Category: 97-67-6

Hu, Guilin published the artcileEffect of roasting degree of coffee beans on sensory evaluation: Research from the perspective of major chemical ingredients, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is roasting coffee beans; Chemical ingredients; Cluster heatmap; Multivariate analysis; Roasted coffee beans; Sensory indicator; Sensory molecular network.

As the most consumed beverage in the world, the material basis of the sensory quality for roasted coffee beans has always received much attention. The objective of the present study was to clarify the phys. morphol. changes, main chem. ingredients and cupping scores of arabica coffee beans of different roasting degrees, by SEM (SEM), NMR (NMR) and sensory anal., resp. Statistical anal. of the data by multivariate anal. demonstrated that trigonelline, sugars, malate, quinic acids, γ-butyro-lactone and acetate have the potential to be new roasting markers. Addnl., in all the sensory indicators, body and acidity were found to be susceptible to roasting degree. Basing on cluster heatmap and sensory mol. network, the complex relationships between sensory indicators and ingredients were discussed. The results of partial least squares regression (PLSR) showed that the content of the main coffee ingredients can be used to predict the body score.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Boiling point. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Yao published the artcileIDH2 compensates for IDH1 mutation to maintain cell survival under hypoxic conditions in IDH1-mutant tumor cells, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is mutation cell survival proliferation glioma colon cancer.

Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 occur in low-grade gliomas, acute myeloid leukemias and other types of solid cancer. By catalyzing the reversible conversion between isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), IDH1 and 2 contribute to the central process of metabolism, including oxidative and reductive metabolism IDH1 and 2 mutations result in the loss of normal catalytic function and acquire neomorphic activity, facilitating the conversion of α-KG into an oncometabolite, (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, which can cause epigenetic modifications and tumorigenesis. Small-mol. inhibitors of mutant IDH1 and 2 have been developed, and ongoing clin. trials have shown promising results in hematol. malignancies, but not in gliomas. These previous findings make it necessary to identify the mechanism and develop more effective therapies for IDH1-mutant gliomas. In the present study, it was demonstrated that under hypoxic conditions, patient-derived primary glioma cells and HCT116 cells, both of which carry a monoallelic IDH1 arginine 132 to histidine mutation (R132H), have a slower growth rate than the corresponding wild-type IDH1 cells. Western blot anal. showed that IDH1 R132H-mutant cancer cells exhibited upregulated IDH2 protein expression under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the silencing of IDH2 using small interfering RNA significantly inhibited the growth of IDH1-mutant cells under hypoxic conditions. Finally, [U-13C5]glutamine tracer anal. showed that IDH2 knockdown reduced the reductive carboxylation of α-KG into isocitrate in HCT116R132H/+ cells under hypoxic conditions. The present study showed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that IDH2 plays a compensatory role in maintaining reductive carboxylation-dependent lipogenesis and proliferation in IDH1 R132H tumor cells. Therefore, IDH2 could serve as a potential anti-tumor target for IDH1-mutant tumors, which may provide a new strategy for treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports published new progress about Carboxylation. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

DiMario, Robert J. published the artcileA single serine to alanine substitution decreases bicarbonate affinity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in C4Flaveria trinervia, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Flaveria phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase bicarbonate affinity substitution.

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (PEPc) catalyzes the first committed step of C4 photosynthesis generating oxaloacetate from bicarbonate (HCO3-) and PEP. It is hypothesized that PEPc affinity for HCO3- has undergone selective pressure for a lower KHCO3 (Km for HCO3-) to increase the carbon flux entering the C4 cycle, particularly during conditions that limit CO2 availability. However, the decrease in KHCO3 has been hypothesized to cause an unavoidable increase in KPEP (Km for PEP). Therefore, the amino acid residue S774 in the C4 enzyme, which has been shown to increase KPEP, should lead to a decrease in KHCO3. Several studies reported the effect S774 has on KPEP; however, the influence of this amino acid substitution on KHCO3 has not been tested. To test these hypotheses, membrane-inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) was used to measure the KHCO3 of the photosynthetic PEPc from the C4Flaveria trinervia and the non-photosynthetic PEPc from the C3 F. pringlei. The cDNAs for these enzymes were overexpressed and purified from the PEPc-less PCR1 Escherichia coli strain. Our work in comparison with previous reports suggests that KHCO3 and KPEP are linked by specific amino acids, such as S774; however, these kinetic parameters respond differently to the tested allosteric regulators, malate and glucose-6-phosphate.

Journal of Experimental Botany published new progress about Carboxylation. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Colin, Camille published the artcileSingle-particle tracking method in fluorescence microscopy to monitor bioenergetic responses of individual mitochondria, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is single particle tracking mitochondrial permeability transition pore fluorescence microscopy; Bioenergetics; Fiji software; Fluorescence microscopy; Membrane potential; Mitochondria; Single organelle; Single particle tracking; TrackMate.

The spectroscopic methods commonly used to study mitochondria bioenergetics do not show the diversity of responses within a population of mitochondria (isolated or in a cell), and/or cannot measure individual dynamics. New methodol. developments are necessary in order to improve quant. and kinetic resolutions and eventually gain further insights on individual mitochondrial responses, such as studying activities of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). The work reported herein is devoted to study responses of single mitochondria within a large population after isolation from cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria were preloaded with a commonly used membrane potential sensitive dye (TMRM), they are then deposited on a plasma-treated glass coverslip and subsequently energized or inhibited by additions of usual bioenergetics effectors. Responses were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy over few thousands of mitochondria simultaneously with a single organelle resolution We report an automatic method to analyze each image of time-lapse stacks based on the TrackMate-ImageJ plug-in and specially made Python scripts. Images are processed to eliminate defects of illumination inhomogeneity, improving by at least two orders of magnitude the signal/noise ratio. This method enables us to follow the track of each mitochondrion within the observed field and monitor its fluorescence changes, with a time resolution of 400 ms, uninterrupted over the course of the experiment Such methodol. improvement is a prerequisite to further study the role of mPTP in single mitochondria during calcium transient loading.

Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about Cardiomyocyte. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yu, Peng published the artcileTemperature dependence of mitoflash biogenesis in cardiac mitochondria, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is mitochondrial mitoflash cardiomyocyte temperature.

Mitochondrial flashes represent fundamental biochem. and biophys. dynamics of the organelle, involving sudden depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), bursting production of ROS, and accelerated extrusion of matrix protons. Here we investigated temperature dependence of mitoflash biogenesis as well as ΔΨm oscillations, a subset of which overlapping with mitoflashes, in both cardiac myocytes and cardiac mitochondria. Unexpectedly, we found that mitoflash biogenesis was essentially temperature-independent in intact cardiac myocytes, evidenced by the constancy of frequency as well as amplitude and rise speed over 5°C-40°C. Moderate temperature dependence was found in single mitochondria charged by respiratory substrates, where mitoflash frequency was decreased over 5°C-20°C with Q10 of 0.74 for Complex I substrates and 0.83 for Complex II substrate. In contrast, ΔΨm oscillation frequency displayed a neg. temperature dependence at 5°C-20°C with Q10 of 0.82 in intact cells, but a pos. temperature dependence at 25°C – 40°C with Q10 of 1.62 in isolated mitochondria charged with either Complex I or Complex II substrates. These results suggest a temperature compensation of mitoflash frequency at both the mitochondrial and extra-organelle levels, and underscore that mitoflashes and ΔΨm oscillations are related but distinctly different mitochondrial functional dynamics.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics published new progress about Cardiomyocyte. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Qing published the artcileCircular RNA MAT2B Promotes Glycolysis and Malignancy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through the miR-338-3p/PKM2 Axis Under Hypoxic Stress, SDS of cas: 97-67-6, the main research area is RNA MATB glycolysis malignancy hepatocellular carcinoma PKM prognosis stress.

Glucose metabolism reprogramming, which is a well-established characteristic of multiple cancers, demands a higher rate of glycolysis to meet the increasing demands for macromol. synthesis and to maintain rapid proliferation in a hypoxic environment. However, the mechanism underlying this switch remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the function of circular RNA MAT2B (circMAT2B) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) glucose metabolism reprogramming and malignancy. CircMAT2B was identified by bioinformatics anal. of Gene Expression Omnibus data sets. CircMAT2B expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. HCC patients with high circMAT2B expression had shortened overall survival. We analyzed the pos. correlation between glycolysis and circMAT2B expression in HCC using a maximum standardized uptake value determined by preoperative positron emission tomog./computed tomog. scanning combined with high-performance liquid chromatog. assessment of the metabolites of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. The effect of circMAT2B on glycolysis was validated in vitro and in vivo under hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. Functional assays were performed in HCC cells, HCC organoids, and nude mice to explore the tumor-promoting roles of circMAT2B in HCC. Biotin-coupled probe pull-down assays, biotin-coupled microRNA capture, luciferase reporter assays, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to confirm the interaction among different RNAs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circMAT2B up-regulated expression levels of the microRNA (miR)-338-3p target gene PKM2, which encodes a key enzyme in the process of glycolysis, through “”sponging”” miR-338-3p; thus, glycolysis and HCC progression are promoted through this mechanism. Conclusion: CircMAT2B promoted HCC progression by enhanced glycolysis by activating the circMAT2B/miR-338-3p/PKM2 axis under hypoxia, which may provide a therapeutic target for HCC.

Hepatology (Hoboken, NJ, United States) published new progress about Cell invasion. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, SDS of cas: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

De Marco, Federica published the artcileInvolvement of SUT1 and SUT2 sugar transporters in the impairment of sugar transport and changes in phloem exudate contents in phytoplasma-infected plants, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is Candidatus SUT1 SUT2 phytoplasma infected plant; carbon allocation; defense; glycolate; glyoxylate; metabolome; peroxisome; phloem; photorespiration; phytoplasma; plant-pathogen interaction; source-sink relationships; sugar metabolism.

Phytoplasmas inhabit phloem sieve elements and cause abnormal growth and altered sugar partitioning. However, how they interact with phloem functions is not clearly known. The phloem responses were investigated in tomatoes infected by “”Candidatus Phytoplasma solani”” at the beginning of the symptomatic stage, the first symptoms appearing in the newly emerged leaf at the stem apex. Antisense lines impaired in the phloem sucrose transporters SUT1 and SUT2 were included. In symptomatic sink leaves, leaf curling was associated with higher starch accumulation and the expression of defense genes. The anal. of leaf midribs of symptomatic leaves indicated that transcript levels for genes acting in the glycolysis and peroxisome metabolism differed from these in noninfected plants. The phytoplasma also multiplied in the three lower source leaves, even if it was not associated with the symptoms. In these leaves, the rate of phloem sucrose exudation was lower for infected plants. Metabolite profiling of phloem sap-enriched exudates revealed that glycolate and aspartate levels were affected by the infection. Their levels were also affected in the noninfected SUT1- and SUT2-antisense lines. The findings suggest the role of sugar transporters in the responses to infection and describe the consequences of impaired sugar transport on the primary metabolism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Cell membrane. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gibbs, Jonathan L. published the artcileDiesel exhaust particle exposure compromises alveolar macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is diesel exhaust particle exposure alveolar macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics; ceramides; diesel exhaust; inflammation; mitochondria.

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are known pathogenic pollutants that constitute a significant quantity of air pollution. Given the ubiquitous presence of macrophages throughout the body, including the lungs, as well as their critical role in tissue and organismal metabolic function, we sought to determine the effect of DEP exposure on macrophage mitochondrial function. Following daily DEP exposure in mice, pulmonary macrophages were isolated for mitochondrial analyses, revealing reduced respiration rates and dramatically elevated H2O2 levels. Serum ceramides and inflammatory cytokines were increased. To determine the degree to which the changes in mitochondrial function in macrophages were not dependent on any cross-cell communication, primary pulmonary murine macrophages were used to replicate the DEP exposure in a cell culture model. We observed similar changes as seen in pulmonary macrophages, namely diminished mitochondrial respiration, but increased H2O2 production Interestingly, when treated with myriocin to inhibit ceramide biosynthesis, these DEP-induced mitochondrial changes were mitigated. Altogether, these data suggest that DEP exposure may compromise macrophage mitochondrial and whole-body function via pathol. alterations in macrophage ceramide metabolism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Air pollution. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dominiak, Karolina published the artcileThe relationship between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial energetics in rat tissues with different contents of reduced coenzyme Q, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is coenzyme Q mitochondrial reactive oxygen species energetic tissue; coenzyme Q; mitochondrial energetics; mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.

We investigated the relationship between mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial energetics in various rat tissues with different contents of the reduced coenzyme Q (Q) pool (Q9 + Q10). Our results indicate that similar to the tissue level, mitochondrial H2O2 release under nonphosphorylating conditions was strongly dependent on the amount of the reduced Q pool. Namely, in brain and lung mitochondria, less H2O2 release corresponded to a less reduced Q pool, while in liver and heart mitochondria, higher H2O2 release corresponded to a more reduced Q pool. We can conclude that the differences observed in rat tissues in the size of the reduced Q pool reflect different levels of ROS production and hence may reflect different demands for reduced Q as an antioxidant. Moreover, differences in mitochondrial H2O2 release were observed in different types of rat mitochondria during the oxidation of succinate (complex II substrate), malate plus glutamate (complex I substrate), and their mixture under phosphorylating and nonphosphorylating conditions. Our results indicate the existence of a tissue-specific maximum respiratory chain capacity in ROS production, possibly related to the membrane potential-mediated control of oxidative phosphorylation. We propose the use of a new parameter for the study of isolated mitochondria, RCRROS, the ratio between the formation of mitochondrial ROS under nonphosphorylating and phosphorylating conditions, which represents the maximum factorial increase in mitochondrial ROS formation that can be achieved after all ADP is phosphorylated.

Antioxidants published new progress about Animal tissue. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bisbach, Celia M. published the artcileMonocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) mediates succinate export in the retina, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is succinate monocarboxylate transporter retina.

Succinate is exported by the retina and imported by eyecup tissue. The transporters mediating this process have not yet been identified. Recent studies showed that monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) can transport succinate across plasma membranes in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) both express multiple MCT isoforms including MCT1. We tested the hypothesis that MCTs facilitate retinal succinate export and RPE succinate import. We assessed retinal succinate export and eyecup succinate import in short-term ex vivo culture using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. We tested the dependence of succinate export and import on pH, proton ionophores, conventional MCT substrates, and the MCT inhibitors AZD3965, AR-C155858, and diclofenac. Succinate exits retinal tissue through MCT1 but does not enter the RPE through MCT1 or any other MCT. Intracellular succinate levels are a contributing factor that determines if an MCT1-expressing tissue will export succinate. MCT1 facilitates export of succinate from retinas. An unidentified, non-MCT transporter facilitates import of succinate into RPE.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science published new progress about Animal tissue. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts