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Discovery of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine TTK Inhibitors: CFI-402257 is a Potent, Selective, Bioavailable Anticancer Agent was written by Liu, Yong;Laufer, Radoslaw;Patel, Narendra Kumar;Ng, Grace;Sampson, Peter B.;Li, Sze-Wan;Lang, Yunhui;Feher, Miklos;Brokx, Richard;Beletskaya, Irina;Hodgson, Richard;Plotnikova, Olga;Awrey, Donald E.;Qiu, Wei;Chirgadze, Nickolay Y.;Mason, Jacqueline M.;Wei, Xin;Lin, Dan Chi-Chia;Che, Yi;Kiarash, Reza;Fletcher, Graham C.;Mak, Tak W.;Bray, Mark R.;Pauls, Henry W.. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Application of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

This work describes a scaffold hopping exercise that begins with known imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines, briefly explores pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines, and ultimately yields pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as a novel class of potent TTK inhibitors. An X-ray structure of a representative compound is consistent with 1¹/₂ type inhibition and provides structural insight to aid subsequent optimization of in vitro activity and physicochem. and pharmacokinetic properties. Incorporation of polar moieties in the hydrophobic and solvent accessible regions modulates physicochem. properties while maintaining potency. Compounds with enhanced oral exposure were identified for xenograft studies. The work culminates in the identification of a potent (TTK K_i = 0.1 nM), highly selective, orally bioavailable anticancer agent (CFI-402257) for IND enabling studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Application of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 5856-63-3

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosol puffs in rats was written by Shelton, Keith L.;Nicholson, Katherine L.. And the article was included in Psychopharmacology (Heidelberg, Germany) in 2022.Reference of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Rapidly evolving e-cigarette technol. developed for self-administering nicotine aerosol has the potential to be utilized to self-administer other aerosolized drugs of abuse. Rodent models which mirror characteristics of human e-cigarette use are necessary to explore the degree to which this may be a public health concern. Our goal was to develop a highly translational model of discrete nose-only aerosol puff drug delivery to explore the reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosols in rats. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to perform a multiple schedule FR1 lever-press, 4-s (second) nose hold operant during which the subjects orofacial areas were exposed to drug-free glycerol/propylene glycol aerosol produced by a com. e-cigarette at a power setting of 18 W. Each completed 4-s drug-free vehicle aerosol exposure resulted in a 3-s presentation of a 0.1-mL dipper of sweetened milk solution After training, rats were then allowed to self-administer 4-s nose-only puffs of fentanyl (100-6000 μg/mL) or sufentanil (30-500 μg/mL) aerosol in the absence of paired milk dipper reinforcers. All 31 rats learned the lever-press/nose-poke multiple schedule for milk dippers alone and 25 accepted exposure to 4 s of 18 W of drug-free vehicle aerosol when paired with milk dipper presentations. In the absence of paired milk dipper presentations, fentanyl aerosol puffs at concentrations of 1000 and 3000 μg/mL as well as 100 μg/mL puffs of sufentanil served as reinforcers compared to both air puffs and drug-free vehicle aerosol puffs. There were no significant differences between males and females in number of fentanyl or sufentanil puffs self-administered. Discrete nose-only puffs of two potent opioids under exposure conditions comparable to puff durations in human e-cigarette users serve as reinforcers in rats. This outcome suggests that under appropriate conditions e-cigarettes might be a potential alternative delivery mechanism for illicit opioids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Reference of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalytic activity of SBA-15 supported CuO for selective oxidation of veratryl alcohol to veratraldehyde was written by Dhinagaran, G.;Harichandran, G.;Suvaitha, S. Prashanna;Venkatachalam, K.. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2022.SDS of cas: 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Selective oxidation of veratryl alc. (VAlc) to veratraldehyde (VAld) under mild conditions using heterogeneous catalysts is advantageous for industrial applications. In the present study, newly developed SBA-15 supported copper oxide catalyst designated as CuO(5,10,15 weight%)/SBA-15 was examined for the selective oxidation of VAlc to VAld using tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant between 40 and 100°C. CuO(10 weight%)/SBA-15 showed high conversion (82.5%) compared to others by forming VAld with 100% selectivity. We examined its selective oxidising power using a substrate possessing both the primary and secondary alc. functions, namely propylene glycol (PG). In this substrate, only the secondary alc. group was oxidized to hydroxyacetone (HA). It suggests preferential adsorption of the primary alc. group of PG on the catalyst surface close to the adsorbed TBHP, thus leaving only the secondary alc. group positionally favorable for oxidation In addition, the catalyst effectively oxidized 2-butanol to 2-butanone. So, the catalyst is verified active against both primary and secondary alcs., but when both of them are present on the adjacent carbons of the same compound, only the secondary alc. function is oxidized. So, the present catalyst could have tremendous applications for selective oxidation in organic synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6SDS of cas: 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.SDS of cas: 57-55-6

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

N-Phosphorylated derivatives of 5-nitroindazole as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents and docking study against DNA gyrase A was written by Thaslim Basha, S. K.;Subba Rao, Devineni;Madhava, Golla;Basha, Shaik Thahir;Devamma, Mundla Nagalakshmi;Saddala, Madhu Sudhana;Asupatri, Usha Rani;Raju, Chamarthi Naga. And the article was included in Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements in 2015.Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

A series of new phosphoramidates I [R = (CH₂)₄N, O(CH₂CH₂)₂N, (CH₂)₅N, etc.] were synthesized by reacting 5-nitroindazole with 4-chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate, and then further with various bio-potent aromatic/hetero/alkyl amines. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data (IR, ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR and mass) and elemental anal. The products were evaluated for their antioxidant activity (DPPH, H₂O₂ methods and IC₅₀ values) and antimicrobial activity against the growth of Gram bacterial (pos. and neg.) and fungal pathogens. In the entire bio-screening data, the authors observed that is the most active compound in terms of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Further to know the binding interactions of title products with DNA gyrase A enzyme (E. coli), mol. docking studies were performed which revealed and exhibited high binding affinities towards the enzyme, DNA gyrase A, and are higher than that of the standard antibiotic, streptomycin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

5-Substituted 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines with anti-proliferative activity as potent and selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases was written by Vymetalova, Ladislava;Havlicek, Libor;Sturc, Antonin;Skraskova, Zuzana;Jorda, Radek;Pospisil, Tomas;Strnad, Miroslav;Krystof, Vladimir. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Related Products of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

A series of 5-substituted 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition activity. The most potent compounds contained various hydroxyalkylamines at the 5 position and possessed low nanomolar IC₅₀ values for CDK2 and CDK5. Preliminary profiling of one of the most active compounds on a panel of 50 protein kinases revealed its high selectivity for CDKs. The compounds arrested cells in S and G2/M phases, and induced apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Significant dephosphorylation of the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), well-established substrates of CDKs, has been found in treated cells. Cleavage of PARP-1, down-regulation of Mcl-1 and activation of caspases correlated well with CDK inhibition and confirmed apoptosis as the primary type of cell death induced in cancer cells treated with the compounds in vitro. A comparison of known purine-based CDK inhibitor CR8 with its pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine bioisosteres confirmed that the novel compounds are more potent in cellular assays than purines. Therefore, pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine may emerge as a novel scaffold in medicinal chem. and as a source of potent CDK inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Related Products of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 5856-63-3

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Wheat Straw Biomass was written by Brienza, Filippo;Van Aelst, Korneel;Devred, Francois;Magnin, Delphine;Sels, Bert F.;Gerin, Patrick A.;Cybulska, Iwona;Debecker, Damien P.. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

The reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising method for the development of “lignin-first” biorefineries. Apart from the widely investigated virgin woody biomass, it is essential to explore the potential of waste biomass feedstocks. Herein, the RCF of wheat straw is examined to produce lignin mono-/oligomers along with a processable carbohydrate pulp. The use of different catalysts (Ru/C and Ru/Al₂O₃) and catalyst loadings (0-20% weight/weight_biomass) revealed the superior performance of Ru/C, which resulted in the largest yield of phenolic monomers (up to ~25 wt % of initial acid-insoluble lignin) and in the lowest formation of high-mol.-weight fragments in the extracted lignin oil. Furthermore, the operating temperature was shown to substantially affect both lignin extraction-depolymerization and polysaccharides preservation-processability. For a reaction time of 3 h, an increase of the temperature from 200 to 250°C resulted in a >2-fold boost of the yields of lignin oil and monophenolics, while the recovery of polysaccharides decreased by about 30 weight % (with ~20% lower enzymic digestibility). An economic assessment highlighted that the high-temperature treatment becomes the most profitable configuration as the market price of lignin products increases. Overall, this work provides insight into the adoption of the RCF for the upgrading of lignocellulose from inexpensive and widely available wheat straw biomass. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A new synthetic route to chiral 3-aryl-5-ethyl-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorines was written by Metlushka, Kirill E.;Sadkova, Dilyara N.;Nikitina, Kristina A.;Yamaleeva, Zilya R.;Ivshin, Kamil A.;Kataeva, Olga N.;Alfonsov, Vladimir A.. And the article was included in Mendeleev Communications in 2018.Application of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

Diastereoselective synthesis of racemic and enantiopure 3-aryl-5-ethyl-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorines, including those bearing phenolic hydroxyl groups in the exocyclic aromatic fragment, was implemented by the reaction of imines derived from (±)-and (R)-(-)-2-aminobutan-1-ol and (hydroxy)benzaldehydes with tri-Et phosphite and trifluoroacetic acid, followed by the one-pot dealkylation of the intermediate esters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Application of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The formulation and physicochemical properties of betaine-based natural deep eutectic solvent was written by Mohd Fuad, Faiznur;Mohd Nadzir, Masrina. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Eleven different types of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) were synthesized using betaine (Bet) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with glycerol (Gly), 1,2-propanediol (1,2P), lactic acid (LA), levulinic acid (Lev), anhydrous citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA), tartaric acid (TA), xylitol (Xyl), sorbitol (Sor), glucose (Glu), and sucrose (Suc) as the hydrogen bond donors (HBD). They were synthesized at different molar ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) to determine their appropriate formulation. Formulations that gave a clear, homogenous liquid were identified as Bet-Gly (1:2), Bet-1,2P (1:4), Bet-LA (1:2), Bet-Lev (1:2), Bet-CA (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-MA (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-TA (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-Xyl (1:2, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-Sor (1:2, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-Glu (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), and Bet-Suc (1:1, 20% weight/weight water). The successfully synthesized NADESs remained as stable liquids for more than 30 days. Based on the anal. using Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, it was confirmed that a hydrogen bonding interaction was established between the HBA and the HBD in the NADES system. In addition, the thermal stabilities of these NADESs were evaluated through a thermogravimetry anal. (TGA). The onset decomposition temperatures of the NADESs were in the range of 106.92°C-233.66°C. Furthermore, the NADESs were evaluated for their physicochem. properties, including viscosity, d., polarity, surface tension, elec. conductivity, and pH. The NADESs were often diluted with water to reduce viscosity during their application. Therefore, the influence of the addition of water on the physicochem. properties of NADESs was evaluated. This knowledge provides an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and behavior of the NADESs during any process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kinetic analysis of the conversion of aqueous erythritol solution on Ir/ReO_x/TiO₂ in a batch slurry reactor was written by Virgilio, Emanuel M.;Sad, Maria E.;Padro, Cristina L.. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, A: General in 2022.Name: 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

The influence of temperature, H₂ pressure and erythritol concentration on the hydrogenolysis of erythritol was studied using Ir/ReO_x/TiO₂. Under the conditions used here, four reaction routes coexist: isomerization, dehydration, C-O and C-C hydrogenolysis. The initial rates as well as reaction orders and activation energy were estimated for each pathway. The variation of the hydrogen pressure produced slight changes in the isomerization, dehydration, and C-C hydrogenolysis routes, whereas C-O hydrogenolysis showed order 1 with respect to this reagent. The change in erythritol concentration affected more the dehydration, resulting in a reaction order for this reactant close to 1, while for the other routes the order was close to 0.5. Regarding the influence of the temperature, dehydration of erythritol showed the highest activation energy (212.1 kJ mol^-1) and the isomerization the lowest (20.0 kJ mol^-1). Furthermore, it was found that the ruptures of C-C bonds require higher energy than C-O bonds break. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Name: 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Study of Mesalazine Solubility in Ternary Mixtures of Ethanol, Propylene Glycol, and Water at Various Temperatures was written by Rahimpour, Elaheh;Martinez, Fleming;Hemmati, Salar;Ramezani, Amir M.;Jouyban, Abolghasem. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2022.Product Details of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Mesalazine is a low-permeable and low-soluble drug, which makes it a class IV drug in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. Hence, its solubilization can be helpful for various stages of formulation development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the solubilization manner and thermodn. of mesalazine in ternary solvent combinations of {ethanol (1) + propylene glycol (2) + water (3)} using the shake-flask technique at (298.2-313.2) K. In the following, the math. representation of the acquired solubility data using some popular models was evaluated. The accuracies of the applied models were described by percentages of mean relative deviation (MRD%). Based on obtained results (MRD% < 10.0), it can be concluded that the trained models can adequately predict the solubility of mesalazine in the investigated ternary solvent combinations. The findings also revealed that the solution composition and temperatures greatly influence the solubility of mesalazine. In addition, the thermodn. characteristics of the mesalazine dissolution process indicate that the mesalazine dissolution process is endothermic and entropy-driven. The generating data in the current work also expands the available solubility database for mesalazine in the solvent mixtures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Product Details of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts