Tag: 0-100

Luliconazole Nail Lacquer for the Treatment of Onychomycosis: Formulation, Characterization and In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation was written by Dehari, Deepa;Mehata, Abhishesh Kumar;Priya, Vishnu;Parbat, Dharmnath;Kumar, Deepak;Srivastava, Anand Kumar;Singh, Sanjay;Agrawal, Ashish Kumar. And the article was included in AAPS PharmSciTech in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Onychomycosis is the most common fungal infection of the nail affecting the skin under the fingertips and the toes. Currently, available therapy for onychomycosis includes oral and topical therapies, either alone or in combination. Oral antifungal medication has been associated with poor drug bioavailability and potential gastrointestinal and systemic side effects. The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the luliconazole nail lacquer (LCZ-NL) for the effective treatment of onychomycosis. In the current work, LCZ-NL was formulated in combination with penetration enhancers to overcome poor penetration. A 3² full factorial formulation design of experiment (DOE) was applied for optimization of batches with consideration of dependent (drying time, viscosity, and rate of drug diffusion) and independent (solvent ratio and film former ratio) variables. The optimized formulation was selected based on drying time, viscosity, and rate of drug diffusion. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for % non-volatile content assay, smoothness of flow, water resistance, drug content, scanning electron microscope (SEM), at. force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro drug release, ex vivo transungual permeation, antifungal efficacy, and stability study. The optimized LCZ-NL contained 70:30 solvent ratio and 1:1 film former ratio and was found to have ∼ 1.79-fold higher rate of drug diffusion in comparison with LULY. DSC and XRD studies confirmed that luliconazole retains its crystalline property in the prepared formulation. Antifungal study against Trichophyton spp. showed that LCZ-NL has comparatively higher growth inhibition than LULY. Hence, developed LCZ-NL can be a promising topical drug delivery system for treating onychomycosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New 2D Assemblage of Supertetrahedral Chalcogenide Clusters with Tetravalent-Metal-Induced Interrupted Sites was written by Wu, Zhou;Luo, Min;Xue, Chaozhuang;Zhang, Jiaxu;Lv, Jing;Wang, Xiang;Wu, Tao. And the article was included in Crystal Growth & Design in 2019.Electric Literature of C4H11NO This article mentions the following:

Reported here are two new layered chalcogenide frameworks built from tetravalent-metal-induced triconnected supertetrahedral T3-InSnS clusters. This work demonstrates the significant role of tetravalent metal ion in building new 2D chalcogenide frameworks with the interrupted sites. Moreover, both chalcogenide materials show good performance on the photodegradation of methyl blue (MB). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Electric Literature of C4H11NO).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Electric Literature of C4H11NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Unified sensing of the concentration and enantiomeric composition of chiral compounds with an achiral probe was written by Sripada, Archita;Thanzeel, F. Yushra;Wolf, Christian. And the article was included in Chem in 2022.Name: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Long-standing impracticalities with optical chiral compound sensing have limited the potential and acceptance of high-throughput experimentation technol. despite the introduction of com. available CD (CD) microplate readers. Chiroptical asym. reaction sensing typically requires UV or fluorescence measurements in combination with CD anal. to determine yield and enantiomeric ratio with two sep. calibration curves. Herein, we introduce a strategy that achieves both through the exclusive use of CD anal. with an achiral probe designed for quant. sensing of amines, amino alcs., and all standard chiral amino acids, thus eliminating the need for UV and fluorescence measurements. Unified CD sensing outperforms traditional optical, NMR, and chromatog. methods and offers speed, labor, and cost benefits at reduced chem. waste production It can be easily adapted by any laboratory, it can be applied in microscale asym. reaction screening without workup, and it is universally applicable and not restricted to the use of any particular optical probe. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Name: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization and rheological behavior of asphalt binder modified by a novel cyclic borate ester additive was written by Oruc, Seref;Yilmaz, Bahadir;Sancak, Kemal. And the article was included in Construction and Building Materials in 2022.Related Products of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

In the current study, the synthesis of a novel additive containing boron and its inclusion in asphalt binder was completely achieved under chem. laboratory conditions. Following this objective, the structural analyses of the additive containing boron, namely Cyclic Borate Ester (CBE), and the modified asphalt binders were examined The asphalt binders were blended with CBE additive in 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% (weight/weight) ratios at each stage of the experiment The elemental analyses of CBE were performed using the Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy test, the thermogravimetry (TG), and the proton NMR (¹H NMR) spectroscopy test. The mechanisms of the modification in the modified asphalt binders were researched using FTIR while their microstructures and thermal degradation behaviors were analyzed via SEM (SEM) and TG tests. In the analyses the rheol. behaviors of the blends were investigated by the temperature-frequency-amplitude sweeps in dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test. According to the exptl. results, it was seen that there was no phase separation between CBE and the asphalt matrix. There was an electrostatic interaction between asphalt and CBE ′s hydrocarbon chain. Accordingly, it was observed that the rutting resistance and elastic characteristics of the base asphalt binder investigated in the study were increased by including CBE. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Related Products of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Two Penta-Supertetrahedral Cluster-Based Chalcogenide Open Frameworks: Effect of the Cluster Spatial Connectivity on the Electron-Transport Efficiency was written by Lv, Jing;Zhang, Jiaxu;Xue, Chaozhuang;Hu, Dandan;Wang, Xiang;Li, Dong-Sheng;Wu, Tao. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2019.Electric Literature of C4H11NO This article mentions the following:

High-degree connectivity of clusters in open-framework chalcogenide semiconductors conceptually facilitates electron mobility between clusters; however, no direct evidence was obtained to prove the prediction because of the shortage of suitable structure models among such systems. Herein, two open-framework chalcogenides built from the same types of heterometallic P2-CuInSnS clusters but with different spatial connectivities of clusters were obtained, in which 3-connected clusters are assembled into a 3D framework with SrSi₂ topol. (MCOF-1) and 4-connected clusters (μ₄-P2) are arranged into diamond topol. (MCOF-2). Compared to MCOF-1, MCOF-2 exhibits a relatively rapid photocurrent response, good reproducibility, and high electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction activity. This work substantially demonstrates that cluster-based chalcogenide frameworks with higher-degree cluster connectivity possess faster electron-transport efficiency between adjacent clusters relative to low-connected ones with the same building units. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Electric Literature of C4H11NO).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C4H11NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fit-for-purpose characterization of air-liquid-interface (ALI) in vitro exposure systems for e-vapor aerosol was written by Zhang, J.;Doshi, U.;Wolz, R. L.;Kosachevsky, P.;Oldham, M. J.;Gillman, I. G.;Lee, K. M.. And the article was included in Toxicology In Vitro in 2022.Formula: C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

Air-liquid-interface (ALI) exposure systems deliver aerosol to the apical surface of cells which mimics the in vivo inhalation exposure conditions. It is necessary, however, to quantify the delivered amount of aerosol for ALI-based in vitro toxicity assessment. In this study, we evaluated two com. available ALI exposure systems, a Vitrocell Ames 48 (Ames 48) and a Vitrocell 24/48 (VC 24/48), and the Vitrocell VC1/7 smoking machine using a cig-a-like cartridge-based e-vapor device with a prototype formulation (containing 4% nicotine by weight). We characterized aerosol particle-size distribution, aerosol mass, and major chem. components (nicotine, propylene glycol, and glycerol) at the generation source and verified the repeatability of the aerosol generation. We determined aerosol delivery at the ALI by gravimetric anal. of mass collected on Cambridge filter pads and anal. quantitation of the buffer medium which showed that both aerosol mass and nicotine to an exposure insert linearly increased up to 400 puffs. The delivered aerosol mass covered a wide range of 0.8-3.4 mg per insert in the Ames 48 with variability (relative standard deviation, RSD) up to 12% and 1.1-6.4 mg per insert in the VC 24/48 with variability up to 15%. The delivered nicotine ranged approx. up to 200 μg per insert in both exposure systems. These results provided operation and aerosol delivery information of these ALI exposure systems for subsequent in vitro testing of e-vapor aerosols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Formula: C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Formula: C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Multifunctional isoquinoline-oxazoline ligands of chemical and biological importance was written by Li, Wei;Wang, Guotong;Lai, Jixing;Li, Shengkun. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.Application In Synthesis of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Multifunctional isoquinoline-oxazolines (MIQOXs) were conceived and synthesized from com. available chiral amino acids. The multifunctional role of MIQOXs was demonstrated by Pd-catalyzed highly enantioselective addition of arylboronic acids to nitrostyrenes, and by the discovery of novel antifungal candidates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Application In Synthesis of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines via sequential asymmetric allylic alkylation and ring contraction was written by Goldstein, Elizabeth L.;Takada, Hirokazu;Sumii, Yuji;Baba, Katsuaki;Stoltz, Brian M.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2022.Computed Properties of C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of a variety of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines I (R = Bn, t-Bu; R¹ = CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂C₆H₅, (CH₂)₂CF₃) is described. A stereogenic quaternary center is first formed utilizing an asym. allylic alkylation reaction of benzyloxy imides II, which can then be reduced to chiral hydroxamic acids III. This compound can then undergo a thermal ‘Spino’ ring contraction to afford carbamate protected 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines I stereospecifically. These pyrrolidines I can be further advanced to enantioenriched indolizidine compds like (8aS)-6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-8a-methyl-1,2,3,5,8,8a-hexahydroindolizine. This reaction sequence allows access to new mols. that could be useful in the development of pharmaceutical agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Computed Properties of C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Computed Properties of C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comprehensive Chirality Sensing: Development of Stereodynamic Probes with a Dual (Chir)optical Response was written by Bentley, Keith W.;Wolf, Christian. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.Quality Control of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The attachment of a salicylaldehyde ring and a cofacial aryl or heteroaryl N-oxide chromophore onto a naphthalene scaffold affords stereodynamic probes designed to rapidly bind amines, amino alcs., or amino acids and to translate this binding event via substrate-to-receptor chirality amplification into a dual (chir)optical response. 1-(3′-Formyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(9′-anthryl)naphthalene (1) was prepared via two consecutive Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, and the three-dimensional structure and racemization kinetics were studied by crystallog. and dynamic HPLC. This probe proved successful for chirality sensing of several compounds, but in situ IR monitoring of the condensation reaction between the salicylaldehyde moiety in 1 and phenylglycinol showed that the imine formation takes 2 h. Optimization of the substrate binding rate and the CD and fluorescence readouts led to the replacement of anthracene with smaller fluorophores capable of intramol. hydrogen bonding. 1-(3′-Formyl-4′-methoxyphenyl)-8-(4′-isoquinolyl)naphthalene N-oxide (2) and its pyridyl analog 3 combine fast substrate binding with distinctive chiral amplification. This asym. transformation of the 1st kind prompts CD and fluorescence responses that can be used for in situ determination of the absolute configuration, ee, and total concentration of many compounds The general utility of the three chemosensors was successfully tested on 18 substrates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Quality Control of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A multivalent mixed-metal strategy for single-Cu⁺-ion-bridged cluster-based chalcogenide open frameworks for sensitive nonenzymatic detection of glucose was written by Zhang, Jiaxu;Wang, Xiang;Lv, Jing;Li, Dong-Sheng;Wu, Tao. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

Here we report two new metal-chalcogenide open frameworks (MCOFs) with large-sized supertetrahedral clusters bridged by an accessible single-cuprous ion via a multivalent mixed-metal strategy. Such Cu-rich semiconductor MCOFs have been investigated for the first time for nonenzymic detection of glucose, and display good sensitivity and stability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3HPLC of Formula: 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts