Tag: 0-100

N-Phosphorylated derivatives of 5-nitroindazole as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents and docking study against DNA gyrase A was written by Thaslim Basha, S. K.;Subba Rao, Devineni;Madhava, Golla;Basha, Shaik Thahir;Devamma, Mundla Nagalakshmi;Saddala, Madhu Sudhana;Asupatri, Usha Rani;Raju, Chamarthi Naga. And the article was included in Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements in 2015.Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

A series of new phosphoramidates I [R = (CH₂)₄N, O(CH₂CH₂)₂N, (CH₂)₅N, etc.] were synthesized by reacting 5-nitroindazole with 4-chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate, and then further with various bio-potent aromatic/hetero/alkyl amines. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data (IR, ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR and mass) and elemental anal. The products were evaluated for their antioxidant activity (DPPH, H₂O₂ methods and IC₅₀ values) and antimicrobial activity against the growth of Gram bacterial (pos. and neg.) and fungal pathogens. In the entire bio-screening data, the authors observed that is the most active compound in terms of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Further to know the binding interactions of title products with DNA gyrase A enzyme (E. coli), mol. docking studies were performed which revealed and exhibited high binding affinities towards the enzyme, DNA gyrase A, and are higher than that of the standard antibiotic, streptomycin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

5-Substituted 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines with anti-proliferative activity as potent and selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases was written by Vymetalova, Ladislava;Havlicek, Libor;Sturc, Antonin;Skraskova, Zuzana;Jorda, Radek;Pospisil, Tomas;Strnad, Miroslav;Krystof, Vladimir. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Related Products of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

A series of 5-substituted 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition activity. The most potent compounds contained various hydroxyalkylamines at the 5 position and possessed low nanomolar IC₅₀ values for CDK2 and CDK5. Preliminary profiling of one of the most active compounds on a panel of 50 protein kinases revealed its high selectivity for CDKs. The compounds arrested cells in S and G2/M phases, and induced apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Significant dephosphorylation of the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), well-established substrates of CDKs, has been found in treated cells. Cleavage of PARP-1, down-regulation of Mcl-1 and activation of caspases correlated well with CDK inhibition and confirmed apoptosis as the primary type of cell death induced in cancer cells treated with the compounds in vitro. A comparison of known purine-based CDK inhibitor CR8 with its pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine bioisosteres confirmed that the novel compounds are more potent in cellular assays than purines. Therefore, pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine may emerge as a novel scaffold in medicinal chem. and as a source of potent CDK inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Related Products of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 5856-63-3

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Wheat Straw Biomass was written by Brienza, Filippo;Van Aelst, Korneel;Devred, Francois;Magnin, Delphine;Sels, Bert F.;Gerin, Patrick A.;Cybulska, Iwona;Debecker, Damien P.. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

The reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising method for the development of “lignin-first” biorefineries. Apart from the widely investigated virgin woody biomass, it is essential to explore the potential of waste biomass feedstocks. Herein, the RCF of wheat straw is examined to produce lignin mono-/oligomers along with a processable carbohydrate pulp. The use of different catalysts (Ru/C and Ru/Al₂O₃) and catalyst loadings (0-20% weight/weight_biomass) revealed the superior performance of Ru/C, which resulted in the largest yield of phenolic monomers (up to ~25 wt % of initial acid-insoluble lignin) and in the lowest formation of high-mol.-weight fragments in the extracted lignin oil. Furthermore, the operating temperature was shown to substantially affect both lignin extraction-depolymerization and polysaccharides preservation-processability. For a reaction time of 3 h, an increase of the temperature from 200 to 250°C resulted in a >2-fold boost of the yields of lignin oil and monophenolics, while the recovery of polysaccharides decreased by about 30 weight % (with ~20% lower enzymic digestibility). An economic assessment highlighted that the high-temperature treatment becomes the most profitable configuration as the market price of lignin products increases. Overall, this work provides insight into the adoption of the RCF for the upgrading of lignocellulose from inexpensive and widely available wheat straw biomass. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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A new synthetic route to chiral 3-aryl-5-ethyl-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorines was written by Metlushka, Kirill E.;Sadkova, Dilyara N.;Nikitina, Kristina A.;Yamaleeva, Zilya R.;Ivshin, Kamil A.;Kataeva, Olga N.;Alfonsov, Vladimir A.. And the article was included in Mendeleev Communications in 2018.Application of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

Diastereoselective synthesis of racemic and enantiopure 3-aryl-5-ethyl-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorines, including those bearing phenolic hydroxyl groups in the exocyclic aromatic fragment, was implemented by the reaction of imines derived from (±)-and (R)-(-)-2-aminobutan-1-ol and (hydroxy)benzaldehydes with tri-Et phosphite and trifluoroacetic acid, followed by the one-pot dealkylation of the intermediate esters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Application of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 5856-63-3

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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The formulation and physicochemical properties of betaine-based natural deep eutectic solvent was written by Mohd Fuad, Faiznur;Mohd Nadzir, Masrina. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Eleven different types of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) were synthesized using betaine (Bet) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with glycerol (Gly), 1,2-propanediol (1,2P), lactic acid (LA), levulinic acid (Lev), anhydrous citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA), tartaric acid (TA), xylitol (Xyl), sorbitol (Sor), glucose (Glu), and sucrose (Suc) as the hydrogen bond donors (HBD). They were synthesized at different molar ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) to determine their appropriate formulation. Formulations that gave a clear, homogenous liquid were identified as Bet-Gly (1:2), Bet-1,2P (1:4), Bet-LA (1:2), Bet-Lev (1:2), Bet-CA (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-MA (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-TA (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-Xyl (1:2, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-Sor (1:2, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-Glu (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), and Bet-Suc (1:1, 20% weight/weight water). The successfully synthesized NADESs remained as stable liquids for more than 30 days. Based on the anal. using Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, it was confirmed that a hydrogen bonding interaction was established between the HBA and the HBD in the NADES system. In addition, the thermal stabilities of these NADESs were evaluated through a thermogravimetry anal. (TGA). The onset decomposition temperatures of the NADESs were in the range of 106.92°C-233.66°C. Furthermore, the NADESs were evaluated for their physicochem. properties, including viscosity, d., polarity, surface tension, elec. conductivity, and pH. The NADESs were often diluted with water to reduce viscosity during their application. Therefore, the influence of the addition of water on the physicochem. properties of NADESs was evaluated. This knowledge provides an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and behavior of the NADESs during any process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kinetic analysis of the conversion of aqueous erythritol solution on Ir/ReO_x/TiO₂ in a batch slurry reactor was written by Virgilio, Emanuel M.;Sad, Maria E.;Padro, Cristina L.. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, A: General in 2022.Name: 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

The influence of temperature, H₂ pressure and erythritol concentration on the hydrogenolysis of erythritol was studied using Ir/ReO_x/TiO₂. Under the conditions used here, four reaction routes coexist: isomerization, dehydration, C-O and C-C hydrogenolysis. The initial rates as well as reaction orders and activation energy were estimated for each pathway. The variation of the hydrogen pressure produced slight changes in the isomerization, dehydration, and C-C hydrogenolysis routes, whereas C-O hydrogenolysis showed order 1 with respect to this reagent. The change in erythritol concentration affected more the dehydration, resulting in a reaction order for this reactant close to 1, while for the other routes the order was close to 0.5. Regarding the influence of the temperature, dehydration of erythritol showed the highest activation energy (212.1 kJ mol^-1) and the isomerization the lowest (20.0 kJ mol^-1). Furthermore, it was found that the ruptures of C-C bonds require higher energy than C-O bonds break. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Name: 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: 1,2-Propanediol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Study of Mesalazine Solubility in Ternary Mixtures of Ethanol, Propylene Glycol, and Water at Various Temperatures was written by Rahimpour, Elaheh;Martinez, Fleming;Hemmati, Salar;Ramezani, Amir M.;Jouyban, Abolghasem. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2022.Product Details of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Mesalazine is a low-permeable and low-soluble drug, which makes it a class IV drug in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. Hence, its solubilization can be helpful for various stages of formulation development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the solubilization manner and thermodn. of mesalazine in ternary solvent combinations of {ethanol (1) + propylene glycol (2) + water (3)} using the shake-flask technique at (298.2-313.2) K. In the following, the math. representation of the acquired solubility data using some popular models was evaluated. The accuracies of the applied models were described by percentages of mean relative deviation (MRD%). Based on obtained results (MRD% < 10.0), it can be concluded that the trained models can adequately predict the solubility of mesalazine in the investigated ternary solvent combinations. The findings also revealed that the solution composition and temperatures greatly influence the solubility of mesalazine. In addition, the thermodn. characteristics of the mesalazine dissolution process indicate that the mesalazine dissolution process is endothermic and entropy-driven. The generating data in the current work also expands the available solubility database for mesalazine in the solvent mixtures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Product Details of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Numerical and Experimental Performance Assessment of a Single-Phase Supersonic Ejector was written by Hamzaoui, Malek;Nesreddine, Hakim;Aidoun, Zine. And the article was included in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

This paper proposes an integrated numerical-exptl. study of a fixed geometry ejector designed for a cooling system activated by waste heat. Ejector operation is analyzed for cases of imposed input and output sets of conditions in terms of pressures and/or temperatures Experiments with constant primary conditions and secondary temperature were conducted in a range of outlet pressures for model validation purposes. A parametric anal. was then performed for constant pressure and temperature conditions at both inputs (primary and secondary) by varying the outlet pressure. For each test case, performance in terms of entrainment ratio, local parameters distributions (P, M, τ) and the internal flow structure were analyzed in an attempt to establish a link between the external constraints, the flow structure, the operation stability and performance within the range of cooling applications. The ranges of operating conditions investigated were P_p = 4.77 bar, T_p = 83°C and, resp., 1.7 ≤ Pc ≤ 2.4 bar, 12.5°C ≤ Te ≤ 16.5°C, at saturation Exptl. entrainment ratio, ER_exp in the range of 0.12-0.22 was numerically simulated within ± 10%. It was shown that both the ejector operation and the internal flow configurations were sensitive to backpressure. More particularly, an optimal backpressure exists to which corresponds an on-design conditions with maximized entrainment ratio and a shock-wave train located at the end of the mixing chamber. A backpressure increase sets the ejector in off design. This mode of operation is characterized by a shift of the shock train toward the inlets, a disturbance of the flow configuration, a diminution of the entrainment ratio and a deterioration of the operation stability. On the other hand, a backpressure decrease does not affect the ejector stability of operation at its maximum entrainment ratio for the prevailing conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification and characterization of chemical and physical stability of insulin formulations utilizing degraded glycerol after repeated use and storage was written by Sun, Min-Fei;Xu, Youfu;Yuan, Jun-Jie;Fang, Wei-Jie. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Insulin treatment is currently considered to be the main strategy for controlling diabetes. Although the recombinant insulin formulation is relatively mature, we found that a batch of insulin formulation exhibited an unusual degradation rate in the stability experiment The main purposes of this article are to identify the root cause for this phenomenon and characterize of chem. and phys. degradation products. We compared the chem. and phys. stability of two batches of insulin formulations prepared sep. with simulated repeated use and freshly opened glycerol. The chem. stability of insulin was identified by liquid chromatog. coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC- MS/MS). Micro-flow imaging (MFI), far-UV CD (Far-UV CD) and Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescent assays were used to reveal protein aggregation and fibrosis. The chem. and phys. stability of the insulin formulation with newly opened glycerol was much better than that with degraded glycerol, and both groups of formulations were extremely sensitive to light. The results indicated that the original batch insulin formulation with abnormal stability was indeed caused by the excipient glycerol after long-term storage and repeated usage. More attention should be paid to the quality changes of excipients during repeated usage and storage of excipients for the practical purpose. Moreover, we have discovered a novel degradation pathway for insulin and peptides in general. In addition, LC-MS/MS results suggested that the N-terminus of insulin B-chain was prone to chem. degradation which enlightens that it could be potentially modified to improve the stability of insulin formulations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of the permeation kinetics of formamide in porcine articular cartilage was written by Dong, Rachael;Clark, Shannon;Laouar, Leila;Heinrichs, Luke;Wu, Kezhou;Jomha, Nadr M.;Elliott, Janet A. W.. And the article was included in Cryobiology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Cryopreservation of articular cartilage will increase tissue availability for osteochondral allografting and improve clin. outcomes. However, successful cryopreservation of articular cartilage requires the precise determination of cryoprotectant permeation kinetics to develop effective vitrification protocols. To date, permeation kinetics of the cryoprotectant formamide in articular cartilage have not been sufficiently explored. The objective of this study was to determine the permeation kinetics of formamide into porcine articular cartilage for application in vitrification. The permeation of DMSO was first measured to validate existing methods from our previously published literature. Osteochondral dowels from dissected porcine femoral condyles were incubated in 6.5 M DMSO for a designated treatment time (1 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min, 24 h) at 22 °C (N = 3). Methods were then repeated with 6.5 M formamide at one of three temperatures: 4 °C, 22 °C, 37 °C (N = 3). Following incubation, cryoprotectant efflux into a wash solution occurred, and osmolality was measured from each equilibrated wash solution Concentrations of effluxed cryoprotectant were calculated and diffusion coefficients were determined using an anal. solution to Fics law for axial and radial diffusion in combination with a least squares approach. The activation energy of formamide was determined from the Arrhenius equation. The diffusion coefficient (2.7-3.3 x 10-10 m2/s depending on temperature) and activation energy (0.9±0.6 kcal/mol) for formamide permeation in porcine articular cartilage were established. The determined permeation kinetics of formamide will facilitate its precise use in future articular cartilage vitrification protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts