manabe, Yasuko;Morita, Minoru;Fujii, Nobuharu L.. And the article was included in Food & Function in 2021.Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Aging induces drastic changes in muscle mass and function (sarcopenia); however, the detailed mechanisms underlying sarcopenia remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggested that age-related increases in oxidative stress induce muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effect of 6-mo supplementation of antioxidants, specifically piceatannol (PIC) and enzymically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), on age-related physiol. changes, including skeletal muscle weight and quality, in 25-mo-old (OLD) mice, compared to in 4-mo-old (young, YNG) C57BL/6J mice. Muscle weight corrected by body weight significantly declined in OLD mice, compared to in YNG mice. The control OLD mice also showed changes in the expression of genes related to muscle fiber type, reduced locomotor activity, and increased oxidative stress markers in blood. Consistent with the muscle weight and quality changes, whole-body fat oxidation during sedentary conditions and exercise periods in control OLD mice was significantly lower than that in YNG mice. Interestingly, compared to the control OLD mice, the PIC- or EMIQ-fed OLD mice showed higher fat oxidation Furthermore, EMIQ, but not PIC, increased locomotor activity, the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, and suppressed the carbonylated protein in the skeletal muscle of OLD mice. These results suggested that chronic antioxidant intake could alleviate aging-related muscle function changes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Attenuation of isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction by Rheum turkestanicum was written by Hossini, Azar;Rajabian, Arezoo;Sobhanifar, Mohammad-Ali;Alavi, Mohaddeseh Sadat;Taghipour, Zahra;Hasanpour, Maede;Iranshahi, Mehrdad;Boroumand-Noughabi, Samaneh;Banach, Maciej;Sahebkar, Amirhossein. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2022.Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. This study evaluated the cardioprotective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rheum turkestanicum on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in Wistar rats. In this study, we used liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry to determine the active compounds present in the extract Thirty rats were divided to 5 groups (6 rats in each group). The extract was administered orally at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight and then a s.c. injection of isoprenaline (85 mg/kg) was administered on the 8th and 9th days. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and creatinine kinase (CPK) were measured using standard com. kits. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and cardiac levels of thiol and lipid peroxidation were also determined Hematoxylin and eosin were used for histopathol. staining. Phytochem. anal. revealed the presence of 24 compounds in the hydro-ethanolic extract of R. turkestanicum. Isoprenaline increased malondialdehyde (4.002 ± 0178, P < 0.001) while decreased thiol content (101.7 ± 6.186, P < 0.001). Moreover, reduced activities of superoxide dismutase (139 ± 10.88, P < 0.001) and catalase (2.812 ± 0.215, P < 0.001), and elevated levels of LDH (1245 ± 62.28, P < 0.001), CPK (898 ± 23.06, P < 0.001) and CK-MB (697 ± 50.22, P < 0.001) were observed Pretreatment with the R. turkestanicum extract significantly reduced cardiac markers and increased thiol content as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The extract attenuated the histopathol. changes induced by isoprenaline. According to the obtained results, R. turkestanicum may be an appropriate candidate to reduce isoprenaline-induced MI through modulation of oxidative stress. Administration of the extract attenuated cardiac enzymes following isoprenaline administration. The cardioprotective action of the extract can be attributed to the bioactive antioxidant ingredients of R. turkestanicum. To identify the precise mechanisms, further investigations are required.ga1 In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts