Category: 97-67-6

Crescenzo, Raffaella published the artcileEffect of Initial Aging and High-Fat/High-Fructose Diet on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Oxidative Status in Rat Brain, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is hippocampus frontal cortex aging mitochondrial bioenergetics oxidative stress; Cortex; Fructose; Hippocampus; Middle age; Mitochondria; Western diet.

Middle age is an early stage of the aging process, during which the consumption of diets rich in saturated fats and/or simple sugars might influence brain function, but only few data are available on this issue. We therefore investigated the impact of a diet rich in saturated fat and fructose (HFF) on mitochondrial physiol. in hippocampus and frontal cortex of middle-aged rats (1 yr old), by including a group of adult rats (90 days) as a “”neg. control””, lacking the putative effect of aging. Middle-aged rats were fed HFF or control diet for 4 wk. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by high-resolution respirometry and by assessing the amount of respiratory complexes. Markers of oxidative balance, as well as the protein content of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1a), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa), were also assessed. A decrease in the activity of complex I was detected in both brain areas of middle-aged rats. In hippocampus, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and complex IV content decreased with age and increased with HFF diet. Higher protein oxidative damage, decreased antioxidant defenses, and increased UCP2 and PGC-1a content were found in hippocampus of middle-aged rats. HFF feeding induced a significant reduction in the amount of UCP2, PGC-1a, and PPARa, together with higher protein oxidative damage, in both brain areas. Overall, our results point to middle age as a condition of early brain aging for mitochondrial function, with hippocampus being an area more susceptible to metabolic impairment than frontal cortex.

Molecular Neurobiology published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Geidenstam, Nina published the artcileUsing metabolite profiling to construct and validate a metabolite risk score for predicting future weight gain, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is obesity body weight gain metabolite profiling risk score.

Using baseline metabolite profiling data of middle-aged individuals from the Framingham Heart Study, we identified 42 metabolites associated with longitudinal change in body mass index (BMI). We performed stepwise linear regression to select 8 of these metabolites to build a metabolite risk score (MRS) for predicting future weight gain. We replicated the MRS using data from the Mexico City Diabetes Study (MCDS; n = 768), in which one standard deviation increase in the MRS corresponded to 0.03 increase in BMI (kg/m2) per yr (i.e. 0.09 kg/yr for a 1.7 m adult). We observed that none of the available anthropometric, lifestyle, and glycemic variables fully account for the MRS prediction of weight gain. Surprisingly, we found the MRS to be strongly correlated with baseline insulin sensitivity in both cohorts and to be neg. predictive of T2D in MCDS. Genome-wide association study of the MRS identified 2 genome-wide (p < 5 × 10-8) and 5 suggestively (p < 1 × 10-6) significant loci, several of which have been previously linked to obesity-related phenotypes. We have constructed and validated a generalizable MRS for future weight gain that is an independent predictor distinct from several other known risk factors. The MRS captures a composite biol. picture of weight gain, perhaps hinting at the anabolic effects of preserved insulin sensitivity. Future investigation is required to assess the relationships between MRS-predicted weight gain and other obesity-related diseases. PLoS One published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xue, Mingshan published the artcileMetabolomic profiling of anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is human chronic obstructive pulmonary disease metabolomics; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; anaerobic glycolysis; energy metabolism cycle; metabolomics; tricarboxylic acid cycle.

While there is no cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its progressive nature and the formidable challenge to manage its symptoms warrant a more extensive study of the pathogenesis and related mechanisms. A new emphasis on COPD study is the change of energy metabolism For the first time, this study investigated the anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in COPD using the metabolomic approach. Metabolomic anal. was used to investigate energy metabolites in 140 COPD patients. The significance of energy metabolism in COPD was comprehensively explored by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-GOLD grading, acute exacerbation vs. stable phase (either clin. stability or four-week stable phase), age group, smoking index, lung function, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score. Through comprehensive evaluation, we found that COPD patients have a significant imbalance in the aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms in resting state, and a high tendency of anaerobic energy supply mechanism that correlates pos. with disease progression. This study highlighted the significance of anaerobic and low-efficiency energy supply pathways in lung injury and linked it to the energy-inflammation-lung ventilatory function and the motion limitation mechanism in COPD patients, which implies a novel therapeutic direction for this devastating disease.

Experimental Biology and Medicine (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Halling, Jens Frey published the artcilePGC-1α regulates mitochondrial properties beyond biogenesis with aging and exercise training, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is PGC biogenesis aging exercise training mitochondrial property; ADP sensitivity; PGC-1α; ROS; aging; exercise; mitochondria.

Impaired mitochondrial function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-associated metabolic diseases through regulation of cellular redox balance. Exercise training is known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in part through induction of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Recently, mitochondrial ADP sensitivity has been linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission with potential impact on age-associated physiol. outcomes, but the underlying mol. mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of aging and exercise training on mitochondrial properties beyond biogenesis, including respiratory capacity, ADP sensitivity, ROS emission, and mitochondrial network structure, in myofibers from inducible muscle-specific PGC-1a- knockout mice and control mice. Aged mice displayed lower running endurance and mitochondrial respiratory capacity than young mice. This was associated with intermyofibrillar mitochondrial network fragmentation, diminished submaximal ADP-stimulated respiration, increased mitochondrial ROS emission, and oxidative stress. Exercise training reversed the decline in maximal respiratory capacity independent of PGC-1α, whereas exercise training rescued the age-related mitochondrial network fragmentation and the impaired submaximal ADP-stimulated respiration in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. Furthermore, lack of PGC-1α was associated with altered phosphorylation and carbonylation of the inner mitochondrial membrane ADP/ATP exchanger adenine nucleotide translocase 1. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that PGC-1α regulates submaximal ADPstimulated respiration, ROS emission, and mitochondrial network structure in mouse skeletal muscle during aging and exercise training.

American Journal of Physiology published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Karro, Niina published the artcileRespiration of permeabilized cardiomyocytes from mice: no sex differences, but substrate-dependent changes in the apparent ADP-affinity, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cardiomyocyte respiration intracellular diffusion restriction.

Sex differences in cardiac physiol. are getting increased attention. This study assessed whether isolated, permeabilized cardiomyocytes from male and female C57BL/6 mice differ in terms of their respiration with multiple substrates and overall intracellular diffusion restriction estimated by the apparent ADP-affinity of respiration. Using respirometry, we recorded 1) the activities of respiratory complexes I, II and IV, 2) the respiration rate with substrates fuelling either complex I, II, or I + II, and 3) the apparent ADP-affinity with substrates fuelling complex I and I + II. The respiration rates were normalized to protein content and citrate synthase (CS) activity. We found no sex differences in CS activity (a marker of mitochondrial content) normalized to protein content or in any of the respiration measurements. This suggests that cardiomyocytes from male and female mice do not differ in terms of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and apparent ADP-affinity. Pyruvate modestly lowered the respiration rate, when added to succinate, glutamate and malate. This may be explained by intramitochondrial compartmentalization caused by the formation of supercomplexes and their association with specific dehydrogenases. To our knowledge, we show for the first time that the apparent ADP-affinity was substrate-dependent. This suggests that substrates may change or regulate intracellular barriers in cardiomyocytes.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qaisar, Rizwan published the artcileRestoration of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity prevents age-related muscle atrophy and weakness in mice, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is muscle atrophy weakness SERCA gastrocnemius CDN1163 sarcopenia MEF2C; sarcopenia; sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-transporting ATPase; skeletal muscle.

Sarcopenia has a significant neg. impact on healthspan in the elderly and effective pharmacol. interventions remain elusive. We have previously demonstrated that sarcopenia is associated with reduced activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump. We asked whether restoring SERCA activity using pharmacol. activation in aging mice could mitigate the sarcopenia phenotype. We treated 16-mo male C57BL/6J mice with vehicle or CDN1163, an allosteric SERCA activator, for 10 mo. At 26 mo, maximal SERCA activity was reduced 41% in gastrocnemius muscle in vehicle-treated mice but maintained in old CDN1163 treated mice. Reductions in gastrocnemius mass (9%) and in vitro specific force generation in extensor digitorum longus muscle (11%) in 26 vs. 16-mo-old wild-type mice were also reversed by CDN1163. CDN1163 administered by intra-peritoneal injection also prevented the increase in mitochondrial ROS production in gastrocnemius muscles of aged mice. Transcriptomic anal. revealed that these effects are at least in part mediated by enhanced cellular energetics by activation of PGC1-α, UCP1, HSF1, and APMK and increased regenerative capacity by suppression of MEF2C and p38 MAPK signaling. Together, these exciting findings are the first to support that pharmacol. targeting of SERCA can be an effective therapy to counter age-related muscle dysfunction.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fu, Huijie published the artcileEffect of cadmium stress on inorganic and organic components in xylem sap of high cadmium accumulating rice line (Oryza sativa L.), SDS of cas: 97-67-6, the main research area is Oryza xylem sap cadmium stress; Cd; Inorganic anion; Organic component; Rice; Xylem sap.

Physiol. properties involved in cadmium (Cd) transport were investigated in the high Cd accumulating rice line (Lu527-8) in comparison with the normal rice line (Lu527-4) through a soil culture experiment The results showed that Cd contents in xylem saps of Lu527-8 were 1.68-2.55 times higher than those of Lu527-4 under Cd stress. A high-pos. correlation between Cd contents in xylem saps and Cd contents in shoots was observed Lu527-8 owned a more rapid and effective transport of Cd to above-ground part. By analyzing the relationship between inorganic anions, organic components and Cd contents in xylem saps, the lower HPO2-4 and oxalate contents were considered to be related to the higher Cd transport in xylem sap of Lu527-8. As for citrate, tartaric and histidine content, significant increases were observed with the increasing Cd contents in xylem saps of two rice lines, and their contents of Lu527-8 were significantly higher than those of Lu527-4. Citrate, tartaric and histidine could take part in root-to-shoot Cd transport in xylem.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety published new progress about Growth (plant). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, SDS of cas: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Minnaar, Phillip published the artcileEffect of alcoholic and acetous fermentations on the phenolic acids of Kei-apple (Dovyalis caffra L.) fruit, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is Dovyalis caffra fruit phenolic acid alc acetous fermentation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Schizosaccharomyces pombe; acetic acid bacteria; liquid chromatography; phenolics.

The Kei apple is a tree found on the African continent. Limited information exists on the effect of alc. and acetous fermentation on the phytochems. of Kei apple. The fruit has increased concentrations of L-malic, ascorbic, and phenolic acids among other compounds Juice was co-inoculated with Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sp) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) to induce alc. fermentation (AF). Acetous fermentation followed AF, using an acetic acid bacteria (AAB) consortium. Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Sp wines and vinegars had the highest pH. Total acidity, soluble solids and L-malic acid decreased during AF and acetous fermentation, and was highest in Sc wines and vinegars. Volatile acidity (VA) concentration was highest in Sp vinegars but was not significantly different from Sc and Sc + Sp vinegars. Gallic acid was highest in Sp wines and vinegars, whereas syringic acid was highest in Sc wines and vinegars. The Sc + Sp wines were highest in caffeic, p-coumaric, and protocatechuic acids. Schizosaccharomyces pombe vinegars were highest in caffeic and p-coumaric acids. Highest concentrations of ferulic and sinapic acids were found in Sp and Sc wines, resp. Chlorogenic acid was most abundant phenolic acid in both wines and vinegars. Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Sp and Sc fermentation had a pos. effect on most phenolic acids; Sc + AAB had an increased effect on syringic and chlorogenic acids, whereas Sp + AAB resulted in an increase in gallic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acids. The AAB selected had minimal performance with respect to VA production in comparison to com. vinegars. Acetic acid bacteria selection for acetous fermentation should therefore be reconsidered and the decrease of certain phenolic acids during acetous fermentation needs to be investigated.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published new progress about Aberia caffra. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Huynh, Kenny W. published the artcileLactate inhibits naked mole-rat cardiac mitochondrial respiration, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is lactate mitochondrial respiration heart; Electron transport system; Hypoxia; Lactate dehydrogenase; Oxidative phosphorylation.

In aerobic conditions, the proton-motive force drives oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the conversion of ADP to ATP. In hypoxic environments, OXPHOS is impaired, resulting in energy shortfalls and the accumulation of protons and lactate. This results in cellular acidification, which may impact the activity and/or integrity of mitochondrial enzymes and in turn neg. impact mitochondrial respiration and thus aerobic ATP production Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and putatively experience intermittent hypoxia in their underground burrows. However, if and how NMR cardiac mitochondria are impacted by lactate accumulation in hypoxia is unknown. Author predicted that lactate alters mitochondrial respiration in NMR cardiac muscle. To test this, author used high-resolution respirometry to measure mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers from NMRs exposed to 4 h of in vivo normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (7% O2). Author found that: (1) cardiac mitochondria cannot directly oxidize lactate, but surprisingly, (2) lactate inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and (3) decreases complex IV maximum respiratory capacity. Finally, (4) in vivo hypoxic exposure decreases the magnitude of lactate-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, author results suggest that lactate may retard electron transport system function in NMR cardiac mitochondria, particularly in normoxia, and that NMR hearts may be primed for anaerobic metabolism

Journal of Comparative Physiology, B: Biochemical, Systems, and Environmental Physiology published new progress about Acidification. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Kun published the artcileSynthesis, structure, and the second-order nonlinear optical properties of a borate-carboxylic acid compound: KB(L-(-)-C4H4O5]2m·H2O, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is potassium bismalic acid borate second order nonlinear optical property.

A new organic-inorganic hybrid noncentrosym. potassium bis(malic acid)-borates KB(L-(-)-C4H4O5)2·H2O was synthesized by solution method. It was characterized by elemental anal., FT-IR, TGA and single-crystal X-ray crystallog. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 5.546(6), b = 11.985(13), c = 9.952(11) β, β = 97.522(17)°, V = 655.8(13) Δ3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.682 g/cm3, μ(MoKa) = 0.46 mm-1 and F(000) = 340. 5009 reflections were measured and 2893 independent reflections(Rint = 0.051) were used for further refinement. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the complex exhibits a threedimensional pseudo tunnel structure consisting of fundamental building block [B(L-(-)-C4H4O5)2]- anions. The small cavities are occupied by the H2O mols., which stabilize the whole structure by O-H···×O hydrogen bonds. The complex exhibits nonlinear optical effect as high as 1.5 times that of KDP standard

Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry published new progress about Crystal growth. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts