Tag: 200-300

Effect of antioxidant supplementation on skeletal muscle and metabolic profile in aging mice was written by Tsukamoto-Sen, Sakuka;Kawakami, Shinpei;Maruki-Uchida, Hiroko;Ito, Ryouichi;Matsui, Naoko;Komiya, Yuki;Mita, Yoshitaka;Morisasa, Mizuki;Goto-Inoue, Naoko;Furuichi, Yasuro;Manabe, Yasuko;Morita, Minoru;Fujii, Nobuharu L.. And the article was included in Food & Function in 2021.Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Aging induces drastic changes in muscle mass and function (sarcopenia); however, the detailed mechanisms underlying sarcopenia remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggested that age-related increases in oxidative stress induce muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effect of 6-mo supplementation of antioxidants, specifically piceatannol (PIC) and enzymically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), on age-related physiol. changes, including skeletal muscle weight and quality, in 25-mo-old (OLD) mice, compared to in 4-mo-old (young, YNG) C57BL/6J mice. Muscle weight corrected by body weight significantly declined in OLD mice, compared to in YNG mice. The control OLD mice also showed changes in the expression of genes related to muscle fiber type, reduced locomotor activity, and increased oxidative stress markers in blood. Consistent with the muscle weight and quality changes, whole-body fat oxidation during sedentary conditions and exercise periods in control OLD mice was significantly lower than that in YNG mice. Interestingly, compared to the control OLD mice, the PIC- or EMIQ-fed OLD mice showed higher fat oxidation Furthermore, EMIQ, but not PIC, increased locomotor activity, the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, and suppressed the carbonylated protein in the skeletal muscle of OLD mice. These results suggested that chronic antioxidant intake could alleviate aging-related muscle function changes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Attenuation of isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction by Rheum turkestanicum was written by Hossini, Azar;Rajabian, Arezoo;Sobhanifar, Mohammad-Ali;Alavi, Mohaddeseh Sadat;Taghipour, Zahra;Hasanpour, Maede;Iranshahi, Mehrdad;Boroumand-Noughabi, Samaneh;Banach, Maciej;Sahebkar, Amirhossein. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2022.Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. This study evaluated the cardioprotective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rheum turkestanicum on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in Wistar rats. In this study, we used liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry to determine the active compounds present in the extract Thirty rats were divided to 5 groups (6 rats in each group). The extract was administered orally at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight and then a s.c. injection of isoprenaline (85 mg/kg) was administered on the 8th and 9th days. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and creatinine kinase (CPK) were measured using standard com. kits. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and cardiac levels of thiol and lipid peroxidation were also determined Hematoxylin and eosin were used for histopathol. staining. Phytochem. anal. revealed the presence of 24 compounds in the hydro-ethanolic extract of R. turkestanicum. Isoprenaline increased malondialdehyde (4.002 ± 0178, P < 0.001) while decreased thiol content (101.7 ± 6.186, P < 0.001). Moreover, reduced activities of superoxide dismutase (139 ± 10.88, P < 0.001) and catalase (2.812 ± 0.215, P < 0.001), and elevated levels of LDH (1245 ± 62.28, P < 0.001), CPK (898 ± 23.06, P < 0.001) and CK-MB (697 ± 50.22, P < 0.001) were observed Pretreatment with the R. turkestanicum extract significantly reduced cardiac markers and increased thiol content as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The extract attenuated the histopathol. changes induced by isoprenaline. According to the obtained results, R. turkestanicum may be an appropriate candidate to reduce isoprenaline-induced MI through modulation of oxidative stress. Administration of the extract attenuated cardiac enzymes following isoprenaline administration. The cardioprotective action of the extract can be attributed to the bioactive antioxidant ingredients of R. turkestanicum. To identify the precise mechanisms, further investigations are required.ga1 In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Occupational methacrylate and acrylate allergy from glues was written by Aalto-Korte, Kristiina;Alanko, Kristiina;Kuuliala, Outi;Jolanki, Riitta. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2008.Formula: C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

Background: Glues and sealants are important causes of methacrylate and acrylate allergy. Aim: This study aimed to analyze patterns of allergic patch test reactions to acrylic monomers in relation to exposure in patients sensitized from glues. Patients/Methods: We screened the patch test files at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health from 1994 to 2006 for allergic reactions in the “Methacrylate series” and analyzed the clin. records of sensitized patients. Only patients who had handled acrylic glues at work here included. Results: 10 patients had allergic reactions to acrylic monomers and had been sensitized from glues at work. Nine of them had used anaerobic sealants, 3 cyanoacrylate-based instant adhesives, and 1 patient a bi-component instant adhesive. All the patients reached to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA); reactions to 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate were also common. The first 4 methacrylates were found in the glues used by the patients. Et cyanoacrylate (ECA) gave no reactions, but 1 patient reacted weakly to her own ECA-based glue. Conclusion: 2-HEMA and EGDMA are good screeners for contact allergy to anaerobic sealants and also detected a single case deriving from bi-component acrylic glue. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Formula: C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Unsymmetrical 1,1-diborated multisubstituted sp³-carbons formed via a metal-free concerted-asynchronous mechanism was written by Cuenca, Ana B.;Cid, Jessica;Garcia-Lopez, Diego;Carbo, Jorge J.;Fernandez, Elena. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1214264-88-6 This article mentions the following:

Authors have exptl. proved the unsym. 1,1-diboration of diazo compounds, formed in situ from aldehydes and cyclic and non-cyclic ketones, in the absence of any transition metal complex. The heterolytic cleavage of the mixed diboron reagent, Bpin-Bdan, and the formation of two geminal C-Bpin and C-Bdan bonds has been rationalized based on DFT calculations to occur via a concerted-asynchronous mechanism. Diastereoselection is attained on substituted cyclohexanones and DFT studies provide understanding on the origin of the selectivity. The alkoxide-assisted selective deborylation of Bpin from multisubstituted sp³-carbon and generation of a Bdan stabilized carbanion, easily conducts a selective protodeboronation sequence. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Recommanded Product: 1214264-88-6).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: 1214264-88-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Iron(III) trifluoroacetate [Fe(O₂CCF₃)₃] catalyzed epoxide opening with amines was written by Erturk, Erkan;Demir, Ayhan S.. And the article was included in ARKIVOC (Gainesville, FL, United States) in 2008.Recommanded Product: Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Non-hygroscopic, non-toxic, and readily available iron(III) trifluoroacetate [Fe(O₂CCF₃)₃] was found to be a highly regioselective catalyst for the ring opening of a wide variety of epoxides with diverse amines under solvent-free conditions. The stereospecific ring opening of (R)-styrene oxide with p-anisidine in the presence of 1 mol% of Fe(O₂CCF₃)₃ gave 2-(p-methoxyphenylamino)-2-phenylethanol (5b) in enantiopure form (>99% ee) within 60 min. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Recommanded Product: Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cytostatic activity of some novel amidocarbamate derivatives of ketoprofen was written by Sahoo, Prasanta Kumar;Behera, Pritishova. And the article was included in Journal of Cancer Therapy in 2010.HPLC of Formula: 59960-32-6 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel ketoprofen derivatives bearing both amide and carbamate functionalities were prepared using benzotriazole. Selective reduction of ketoprofen produced 3-(HOCHPh)C₆H₄CHMeCO₂H, which reacts with one or two moles of 1-benzotriazolecarboxylic acid chloride to give the mono- and bis(benzotriazole) derivatives, the latter being aminated to give the title products. Antioxidative screenings revealed that the prepared compounds possess excellent lipid peroxidation inhibition at 0.1 mM concentration 3-(RCO₂CHPh)C₆H₄CHMeCOR [R = 1-benzotriazolyl, NHCH₂Ph] also showed high soybean lipoxygenase inhibition activity, whereas the amidocarbamate derivatives of ketoprofen showed only weak reducing activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. No selective effects were noted for the tested compounds against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses. The majority of the compounds show IC₅₀ values around 10-25 μM, pointing to a relatively minor role of the R substituents on the core structure for cytostatic activity, as long as a bulky lipophilic (cyclic) entity is present. Also, the presence of the amide groups might play an important role to eventually exert cytostatic potential. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6HPLC of Formula: 59960-32-6).

2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 59960-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Visible-light-induced hydrogen evolution from water on hybrid photocatalysts consisting of synthetic chlorophyll-a derivatives with a carboxy group in the 20-substituent adsorbed on semiconductors was written by Hashimoto, Yuki;Suzuki, Hajime;Kondo, Tomoki;Abe, Ryu;Tamiaki, Hitoshi. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Chlorophyll (Chl) derivatives have attracted much attention as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. In contrast, only a few studies have been reported as Chl-based photosensitizers in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water, and therefore systematic studies should be required to obtain the optimal Chl photosensitizers for the photocatalytic water splitting system. In this study, we prepared four carboxylated Chl derivatives with different linkers at the 20-position, and investigated the effects of the linker length and π-conjugation between a chlorin macrocycle and a carboxy anchor. Hydrogen evolution rates on the Pt-loaded TiO₂ adsorbing the Chl derivatives are significantly affected by the kind of linkers. The results indicated that (1) π-conjugation of a chlorin moiety with a carboxy anchor and (2) an appropriate linker length are of great importance to the photocatalytic activity probably due to the balance of electron injection to and back electron transfer from TiO₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, in vitro pharmacology and radiosynthesis of N-(cis-4-fluoromethylcyclohexyl)-4-(1(H)-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine-1-thiocarbonamide (VUF 5000), a potential PET ligand for the histamine H₃ receptor was written by Windhorst, Albert D.;Timmerman, Henk;Menge, Wiro M. P. B.;Leurs, Rob;Herscheid, Jacobus D. M.. And the article was included in Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals in 1999.COA of Formula: C12H23NO3 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of VUF 5000, a fluorinated analog of the potent (pA₂ value of 8.9 ± 0.1, K_i = 4.3 ± 0.9 nM) histamine H₃ receptor antagonist thioperamide is described. After establishing the H₃ antagonistic activity of VUF 5000, pA₂ value = 9.0 ± 0.2, K_i = 2.3 ±0.5 nM, a four step synthesis for the radiolabelling of VUF 5000 with ¹⁸F (half life 110 min) was developed. Within 4 h of the end of the bombardment, [¹⁸F]VUF 5000 was obtained with an average radiochem. yield of 23% (decay corrected) and a specific activity > 96.2 TBq/μmol (2.6 Ci/μmol). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9COA of Formula: C12H23NO3).

tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C12H23NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Interaction between iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄NPs) and human neutrophils: Evidence that Fe₃O₄ NPs possess some pro-inflammatory activities was written by Saafane, Abdelaziz;Girard, Denis. And the article was included in Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2022.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) are important for different medical applications. However, potential toxicity has been reported and several parameters must still be studied to reach highest therapeutic efficacy with minimal undesired effects. Inflammation is one of the most reported undesired effects of NP exposure in a variety of inflammatory models and conflicting data exist regarding whether Fe3O4 NPs possess pro- or anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to determine the direct effect of Fe₃O₄ NPs on the biol. of neutrophil, a key player cell in inflammation. Freshly isolated human neutrophils were incubated in vitro with Fe₃O₄ NPs, and several functions have been studied. Using transmission electronic microscopy, Fe₃O₄ NPs were found to be ingested by neutrophils. These NPs do not induce a respiratory burst by themselves, but they increase the ability of neutrophils to adhere onto human endothelial cells as well as enhance phagocytosis. An antibody array approach revealed that Fe₃O₄ NPs induce the production of some cytokines, including the chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8), which was confirmed by ELISA. Fe3O4NPs were found to delay spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis regardless of sex of the donor. Using a pharmacol. approach, we demonstrate that Fe₃O₄ NPs delay apoptosis by a de novo protein synthesis-dependent mechanism and via different cell signalling pathways. The data indicate thatFe₃O₄ NPs can alter the biol. of human neutrophils and that they possess some pro-inflammatory effects, particularly based on their capacity to delay apoptosis and to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, Fe₃O₄ NPs can regulate inflammation by targeting human neutrophil functions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6SDS of cas: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,1-Diboration of Terminal Alkynes: Scope, Mechanism, and Synthetic Applications was written by Krautwald, Simon;Bezdek, Mate J.;Chirik, Paul J.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2017.Name: 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine This article mentions the following:

A Co-catalyzed method for the 1,1-diboration of terminal alkynes with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B₂Pin₂) is described. The reaction proceeds efficiently at 23° with excellent 1,1-selectivity and broad functional group tolerance. With the unsym. diboron reagent PinB-BDan (Dan = naphthalene-1,8-diaminato), stereoselective 1,1-diboration provided products with two B substituents that exhibit differential reactivity. One example prepared by diboration of 1-octyne was crystallized, and its stereochem. established by x-ray crystallog. The utility and versatility of the 1,1-diborylalkene products was demonstrated in a number of synthetic applications, including a concise synthesis of the epilepsy medication tiagabine. A synthesis of 1,1,1-triborylalkanes was accomplished through Co-catalyzed hydroboration of 1,1-diborylalkenes with HBPin. D-labeling and stoichiometric experiments support a mechanism involving selective insertion of an alkynylboronate to a Co-B bond of a Co boryl complex to form a vinylcobalt intermediate. The latter was isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallog. A competition experiment established that the reaction involves formation of free alkynylboronate and the two boryl substituents are not necessarily derived from the same diboron source. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Name: 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts