Tag: 100-200

New steroidal anti-inflammatory antedrugs: 21-thioalkylether derivatives of methyl 16-prednisolone carboxylates was written by Khan, M. Omar F.;Park, Kwan K.;Glynn, Sharye N.;Lee, Henry J.. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry in 2007.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

Antedrug approach of the corticosteroids has been described as a fundamentally sound approach for the development of safer anti-inflammatory steroids devoid of systemic side effects. In our continued efforts under the antedrug paradigm, we have recently extended this effort to synthesize the 21-thioalkyl ether derivatives of Me 16-prednisolonecarboxylates. The 21-mesylate of the methyl-16-prednisolonecarboxylates and 9-fluoro-17-dehydro Me 16-prednisolonecarboxylate were reacted with Na-thioalkoxides to furnish the desired thioalkyl ethers in 60-75% yields. These newly synthesized thioalkyl ether steroid series were tested for their in vitro metabolism and corticosteroid receptor binding affinity. They were metabolized in predictable manner to inactive 16-carboxylic acids. All the newly synthesized antedrugs showed lowered glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity than prednisolone indicating that the replacement of the 21-OH function with thioalkyl ether of the 16-prednisolone carboxylate esters decreases their receptor binding affinity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stimulation of Secondary Metabolites and γ-Terpinene Synthase by Silver Nanoparticles in Callus Cultures of Carum carvi was written by Dehghani-Aghchekohal, Zahra;Omidi, Mansoor;Azizinezhad, Reza;Etminan, Alireza. And the article was included in Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Biotechnol. and nanotechnol. are important tools for understanding biochem. pathways. They can be used efficiently for stimulating and increasing the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The present study aimed to identify the γ-terpinene synthase gene (CcTPS2) as an effective contributor to the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpenes. The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; 50 and 100 mg l- 1) and time (24 and 48 h) were examined on secondary metabolites in cell suspension cultures of Carum carvi. This involved the identification, isolation, and sequencing of a partial sequence in the CcTPS2 gene of C. carvi. The genomic sequence of CcTPS2 comprised 292 bp which were organized into two exons (110 and 82 bp) and one intron (100 bp), while the cDNA was 192 bp. In the scale of nucleotides, the CcTPS2 gene showed 96% similarity with the TPS2 gene of Oliveria decumbens. We generated sequence data of the CcTPS2 gene for the first time in this species, thereby enabling further developments in understanding the mol. mechanisms responsible for terpene biosynthesis and other chem. derivatives in C. carvi. The results of GC/MS and GC/FID showed that AgNPs strongly affected the secondary metabolites in cell suspension cultures of C. carvi. According to the results, the AgNPs (50 mg l- 1) increased p-cymene and carvone contents in comparison with the control. The exposure of plants to 100 mg l- 1 AgNPs induced the production of thymol and carvacrol. The results of real-time PCR revealed that the exposure of plants to 100 mg l- 1 AgNPs caused a significant upregulation of CcTPS2 expression for 24 h. These cell suspension cultures were elicited by AgNPs, the application of which proved as an effective method to improve the production of secondary metabolites in vitro. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Induction of a Preferred Sense of Twist in Flexible Diphenyls by Carbohydrate Scaffolds. Synthesis of Two “Naked” Ellagitannin Analogous was written by Capozzi, Giuseppe;Ciampi, Cinzia;Delogu, Giovanna;Menichetti, Stefano;Nativi, Cristina. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2001.Synthetic Route of C6H14O6 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of “naked ” ellagitannin analogs, having a preferred sense of twist of the di-Ph moiety, with a rhamnose and a glucose template, is reported. A clear induction in the chirality of the di-Ph moiety, mediated through a 10-membered ring via ester linkages, was observed The chiral scaffold of glucose (diequatorial 2,3-hydroxyl groups) exerts a remarkable stronger atropdiastereoselective effect onto the diphenoyl group than the rhamnose ring (axial-equatorial 2,3-hydroxyl groups), according to the Schmidt-Haslam hypothesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Synthetic Route of C6H14O6).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Synthetic Route of C6H14O6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of bioactive quinoline acting as anticancer agents and their mode of action using in silico analysis towards Aurora kinase A inhibitors was written by Narasimhamurthy, Kereyagalahally H.;Guruswamy, Dileep Kumar M.;Chandra;Kallesha, Nichhapurada;Basappa;Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S.. And the article was included in Chemical Data Collections in 2021.Product Details of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

In the present investigation, novel quinolines have been synthesized and analyzed for their invitro cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer and lung cancer cells. Among the newly synthesized quinoline derivatives, 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxyquinoline (Q6) showed considerable cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer (HCT116) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines with IC50 values of 25.5 ± 2.7 and 32 ± 4.7 μM resp. Since these quinolines interacted with an Aurora kinase A, we carried out the mol. docking investigation and observed that this quinoline displayed inhibitory potentials. Overall, the compound Q6 was well suited to develop a newer quinolines-based anticancer medication, especially to block cell cycle arrest through Aurora kinase A inhibitors in human cancer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Product Details of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Product Details of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of glycine and erythritol/chlorhexidine air-polishing powders on human gingival fibroblasts: An in vitro study. was written by Weusmann, Jens;Deschner, James;Imber, Jean-Claude;Damanaki, Anna;Cerri, Paulo Sérgio;Leguizamón, Natalia;Beisel-Memmert, Svenja;Nogueira, Andressa Vilas Boas. And the article was included in Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND: Supra- and subgingival air-polishing has been used in periodontitis and gingivitis therapy for years. Low-abrasive types of powders have facilitated the application in subgingival areas. In this study, the cellular effects of a glycine powder and an erythritol/chlorhexidine (CHX) powder on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were investigated. METHODS: HGF were obtained from sound gingiva of three healthy donors. After 12 h and 24 h of incubation time, cell viability testing and, after 24 h and 48 h, a cell proliferation assay was conducted. Additionally, the individual components erythritol and CHX were investigated for cell viability. In vitro wound healing was monitored for 48 h and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed after 24 h. Statistical analysis was accomplished by ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s and Tukey’s tests (p < 0.05) were performed. RESULTS: Erythritol/CHX powder and in a lower extent, glycine powder decreased cell viability and cell proliferation. The negative effect of erythritol/CHX was mainly based on the CHX component. In vitro wound healing was negatively influenced in both types of powders compared to control. Cell size was altered in both test groups, whereas cell morphology was affected only in the erythritol/CHX group. CONCLUSIONS: The investigated powders for subgingival air-polishing can influence cell viability, morphology, and proliferation, as well as wound closure in vitro. These actions on fibroblasts are discernible, with the cytotoxic effect of erythritol/CHX powder being very clear and mainly due to the CHX component. Our results suggest that subgingivally applied powders can exert direct effects on gingival fibroblasts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Study on the Effect of Mentha x piperita L. Essential Oil on Electroencephalography upon Stimulation with Different Visual Effects was written by Lin, Shifan;Wang, Yue;Wu, Kaiwen;Yu, Genfa;Liu, Chuanxiang;Su, Chang;Yi, Fengping. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Essential oils have long been used to fight infections and treat various diseases. Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) is an herbal medicine that has been widely used in daily life since ancient times, and it has a wide range of applications in food, cosmetics, and medicine. Mint oil is refreshing because of its cool and comfortable smell; therefore, it is often used in ethnopharmacol. studies. The present study investigated the effects of peppermint essential oil in electroencephalog. activity response to various visual stimuli. The electroencephalog. changes of participants during peppermint essential oil inhalation under white, red, and blue color stimulations were recorded. A rapid Fourier transform anal. was used to examine the electroencephalograph power spectra of the various microstates induced by inhaling the oils. Peppermint essential oil had various effects on the brain when subjected to different visual stimuli. Alpha waves increased in the prefrontal area in the white-sniffing group, which facilitated learning and thinking. In the blue-sniffing group, the changes were less pronounced than those in the red group, and the increased alpha wave activity in the occipital area was more controlled, indicating that the participants’ visual function increased in this state. Based on EEG investigations, this is the first study to indicate that vision influences the effects of peppermint essential oils. Hence, the results of this study support the use of essential oils in a broader context to serve as a resource for future studies on the effects of different types of essential oils. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts for alcoholic and phenolic protons in dimethyl sulfoxide. Utility as a structural parameter was written by Murakami, Yukito;Sunamoto, Junzo. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1973.Electric Literature of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

The temperature dependent OH resonances in the NMR spectra of pyridyl alcs. and phenols, determined in Me2SO, were explained by intermol. and intramol. H bonding. The correlation between δOH and pKHA of the corresponding phosphates proved the reliability of δOH as a structural parameter for a linear free energy relation study of phosphate hydrolysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Electric Literature of C7H9NO).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Electric Literature of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

An environmentally-friendly one-pot synthesis of 4-sulfonyl benzoic acids was written by Frieman, Bryan A.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2014.SDS of cas: 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

This Letter reported an environmentally-friendly one-pot S_NAr reaction of thiols to 4-halobenzoic acid Me esters to provide 4-substituted sulfone benzoic acids and picolinic acids after bleach-mediated oxidative workup. These acid intermediates were synthesized on gram scale, are perfect partners for library synthesis, and have good phys. chem. properties useful for drug discovery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2SDS of cas: 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.SDS of cas: 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

TiO₂ supported-reduced graphene oxide co-doped with gallium and sulfur as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the selective photochemical oxidation of alcohols; DFT and mechanism insights was written by Khavar, Amir Hossein Cheshme;Khazaee, Zeynab;Mahjoub, Ali Reza;Nejat, Razieh. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2022.Product Details of 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Achieving organic transformation reactions using green synthesis methods under mild conditions is always an aspiration of scientists. In this study, Ga, S co-doped TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide (GaxSy@TRG) nanocomposite was synthesized by an innovative surfactant-free ultrasonic-assisted solvothermal method and used to catalyze the selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alc. under visible light irradiation The prepared photocatalyst was analyzed via XRD, FT-IR, Raman, N₂ adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, EDX, ICP-MS, UV-Vis absorption, and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. The characterization outcomes indicated the prepared co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles with anatase crystal structure possessed a mesoporous texture and were uniformly distributed on the RGO surface. The conversion of GO to RGO was confirmed through FT-IR and Raman spectra. The prepared nanocomposites were examined for their ability in artificial photocatalysis and displayed remarkable catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of alcs. into benzaldehyde. The co-doped catalysts showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic ability, due to improved photogenerated electrons transfer, enhanced charge carriers separation and extended optical absorption to the visible light range. Moreover, the synergistic effect of dopants that could act as electron trapping centers and RGO as a powerful acceptor material efficiently reduced photogenerated electron-hole recombination and promoted charge migration. A high conversion rate of 85% was obtained over the Ga_5.0S_10.0@TRG photocatalyst after 110 min under visible light irradiation The results from d. functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the hybridization of Ga 4s and S 3p orbitals with valance band can remarkably affect the decreasing of band gap energy. The mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alc. under visible light irradiation was proposed using the combination of exptl. and computational methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Product Details of 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Readily Accessible and Highly Efficient Ferrocene-Based Amino-Phosphine-Alcohol (f-Amphol) Ligands for Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Simple Ketones was written by Yu, Jianfei;Duan, Meng;Wu, Weilong;Qi, Xiaotian;Xue, Peng;Lan, Yu;Dong, Xiu-Qin;Zhang, Xumu. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2017.Quality Control of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

We have successfully developed a series of novel and modular ferrocene-based amino-phosphine-alc. (f-Amphol) ligands and applied them to iridium-catalyzed asym. hydrogenation of various simple ketones to afford the corresponding chiral alcs. with excellent enantioselectivities and conversions (98-99.9 % ee, >99 % conversion, turnover number up to 200,000). Control experiments and d. functional theory (DFT) calculations have shown that the hydroxyl group of our f-Amphol ligands played a key role in this asym. hydrogenation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Quality Control of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Quality Control of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts