Tag: 0-100

Non-covalent interactions of selected flavors with pea protein: Role of molecular structure of flavor compounds was written by Bi, Shuang;Pan, Xin;Zhang, Wentao;Ma, Zhuo;Lao, Fei;Shen, Qun;Wu, Jihong. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

The influence of the mol. structures of flavor compounds (specifically, variations in chain length and functional groups) on the binding of the flavor compounds (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, hexanal, and (E)-2-octenal to pea protein was investigated. The results showed that the mol. structures of the flavor compounds strongly influenced their binding affinity for pea protein. Specifically, (E)-2-octenal exhibited a higher binding affinity and a higher Stern-Volmer constant with pea protein than both hexanal and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol. Thermodn. anal. indicated that the flavor compound-pea protein interactions were spontaneous. Hydrophobic interactions were dominant in the non-covalent interactions between (E)-2-octenal/(Z)-2-penten-1-ol and pea protein, whereas hydrogen bonding was dominant in the non-covalent interactions between hexanal and pea protein. Surface hydrophobicity measurements, the use of bond-disrupting agents, and mol. docking further supported the hypothesis that hydrogen bonding, as well as hydrophobic interactions, occurred between the flavor compounds and pea protein. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Reference of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Reference of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bifunctional Metal-free Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Methanol and Diols from CO₂ and Epoxide was written by Chatterjee, Rupak;Bhattacharjee, Sudip;Bhaumik, Asim. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Product Details of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Currently world is facing a serious environmental concern in the steady increase in the CO₂ concentration in air and this is directly related to climate change. Thus, successful utilization of CO₂ into valuable chems. is one of our primary goals. Herein, we have successfully fabricated a porous organic polymer PDVTA-1 via the free radical cross coupling between divinylbenzene and triallyl amine. This porous polymer is found to possess permanent porosity with a very high BET surface area of 915 m² g^-1. Furthermore, upon sulfonation PDVTA-1 is found to be very active as a bifunctional catalyst with a high BET surface area of 477 m²g^-1 and it efficiently catalyzes the synthesis of methanol and diols from CO₂ and resp. epoxide under solvent-free process and relatively milder reaction conditions. In this method 34% yield of methanol and 53% propylene glycol are produced from CO₂ and propylene oxide by using considerably mild reducing agent Et₃SiH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Product Details of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Off-critical wetting layer divergence at the liquid/vapor interface of binary liquid mixtures was written by Williamson, J. Charles;Weatherford, Emily E.;DenBeste, Makayla M.;Riley, K. Caroline;Yee, Estella F.;Rogers, Sawyer T.;Tibbetts, Clara A.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Physics in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Surface wetting phenomena impact chem., physics, biol., and engineering. The wetting behaviors of partially miscible binary liquid systems are especially complex. Here, we report evidence of universal behavior in the divergence of wetting layer growth at liquid-vapor interfaces of the cyclohexane + aniline, hexane + o-toluidine, and methanol + carbon disulfide systems. Layer growth on the micron scale was followed using visible light scattering from stirred samples. The layer thicknesses were found to diverge with decreasing temperature when coexistence was approached from the one-phase region, but only for solutions richer in the higher d./higher surface tension component. The onset of divergence was <1 K above the bulk coexistence temperature; nearer the critical composition, the onset temperature was the critical temperature itself. All three systems showed identical divergent wetting properties after variable normalization. In contrast, no divergent wetting layer formation was seen in the benzene + 1,2-propanediol or water + phenol systems. The math. sign of the Hamaker constant correlates with the contrasting behaviors. Collectively, these results have implications for theor. descriptions of adsorption layer growth and crossover behavior, for measurements of complete wetting temperatures, and for practical applications. (c) 2022 American Institute of Physics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rational Optimization of Bifunctional Organoboron Catalysts for Versatile Polyethers via Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides was written by Qi, Huan;Xie, Rui;Yang, Guan-Wen;Zhang, Yao-Yao;Xu, Cheng-Kai;Wang, Yuhui;Wu, Guang-Peng. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.SDS of cas: 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium borane bifunctional catalysts have shown high catalytic performance in ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of epoxides to produce polyether. Herein, we systematically investigate a series of well-defined organoboron catalysts by varying the electronic and steric properties of the Lewis acidic boron (B) centers, manipulating the steric hindrance on the ammonium cation (N⁺), adjusting the distance between B and N⁺, and regulating the nucleic B number of the catalysts. The investigation on the dinuclear catalysts indicated that the reactivity of a given catalyst could be speculated by its B-N-B angle and the B···B distance. We found that the increase of Lewis acidity and the number of B centers of the organoboron catalysts are useful for a high catalytic activity for ROP of epoxides. The Lewis acidity of the B centers was determined using the acceptor numbers, showing an order of borinane (23.4) > BBN (21.7) > BCy₂ (18.8) > Bpin (15.5). Moreover, we demonstrated the production of various telechelic polyols in the presence of different chain transfer agents using the organoboron catalysts. The produced telechelic samples have a well-defined terminal functionality with controllable mol. weight Lastly, these organoboron catalysts were utilized to produce block copolymers, allyl-terminated macromonomers, and random copolymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6SDS of cas: 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.SDS of cas: 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation of 3-azetidinols with non-bulky 1-alkyl substituents was written by Higgins, Robert H.;Eaton, Quentin L.;Worth, Leroy Jr.;Peterson, Myra V.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1987.SDS of cas: 111043-48-2 This article mentions the following:

Condensation of (ClCH₂)₂CHOR (R = tetrahydropyranyl, Me₃Si) with R¹NH₂ (R¹ = Me, Et, Me₂CH, Me₃C, 3-MeOC₆H₄CH₂, 4-R²C₆H₄CH₂, R² = H, F, Me, MeO), followed by acid hydrolysis gave azetidinols I (R = H) in 0-26% yields. Silylation of R¹NHCH(OH)CH₂Cl with AcNHSiMe₃, followed by cyclization gave siloxyazetidines I (R = Me₃Si) in 16-59% yields. Desilylation of I (R = Me₃Si) with dilute HCl or catalytic NaOMe in MeOH gave I (R = H) in 57-95% yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-1-methylazetidine (cas: 111043-48-2SDS of cas: 111043-48-2).

3-Hydroxy-1-methylazetidine (cas: 111043-48-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 111043-48-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New C₂-symmetric chiral phosphinite ligands based on amino alcohol scaffolds and their use in the ruthenium-catalysed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones was written by Durap, Feyyaz;Aydemir, Murat;Elma, Duygu;Baysal, Akin;Turgut, Yilmaz. And the article was included in Comptes Rendus Chimie in 2013.SDS of cas: 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

Asym. transfer hydrogenation processes of ketones with chiral mol. catalysts are attracting increasing interest from synthetic chemists due to their operational simplicity. C₂-sym. catalysts have also received much attention and been used in many reactions. A series of new chiral C₂-sym. bis(phosphinite) ligands has been prepared from corresponding amino acid derived amino alcs. or (R)-2-amino-1-butanol through a three- or four-step procedure. Their structures have been elucidated by a combination of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and elemental anal. ¹H-³¹P NMR, DEPT, ¹H-¹³C HETCOR or ¹H-¹H COSY correlation experiments were used to confirm the spectral assignments. In situ prepared ruthenium catalytic systems were successfully applied to ruthenium-catalyzed asym. transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone derivatives by iso-PrOH. Under optimized conditions, these chiral ruthenium catalyst systems serve as catalyst precursors for the asym. transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone derivatives in iso-PrOH and act as good catalysts, giving the corresponding optical secondary alcs. in 99% yield and up to 79% ee. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3SDS of cas: 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assessment of inhalation toxicity of cigarette smoke and aerosols from flavor mixtures: 5-week study in A/J mice was written by Wong, Ee Tsin;Luettich, Karsta;Cammack, Lydia;Chua, Chin Suan;Sciuscio, David;Merg, Celine;Corciulo, Maica;Piault, Romain;Ashutosh, Kumar;Smith, Cameron;Leroy, Patrice;Moine, Fabian;Glabasnia, Anneke;Diana, Pierrick;Chia, Cecilia;Tung, Ching Keong;Ivanov, Nikolai;Hoeng, Julia;Peitsch, Manuel;Lee, Kyeonghee Monica;Vanscheeuwijck, Patrick. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Toxicology in 2022.Product Details of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Most flavors used in e-liquids are generally recognized as safe for oral consumption, but their potential effects when inhaled are not well characterized. In vivo inhalation studies of flavor ingredients in e-liquids are scarce. A structure-based grouping approach was used to select 38 flavor group representatives (FGR) on the basis of known and in silico-predicted toxicol. data. These FGRs were combined to create prototype e-liquid formulations and tested against cigarette smoke (CS) in a 5-wk inhalation study. Female A/J mice were whole-body exposed for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 5 wk to air, mainstream CS, or aerosols from (1) test formulations containing propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerol (VG), nicotine (N; 2% weight/weight), and flavor (F) mixtures at low (4.6% weight/weight), medium (9.3% weight/weight), or high (18.6% weight/weight) concentration or (2) base formulation (PG/VG/N). Male A/J mice were exposed to air, PG/VG/N, or PG/VG/N/F-high under the same exposure regimen. There were no significant mortality or in-life clin. findings in the treatment groups, with only transient weight loss during the early exposure adaptation period. While exposure to flavor aerosols did not cause notable lung inflammation, it caused only minimal adaptive changes in the larynx and nasal epithelia. In contrast, exposure to CS resulted in lung inflammation and moderate-to-severe changes in the epithelia of the nose, larynx, and trachea. In summary, the study evaluates an approach for assessing the inhalation toxicity potential of flavor mixtures, thereby informing the selection of flavor exposure concentrations (up to 18.6%) for a future chronic inhalation study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Product Details of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Product Details of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sustainable Utilization of Leather Wastes: A Novel Waterborne Polyurethane-Reinforced Collagen Hydrolysate-Based Functional Paper Internal Sizing Agent was written by Yang, Mao;Rui, Lang;Lu, Yuhan;Han, Wenjia;Dang, Xugang. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.SDS of cas: 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Functional papermaking additives have tremendous potential for application in multipurpose paper. In this research, a functional paper internal sizing agent based on waterborne polyurethane-grafted collagen hydrolyzate (WPUC) was first prepared via free-radical emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomer-modified collagen hydrolyzate and waterborne polyurethane (WPU). Then, the prepared WPUC was used as an internal sizing agent for sustainable processing and manufacturing of the handsheets. FTIR, XRD, DSC, and other anal. techniques were used to characterize the behavior and effects of WPUC internal sizing on the handsheets. The research found that the tensile coefficient, the tear coefficient, the folding resistance, and Cobb₆₀ of the handsheets reached 55.8 N.m.g^-1, 1.9 mN.m².g^-1, 12 times, and 190 g/m², resp., when the WPUC sizing agent was 2% in the pulp. In addition, when the precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and WPUC were incorporated in the pulp, the retention rate of PCC could be greatly increased without affecting the mech. properties of the finished paper. Specifically, when the PCC dosages were 25 and 50% in the papermaking, the PCC retention rate of handsheets with the WPUC sizing agent increased correspondingly by 139.2 and 174.5%, resp. Moreover, the handsheets had good water resistance. The results indicate that the WPUC is expected to be used as a novel paper internal sizing agent to further improve the paper performance as well as lower the production costs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6SDS of cas: 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New chiral 1,4,2-oxazaphosphorinanes bearing a free hydroxy group was written by Zinnatullin, R. G.;Nikitina, K. A.;Badeeva, E. K.;Metlushka, K. E.. And the article was included in Russian Chemical Bulletin in 2021.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Abstract: New chiral 3-aryl-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-R-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorinanes were obtained by a three-step one-pot synthesis, which included the preparation of imines from enantiopure (2R)-2-aminoalkan-1-ols, their phosphonylation and subsequent dealkylation of the P(O)OEt-fragment. The major diastereomers of the compounds obtained were found to have the (3R,5R)-configuration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Interfacial properties of liquid metal immersed in various liquids was written by Ryu, Gaabhin;Park, Kwangseok;Kim, Hyoungsoo. And the article was included in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science in 2022.Electric Literature of C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

When gallium-based liquid metal (LM) droplets are injected through different solvent media, the oxygen solubility of the environment influences the droplet eccentricity. The formation of an oxide membrane in solvents can determine whether a bulk-scale droplet behaves in a liquidlike or solidlike manner. In the case of LM emulsions, the solvent’s oxygen solubility leads to varying degrees of organic solvent adsorption. The adsorption of solvent mols. changes the surface energy of the oxide layer. The pinch-off frames of LM droplets immersed in liquids with differing oxygen solubility were captured using a high-speed camera. Through SEM (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the surface composition of micro and nanoscale LM emulsions in different solvents was investigated. The van Oss-Good model was implemented to determine the polar and nonpolar surface energy components of LM layers with adsorbates. Pear-shaped LM droplets displaying solidlike behavior are created when the mole fraction of dissolved oxygen in the ambient solution is above approx. 2.43 x 10^-4. For LM emulsions sonicated in organic solvents, Carbon/Oxygen (C/O) and Carbon/Gallium (C/Ga) at. percent ratios display an increasing trend with increasing oxygen solubility The nonpolar component of surface energy shows a logarithmic relationship with the oxygen solubility of the solvent used to treat the LM layer. The polar component of surface energy is more susceptible to the chem. properties of the solvent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Electric Literature of C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Electric Literature of C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts