Tag: 0-100

A Numerical and Experimental Performance Assessment of a Single-Phase Supersonic Ejector was written by Hamzaoui, Malek;Nesreddine, Hakim;Aidoun, Zine. And the article was included in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

This paper proposes an integrated numerical-exptl. study of a fixed geometry ejector designed for a cooling system activated by waste heat. Ejector operation is analyzed for cases of imposed input and output sets of conditions in terms of pressures and/or temperatures Experiments with constant primary conditions and secondary temperature were conducted in a range of outlet pressures for model validation purposes. A parametric anal. was then performed for constant pressure and temperature conditions at both inputs (primary and secondary) by varying the outlet pressure. For each test case, performance in terms of entrainment ratio, local parameters distributions (P, M, τ) and the internal flow structure were analyzed in an attempt to establish a link between the external constraints, the flow structure, the operation stability and performance within the range of cooling applications. The ranges of operating conditions investigated were P_p = 4.77 bar, T_p = 83°C and, resp., 1.7 ≤ Pc ≤ 2.4 bar, 12.5°C ≤ Te ≤ 16.5°C, at saturation Exptl. entrainment ratio, ER_exp in the range of 0.12-0.22 was numerically simulated within ± 10%. It was shown that both the ejector operation and the internal flow configurations were sensitive to backpressure. More particularly, an optimal backpressure exists to which corresponds an on-design conditions with maximized entrainment ratio and a shock-wave train located at the end of the mixing chamber. A backpressure increase sets the ejector in off design. This mode of operation is characterized by a shift of the shock train toward the inlets, a disturbance of the flow configuration, a diminution of the entrainment ratio and a deterioration of the operation stability. On the other hand, a backpressure decrease does not affect the ejector stability of operation at its maximum entrainment ratio for the prevailing conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification and characterization of chemical and physical stability of insulin formulations utilizing degraded glycerol after repeated use and storage was written by Sun, Min-Fei;Xu, Youfu;Yuan, Jun-Jie;Fang, Wei-Jie. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Insulin treatment is currently considered to be the main strategy for controlling diabetes. Although the recombinant insulin formulation is relatively mature, we found that a batch of insulin formulation exhibited an unusual degradation rate in the stability experiment The main purposes of this article are to identify the root cause for this phenomenon and characterize of chem. and phys. degradation products. We compared the chem. and phys. stability of two batches of insulin formulations prepared sep. with simulated repeated use and freshly opened glycerol. The chem. stability of insulin was identified by liquid chromatog. coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC- MS/MS). Micro-flow imaging (MFI), far-UV CD (Far-UV CD) and Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescent assays were used to reveal protein aggregation and fibrosis. The chem. and phys. stability of the insulin formulation with newly opened glycerol was much better than that with degraded glycerol, and both groups of formulations were extremely sensitive to light. The results indicated that the original batch insulin formulation with abnormal stability was indeed caused by the excipient glycerol after long-term storage and repeated usage. More attention should be paid to the quality changes of excipients during repeated usage and storage of excipients for the practical purpose. Moreover, we have discovered a novel degradation pathway for insulin and peptides in general. In addition, LC-MS/MS results suggested that the N-terminus of insulin B-chain was prone to chem. degradation which enlightens that it could be potentially modified to improve the stability of insulin formulations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of the permeation kinetics of formamide in porcine articular cartilage was written by Dong, Rachael;Clark, Shannon;Laouar, Leila;Heinrichs, Luke;Wu, Kezhou;Jomha, Nadr M.;Elliott, Janet A. W.. And the article was included in Cryobiology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Cryopreservation of articular cartilage will increase tissue availability for osteochondral allografting and improve clin. outcomes. However, successful cryopreservation of articular cartilage requires the precise determination of cryoprotectant permeation kinetics to develop effective vitrification protocols. To date, permeation kinetics of the cryoprotectant formamide in articular cartilage have not been sufficiently explored. The objective of this study was to determine the permeation kinetics of formamide into porcine articular cartilage for application in vitrification. The permeation of DMSO was first measured to validate existing methods from our previously published literature. Osteochondral dowels from dissected porcine femoral condyles were incubated in 6.5 M DMSO for a designated treatment time (1 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min, 24 h) at 22 °C (N = 3). Methods were then repeated with 6.5 M formamide at one of three temperatures: 4 °C, 22 °C, 37 °C (N = 3). Following incubation, cryoprotectant efflux into a wash solution occurred, and osmolality was measured from each equilibrated wash solution Concentrations of effluxed cryoprotectant were calculated and diffusion coefficients were determined using an anal. solution to Fics law for axial and radial diffusion in combination with a least squares approach. The activation energy of formamide was determined from the Arrhenius equation. The diffusion coefficient (2.7-3.3 x 10-10 m2/s depending on temperature) and activation energy (0.9±0.6 kcal/mol) for formamide permeation in porcine articular cartilage were established. The determined permeation kinetics of formamide will facilitate its precise use in future articular cartilage vitrification protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine TTK Inhibitors: CFI-402257 is a Potent, Selective, Bioavailable Anticancer Agent was written by Liu, Yong;Laufer, Radoslaw;Patel, Narendra Kumar;Ng, Grace;Sampson, Peter B.;Li, Sze-Wan;Lang, Yunhui;Feher, Miklos;Brokx, Richard;Beletskaya, Irina;Hodgson, Richard;Plotnikova, Olga;Awrey, Donald E.;Qiu, Wei;Chirgadze, Nickolay Y.;Mason, Jacqueline M.;Wei, Xin;Lin, Dan Chi-Chia;Che, Yi;Kiarash, Reza;Fletcher, Graham C.;Mak, Tak W.;Bray, Mark R.;Pauls, Henry W.. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Application of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

This work describes a scaffold hopping exercise that begins with known imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines, briefly explores pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines, and ultimately yields pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as a novel class of potent TTK inhibitors. An X-ray structure of a representative compound is consistent with 1¹/₂ type inhibition and provides structural insight to aid subsequent optimization of in vitro activity and physicochem. and pharmacokinetic properties. Incorporation of polar moieties in the hydrophobic and solvent accessible regions modulates physicochem. properties while maintaining potency. Compounds with enhanced oral exposure were identified for xenograft studies. The work culminates in the identification of a potent (TTK K_i = 0.1 nM), highly selective, orally bioavailable anticancer agent (CFI-402257) for IND enabling studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Application of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosol puffs in rats was written by Shelton, Keith L.;Nicholson, Katherine L.. And the article was included in Psychopharmacology (Heidelberg, Germany) in 2022.Reference of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Rapidly evolving e-cigarette technol. developed for self-administering nicotine aerosol has the potential to be utilized to self-administer other aerosolized drugs of abuse. Rodent models which mirror characteristics of human e-cigarette use are necessary to explore the degree to which this may be a public health concern. Our goal was to develop a highly translational model of discrete nose-only aerosol puff drug delivery to explore the reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosols in rats. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to perform a multiple schedule FR1 lever-press, 4-s (second) nose hold operant during which the subjects orofacial areas were exposed to drug-free glycerol/propylene glycol aerosol produced by a com. e-cigarette at a power setting of 18 W. Each completed 4-s drug-free vehicle aerosol exposure resulted in a 3-s presentation of a 0.1-mL dipper of sweetened milk solution After training, rats were then allowed to self-administer 4-s nose-only puffs of fentanyl (100-6000 μg/mL) or sufentanil (30-500 μg/mL) aerosol in the absence of paired milk dipper reinforcers. All 31 rats learned the lever-press/nose-poke multiple schedule for milk dippers alone and 25 accepted exposure to 4 s of 18 W of drug-free vehicle aerosol when paired with milk dipper presentations. In the absence of paired milk dipper presentations, fentanyl aerosol puffs at concentrations of 1000 and 3000 μg/mL as well as 100 μg/mL puffs of sufentanil served as reinforcers compared to both air puffs and drug-free vehicle aerosol puffs. There were no significant differences between males and females in number of fentanyl or sufentanil puffs self-administered. Discrete nose-only puffs of two potent opioids under exposure conditions comparable to puff durations in human e-cigarette users serve as reinforcers in rats. This outcome suggests that under appropriate conditions e-cigarettes might be a potential alternative delivery mechanism for illicit opioids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Reference of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts