Category: 70539-42-3

Shoshan-Barmatz, Varda published the artcileCrosslinking of the ryanodine receptor/Ca²⁺ release channel from skeletal muscle, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biomembranes (1995), 1237(2), 151-61, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The relationship between the tetrameric organization of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) and its activity in binding of ryanodine was approached through crosslinking studies using several bifunctional reagents, differing in their linear dimensions and flexibility, as well as in the reactivity of the active groups. Crosslinking with: 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DFDNB); di(fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfone (DFNPS), 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide (EDC); di-Me suberimidate (DMS); ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS); and glutaraldehyde resulted in the disappearance of the, 470 kDa, RyR monomer protein band with concomitant appearance of addnl. bands of mol. masses higher than the monomer. At the relatively low concentrations of the reagents and the conditions used, RyR is the only cross-linked protein of SR membranes. The ‘new’ protein bands cross-react with antibodies against the RyR and correspond to dimers and tetramers of the RyR subunits while trimers were not detectable. DFDNB and DFNPS produced also a 560 kDa protein band which probably represents an intramol. cross-linked monomer. The SDS-electrophoretic patterns of the cross-linked purified RyR resemble those of the membrane-bound receptor. Ryanodine binding to the high-affinity site was inhibited by modification of SR membranes with DFDNB and DFNPS, but not with DMS, EDC, EGS and glutaraldehyde, although RyR was completely cross-linked. The inhibition by DFDNB and DFNPS is due to modification of a specific lysyl residue which is also involved in the control of Ca²⁺ release. On the other hand, cross linking of the RyR with glutaraldehyde or EGS resulted in inhibition of ryanodine binding to the low-affinity, but not to the high-affinity binding sites. Thus, the crosslinking of two or more sites in each monomer (which lead to fixation of dimers or tetramers) did not prevent the conformational changes involved in the binding and occlusion of ryanodine at the high-affinity site, but inhibited its binding to the low-affinity sites.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biomembranes published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C8H10BNO3, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cheng, Ming published the artcileSulfo-SADP (sulfosuccinimidyl[4-azidophenyldithio]propionate) an active site directed reagent inhibiting the NADPH dependent O₂^– generation of leukocyte cytochrome b₅₅₈, COA of Formula: C18H20N2O12, the publication is Journal of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (2002), 6(3), 177-184, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Functional reagents known to bring about the formation of a distinct membrane mol. complex of the subunits of cytochrome b₅₅₈ (gp 91^phox and p22^phox) were investigated for their influence on the O₂^– generating capability of liposome incorporated cytochrome b₅₅₈ preparations One, ethyleneglycolbis[sulfo-succinimidylsuccinate], (sulfo-EGS) was found to inhibit O₂^– generation at concentrations which are known to result in crosslinking the two subunits of cytochrome b₅₅₈. Sulfosuccinimidyl [4-azidophenyldithio]propionate, (sulfo-SADP) on the other hand, was found to be a powerful inhibitor of the cytochrome b₅₅₈ dependent O₂^– production at concentrations not able to result in cross linking of the two subunits. Sulfo-SADP inhibits the cytochrome b₅₅₈ O₂^– production 50% at 25 μM, while sulfo-EGS requires 400 μM. For these reagents, the succinimidyl group of sulfo-SADP and sulfo-EGS is the reactive group, which inhibit irreversibly, cytochrome b₅₅₈ generation of O₂^–. Both sulfo-SADP and sulfo-EGS have similar linker arms of 13.9 and 16.1 Å, resp. The difference, accounting for the strong inhibitory profile for sulfo-SADP as compared with sulfo-EGS, resides in the aryl group associated with the sulfo-SADP. The aryl group of sulfo-SADP has been found to be important in directing the specificity of the probe in its inhibition of O₂^– generation. When the disulfide bond linking the aromatic portion of the probe to the succinimidyl ring is cleaved by DTT (dithiothreitol), the product loses its specificity and has an inhibitory activity with respect to O₂^– generation comparable to that of sulfo-EGS. The partial protection against the inhibitory influence of sulfo-SADP by NADP⁺ indicates that the reagent may interact at the pyridine nucleotide-binding domain of cytochrome b₅₅₈. Its low inhibitory titer and its water solubility suggest that sulfo-SADP reacts with a specific amine (the primary reactant for the succinimidyl group) on cytochrome b₅₅₈.

Journal of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, COA of Formula: C18H20N2O12.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Drees, Becky L. published the artcileThe GCN4 leucine zipper can functionally substitute for the heat shock transcription factor’s trimerization domain, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of Molecular Biology (1997), 273(1), 61-74, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is the only known sequence-specific, homotrimeric DNA-binding protein. HSF binds to a DNA recognition site called a heat shock element (HSE), which contains varying numbers of nGAAn units (“GAA boxes”) arranged in inverted repeats. To investigate the role of trimerization on HSF’s DNA-binding properties, the authors replaced the trimerization domain, which self-assembles to form a three-stranded α-helical coiled coil, with the GCN4 leucine zipper, which forms a two-stranded α-helical coiled coil. Surprisingly, this substitution did not effect the ability of HSF to function in vivo. Biochem. studies of an HSF-leucine zipper chimera in comparison to an HSF truncation show that the HSF-leucine zipper chimera, though dimeric in solution and dimeric when bound to a two-box HSE, forms a trimeric complex when bound to a three-box HSE. The ability to form trimers depends on the presence of three contiguous GAA boxes present in inverted repeats. The proximity of the leucine zippers due to the orientation of the binding sites suggests that the leucine zippers might be forming a three-stranded coiled coil and several experiments lend support to this model. The ability of the leucine zipper to change oligomeric states in context might explain why the leucine zipper can replace the trimerization domain of HSF in vivo.

Journal of Molecular Biology published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Segnitz, Bernd published the artcileSubunit structure of the nonactivated human estrogen receptor, COA of Formula: C18H20N2O12, the publication is Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (1995), 92(6), 2179-83, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The nonactivated estrogen receptor of human MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells was investigated with respect to stoichiometry of protein subunits. The native receptor complex stabilized by molybdate had a mol. mass of ≈300 kDa. Chem. crosslinking with several bifunctional reagents resulted in complete stabilization of the same receptor form of ≈300 kDa and was achieved both in cell extracts and in intact cells. Incubation of the cross-linked receptor with a receptor-specific monoclonal IgG1 antibody increased the mol. mass by ≈135 kDa-i.e., no more than one Ig mol. bound to the complex. Partial and progressive crosslinking of affinity-labeled receptors revealed patterns of labeled bands upon denaturing gel electrophoresis indicative of a heteromeric structure. The completely cross-linked receptor was purified to homogeneity and analyzed for protein components. In addition to the receptor polypeptide of ≈65 kDa, the authors detected the heat shock proteins hsp90 and p59; the hsp90 band was roughly twice as intense as the p59 band. The heat shock protein hsp70 and the 40-kDa cyclophilin were not detected as components of the highly purified cross-linked receptor of ≈300 kDa. The authors suggest a heterotetrameric structure consisting of one receptor polypeptide, two hsp90 mols., and one p59 subunit, for which the mol. mass adds up to ≈300 kDa. Thus, the nonactivated estrogen receptor has a mol. architecture homologous to those of glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors, even though phylogenetically the estrogen receptor gene forms a distinct subgroup within the gene family of nuclear hormone receptors.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C12H6NNaO4, COA of Formula: C18H20N2O12.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chen, Xiaoyu published the artcileA high throughput dimer screening assay for monoclonal antibodies using chemical cross-linking and microchip electrophoresis, Computed Properties of 70539-42-3, the publication is Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences (2009), 877(27), 3012-3018, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A high throughput screening assay was developed to determine the total dimer level in antibody samples. This method utilizes high speed microchip electrophoresis separation following chem. crosslinking. Upon reacting with homobifunctional N-hydroxysuccinimide-esters (NHS-esters), covalent linkages can be established between the primary amines of two neighboring antibody mols. The reaction conditions are optimized to achieve quant. crosslinking of only phys. associated monomers within an antibody dimer. The resulting crosslinked dimers, originating from either covalent or non-covalent antibody dimers, can then be separated from monomers by SDS electrophoresis. A com. microchip electrophoresis instrument is used for high speed separation, allowing each sample to be analyzed in about 1 min. This approach was applied to crude mammalian cell culture samples. Using a 96-well gel filtration spin column format, interfering species in the cell culture media were efficiently removed from the samples. This method is well suited to the purpose of high throughput antibody dimer quantitation during cell culture expression, including clone selection and cell culture development. The total dimer content, both covalent and non-covalent, can be determined for hundreds of crude samples in a few hours. The effects of different crosslinking conditions on the determined dimer levels, as well as of different antibody pI values, are discussed.

Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Computed Properties of 70539-42-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ding, Yue-He published the artcileIncreasing the Depth of Mass-Spectrometry-Based Structural Analysis of Protein Complexes through the Use of Multiple Cross-Linkers, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) (2016), 88(8), 4461-4469, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Chem. crosslinking of proteins coupled with mass spectrometry (CXMS) is a powerful tool to study protein folding and to map the interfaces between interacting proteins. The most commonly used cross-linkers in CXMS are BS³ and DSS, which have similar structures and generate the same linkages between pairs of lysine residues in spatial proximity. However, there are cases where no cross-linkable lysine pairs are present at certain regions of a protein or at the interface of two interacting proteins. In order to find the cross-linkers that can best complement the performance of BS³ and DSS, we tested seven addnl. cross-linkers that either have different spacer arm structures or that target different amino acids (BS²G, EGS, AMAS, GMBS, Sulfo-GMBS, EDC, and TFCS). Using BSA, aldolase, the yeast H/ACA protein complex, and E. coli 70S ribosomes, we showed that, in terms of providing structural information not obtained through the use of BS³ and DSS, EGS and Sulfo-GMBS worked better than the other cross-linkers that we tested. EGS generated a large number of cross-links not seen with the other amine-specific cross-linkers, possibly due to its hydrophilic spacer arm. We demonstrate that incorporating the cross-links contributed by the EGS and amine-sulfhydryl cross-linkers greatly increased the accuracy of Rosetta in docking the structure of the yeast H/ACA protein complex. Given the improved depth of useful information it can provide, we suggest that the multilinker CXMS approach should be used routinely when the amount of a sample permits.

Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Murphy, Ann published the artcileChemically stabilized trypsin used in dipeptide synthesis, Application In Synthesis of 70539-42-3, the publication is Biotechnology and Bioengineering (1998), 58(4), 364-373, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Bovine pancreatic trypsin was treated with ethylene glycol bis(succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester), such that approx. 8 out of 14 lysines per trypsin mol. were modified. This derivative (EG trypsin) was more stable than native between 30° and 70°: T₅₀ values were 59° and 46°, resp. EG trypsin’s half-life of 25 min at 55° was fivefold greater than native’s. EG trypsin had a decreased rate of autolysis and retained more activity in aqueous mixtures of 1,4-dioxan, DMF, dimethylsulfoxide, and acetonitrile. EG trypsin had lower K_m values for both amide and ester substrates; its k_cat values for two amides (PhCO-Arg-NHC₆H₄NO₂-4 and Cbz-Gly-Gly-Arg-NMC; NMC = 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin) increased, whereas its k_cat value for an ester (Cbz-Lys-SCOPh) decreased slightly. The specific activity (k_cat/K_m) of EG trypsin was increased for both amide and ester substrates. EG trypsin gave higher yields and reaction rates than the native trypsin in kinetically controlled synthesis of PhCO-Arg-Leu-NH₂ in acetonitrile and in t-butanol. Highest peptide yields occurred with EG trypsin in 95% acetonitrile, where 90% of the substrate was converted to product. No peptide synthesis occurred in 95% DMF with either form of trypsin.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Application In Synthesis of 70539-42-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

O’Brien, Anne Marie published the artcileChemical stabilization of recombinant horseradish peroxidase, Product Details of C18H20N2O12, the publication is Biotechnology Techniques (1996), 10(12), 905-910, database is CAplus.

Unglycosylated recombinant horseradish peroxidase (HRP C°) had a half life of 21 min at 65° compared with only 5 min for the plant enzyme (HRP). The half life of HRP C^* at 65° increased by 5-fold following modification with ethylene glycol bis(succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester). Tolerance to 60% 1,4-dioxan also increased while tolerance to 30% DMF was unchanged.

Biotechnology Techniques published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Product Details of C18H20N2O12.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gestin, J. F. published the artcileIntroduction of five potentially metabolizable linking groups between ¹¹¹In-cyclohexyl EDTA derivatives and F(ab’)₂ fragments of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody–I. A new reproducible synthetic method, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Nuclear Medicine and Biology (1993), 20(6), 755-62, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The purpose of this study was to synthesize new bifunctional linker-chelating agents for the modification of the in vivo distribution of ¹¹¹In-labeled antibodies. A general simple synthetic method of preparing cyclohexyl EDTA (CDTA) derivatives containing a linker/spacer group is described. Linkers prepared included a diester, a six carbon aliphatic chain, two thioethers and a disulfide group. The CDTA-linker compounds were coupled to F(Ab’)₂ fragments of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody and labeled with ¹¹¹In with good retention of immunoreactivity.

Nuclear Medicine and Biology published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Freichel, Tanja published the artcileToward orthogonal preparation of sequence-defined monodisperse hetero-multivalent glyco-macromolecules on solid support using Staudinger ligation and copper-catalyzed click reactions, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2017), 82(18), 9400-9409, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The investigation of hetero-multivalent interactions of complex glyco-ligands and proteins is critical for understanding important biol. processes and developing carbohydrate-based pharmaceutics. Synthetic glycomimetics, derived by mimicking complex glyco-ligands on a variety of scaffolds, have become important tools for studying the role of carbohydrates in chem. and biol. In this paper, we report on a new synthetic strategy for the preparation of mono-disperse, sequence-defined glyco-oligomers or so-called precision glyco-macromols. based on solid phase oligomer synthesis and the Staudinger ligation. This strategy employs a solid-supported synthetic approach using a novel carboxy-functionalized building block which bears a functional handle required for Staudinger ligation on solid support. Furthermore, we combined Staudinger ligation and copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions to synthesize hetero-multivalent glyco-oligomers on solid support for the first time, demonstrating the utility of this approach for the synthesis of hetero-functional glyco-macromols.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts