Category: 70539-42-3

Myers, Richard A. published the artcileα-Conotoxins, small peptide probes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, Application In Synthesis of 70539-42-3, the publication is Biochemistry (1991), 30(38), 9370-7, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

α-Conotoxins, a family of small peptides from the venoms of the Conus marine molluscs, are selective, snake α-neurotoxin-competitive antagonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. A new α-conotoxin, SIA, has been purified, sequenced, and synthesized. Crosslinking with bivalent reagents and photoaffinity labeling of the acetylcholine receptor with α-conotoxin yield covalent adducts. Surprisingly, crosslinking to other subunits is considerably more efficient than to the α subunit. The relative efficiency of photoactivatable crosslinking to different subunits of the receptor is a function of placement of the photoactivatable group on the toxin. Since the structures of α-conotoxins can be solved by 2D NMR (Pardi, A. et al., 1989 and Kobayashi, Y. et al., 1989) this family of toxins should provide a set of new ligands for probing the acetylcholine receptor with considerable precision.

Biochemistry published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Application In Synthesis of 70539-42-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sinnett-Smith, James published the artcileCharacterization of a bombesin receptor on Swiss mouse 3T3 cells by affinity cross-linking, Quality Control of 70539-42-3, the publication is Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (1988), 38(4), 237-49, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A cell surface protein in Swiss 3T3 cells of apparent M_r 75,000-85,000 was identified previously by chem. crosslinking as a major component of the receptor for peptides of the bombesin family in these cells. Because bombesin-like peptides may interact with other cell surface mols., it was important to establish the correlation between receptor binding and functions of this complex and further characterize the M_r 75,000-85,000 cross-linked protein. Detailed time courses carried out at different temperatures demonstrated that the M_r 75,000-85,000 affinity-labeled band was the earliest cross-linked complex detected in Swiss 3T3 cells incubated with ¹²⁵I-labeled gastrin-releasing peptide (¹²⁵I-GRP). Furthermore, the ability of various nonradioactive bombesin agonists and antagonists to block the formation of the M_r 75,000-85,000 cross-linked complex correlated extremely well (r = 0.994) with the relative capacity of these peptides to inhibit ¹²⁵I-GRP specific binding. Pretreatment with unlabeled GRP for up to 6 h caused only a slight decrease in both specific ¹²⁵I-GRP binding and the affinity labeling of the M_r 75,000-85,000 protein. The cross-linked complex is a glycoprotein. First, solubilized affinity labeled M_r 75,000-85,000 complex applied to wheat germ lectin-Sepharose columns was eluted by addition of 0.3M N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Second, treatment with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase F reduced the apparent mol. weight of the affinity-labeled band from 75,000-85,000 to 43,000, indicating the presence of N-linked oligosaccharide groups.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C8H14O2, Quality Control of 70539-42-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ma, Xiuguang published the artcileThe Drosophila morphogenetic protein Bicoid binds DNA cooperatively, Formula: C18H20N2O12, the publication is Development (Cambridge, United Kingdom) (1996), 122(4), 1195-206, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The Drosophila morphogenetic protein Bicoid, encoded by the maternal gene bicoid, is required for the development of the anterior structures in the embryo. Bicoid, a transcriptional activator containing a homeodomain, is distributed in an anterior-to-posterior gradient in the embryo. In response to this gradient, the zygotic gene hunchback is expressed uniformly in the anterior half of the embryo in a nearly all-or-none manner. In this report we demonstrate that a recombinant Bicoid protein binds cooperatively to its sites within a hunchback enhancer element. A less than 4-fold increase in Bicoid concentration is sufficient to achieve an unbound/bound transition in DNA binding. Using various biochem. and genetic methods we further demonstrate that Bicoid mols. can interact with each other. Our results are consistent with previous studies performed in the embryo, and they suggest that one mechanism to achieve a sharp on/off switch of gene expression in response to a morphogenetic gradient is cooperative DNA binding facilitated by protein-protein interaction.

Development (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Formula: C18H20N2O12.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Matsumori, Nobuaki published the artcileAmphotericin B Covalent Dimers Forming Sterol-Dependent Ion-Permeable Membrane Channels, Name: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2002), 124(16), 4180-4181, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Polyenemacrolides such as amphotericin B (AmB) are thought to assemble together and form an ion channel across plasma membranes. Their antimicrobial activity has been attributed to this assemblage, whose stability and activity are dependent on sterol constituents of lipid bilayer membranes. The structure of this channel-like assemblage formed in biomembranes has been the target of extensive investigations for a long time. As the first step toward this goal, we prepared several AmB dimers with various linkers and tested their channel-forming activity. Among these, AmB dimers that bore an aminoalkyl-dicarboxylate tether covalently linked between amino groups of AmB showed potent hemolytic activity. Furthermore, K⁺ influx actions monitored by measuring the pH of the liposome lumen by ³¹P NMR revealed that the dimers formed a mol. assemblage similar to that of AmB in phospholipid membrane. Judging from changes in ³¹P NMR spectra, the dimers appeared to induce “all-or-none”-type ion flux across the liposome membrane in the presence of ergosterol, which suggests that the ion channel formed by ergosterol/dimer is similar to that of AmB. On the basis of this data, we are now trying to elucidate the structure of the ion-channel complex by making the labeled conjugates of AmB for NMR measurements.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Name: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Juan published the artcileRegulation of pyruvate carboxylase in 3T3-L1 cells, COA of Formula: C18H20N2O12, the publication is Biochemical Journal (1995), 306(1), 205-10, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

When 3T3-L1 fibroblasts differentiate to adipocytes, the specific activity of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) increases about 25-fold in parallel with its intracellular protein concentration The increase in PC protein concentration is accompanied by a 9-10-fold increase in the relative abundance of 4.2 kb PC mRNA measured by Northern-blot anal. using a cDNA probe encoding a segment of the PC gene of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The effects of cAMP alone and together with insulin on levels of cellular protein, PC activity, PC protein and on the relative abundance of PC mRNA were examined in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocytes exposed to cAMP for 24 h exhibited a 25% decrease in cellular protein and marked decreases in enzyme activity (88%) and PC mRNA abundance (98%) compared with untreated adipocyte controls. After 48 h of exposure to cAMP, PC activity and PC mRNA diminished to levels approaching their detection limits. When exposed to medium containing cAMP plus insulin, adipocyte enzyme activity and PC mRNA declined more slowly during the first 24 h exposure (about 20% decrease) but after 48 h fell to values comparable with those of adipocytes exposed to cAMP alone. Despite these decreases in enzyme activity, the PC protein content of adipocytes treated with cAMP alone or cAMP plus insulin are nearly identical with that of control adipocytes. The inactivation of PC in cAMP-treated adipocytes does not involve loss of the prosthetic groups from the holoenzyme. Crosslinking experiments suggest that the spatial arrangement of protomers in inactive PC may differ from that in the active tetrameric enzyme. Data presented suggest that, in addition to inducing inactivation, cAMP may also regulate adipocyte PC by decreasing transcription of the PC gene and/or enhancing the rate of degradation of PC mRNA.

Biochemical Journal published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C6H9N3O2S, COA of Formula: C18H20N2O12.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ebner, A. published the artcileFunctionalization of AFM Tips and supports for molecular recognition force spectroscopy and recognition imaging, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) (2019), 117-151, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Linking of sensor mols. (e.g., antibodies) to an AFM tip converts it into a biosensor by which single target mols. (e.g., antigens) can be detected and localized on the sample surface. Moreover, the mechanism of interaction can be studied by force spectroscopy if purified target mols. are linked to an ultra-flat surface, such as mica or silicon (nitride). Rapid imaging of the binding sites and force spectroscopy studies are greatly facilitated if 6-10 nm long polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains are used as flexible tethers between the sensor mol. and the tip. Here, we describe a set of methods by which a variety of proteins, oligonucleotides, or small mols. can be tethered to silicon (nitride) tips or to mica. Methods are included which afford site-specific and oriented coupling of the sensor mols.

Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shugars, Diane C. published the artcileBiophysical characterization of recombinant proteins expressing the leucine zipper-like domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane protein gp41, Synthetic Route of 70539-42-3, the publication is Journal of Virology (1996), 70(5), 2982-91, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Envelope oligomerization is thought to serve crucial functions during the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We recently reported that virus entry requires coiled-coil formation of the leucine zipper-like domain of the HIV-1 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp41. To determine the oligomeric state mediated by this region of the envelope, we have expressed the zipper motif as a fusion partner with the monomeric maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli. The biophys. properties of this protein were characterized by velocity and equilibrium sedimentation, size exclusion chromatog., light scattering, and chem. crosslinking analyses. Results indicate that the leucine zipper sequence from HIV-1 is capable of multimerizing much larger and otherwise monomeric proteins into extremely stable tetramers. Recombinant proteins containing an alanine or a serine substitution at a critical isoleucine residue within the zipper region were also generated and similarly analyzed. The alanine- and serine-substituted proteins behaved as tetrameric and monomeric species, resp., consistent with the influence of these same substitutions on the helical coiled-coil structure of synthetic peptide models. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the fusogenic gp41 structure involves tetramerization of the leucine zipper domain which is situated ∼30 residues from the N-terminal fusion peptide sequence.

Journal of Virology published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H12FN, Synthetic Route of 70539-42-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Norcum, Mona T. published the artcileStructural analysis of the multienzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex: a three-domain model based on reversible chemical crosslinking, Formula: C18H20N2O12, the publication is Protein Science (1998), 7(1), 79-87, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A subset of eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (a-RS) are contained in a multienzyme complex for which little structural detail is known. Three reversible chem. crosslinking reagents have been used to investigate the arrangement of polypeptides within this particle as isolated from rabbit reticulocytes. Identification of the crosslinked protein pairs was accomplished by two-dimensional SDS diagonal gel electrophoresis. Seventeen neighboring protein pairs have been identified. Eight are seen with at least two reagents: K-RS:p38, D-RS:K-RS, R-RS dimer, K-RS dimer, K-RS:Q-RS, E/P-RS:K-RS, E/P-RS:I-RS, and Q-RS with one of the nonsynthetase proteins. Nine more are observed with one reagent: D-RS dimer, R-RS:p43, D-RS:Q-RS, D-RS:M-RS, K-RS:L-RS, I-RS:R-RS, D-RS:E/P-RS, I-RS:Q-RS, I-RS:L-RS. One trimeric association is seen: E/P-RS:I-RS:L-RS. The observed neighboring protein pairs suggest that the polypeptides within the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex are distributed in three structural domains of similar mass. These can be arranged in a U-shaped particle in which each “arm” is considered a domain and the third forms the “base” of the structure. The arms have been termed domain I (D-RS, M-RS, Q-RS) and domain II (K-RS, R-RS), with domain III (E/P-RS, I-RS, L-RS) assigned to the base. The smaller proteins (p38, p43) may bridge the domains. This proposed spatial relationship of these domains, as well as their compositions, are consistent with earlier studies. Thus, this study provides an initial three-dimensional working model of the arrangement of polypeptides within the multienzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex.

Protein Science published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Formula: C18H20N2O12.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Herzig, Maryanne C. S. published the artcileSynthesis and characterization of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester chemical affinity derivatives of asialoorosomucoid that covalently crosslink to galactosyl receptors on isolated rat hepatocytes, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Biochemistry (1989), 28(2), 600-10, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) was derivatized with 5 homobifunctional N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester crosslinkers. NHS/ASOR derivatives were synthesized, purified, and applied within 10 min to isolated rat hepatocytes at 4°. Specific binding of these ^125I-labeled derivatives was ∼90% in the presence of either EGTA or excess ASOR. Specific crosslinking, assessed by the resistance of specifically bound NHS/¹²⁵I-ASOR to release by EGTA, was 50-75% of the specifically bound ligand. The extent of specific crosslinking correlated with the average number of NHS groups per ASOR and was controlled by varying the molar ratio of crosslinker to ASOR during the synthesis. Crosslinking proceeded rapidly at 4° as a 1st-order process (k = 0.25 min^-1, t_1/2 = 2.8 min). After being crosslinked with any of the NHS/¹²⁵I-ASOR derivatives, cells were washed with EGTA, solubilized in Triton X 100, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiog. Major bands were observed at M_r ≃ 83, 94, and 105 kilodaltons corresponding to the expected size of 1:1 adducts between NHS/ASOR (M_r ≃ 41.3 kilodaltons) and the 3 subunits of the receptor, M_r ≃ 43, 50, and 60 kilodaltons. The 3 subunits, rat hepatic lectin (RHL) 1, 2, and 3, were labeled in the ratio of about 1.0:1.2:1.0, resp. After crosslinking, a polyclonal goat antibody to the receptor immunoprecipitated up to 100% of the specifically crosslinked NHS/¹²⁵I-ASOR. Preimmune IgG immunoprecipitated <1% of the radiolabeled ligand. Cell surface receptors were crosslinked to NHS-ASOR, extracted with Triton X 100, immunoprecipitated with anti-orosomucoid-Sepharose, and subjected to Western blot anal. By use of antisera specific for RHL 1 or RHL 2/3 (from K. Drickamer), crosslinked complexes of M_r ∼85 kilodaltons or ∼90-115 kilodaltons, resp., were detected as were uncrosslinked native subunits. The ratio of free to crosslinked subunits was ∼10:1 for RHL 1 and ∼0.5:1 for RHL 2/3. Apparently, all 3 receptor subunits can crosslink to ligand. A model is proposed in which the native receptor is a heterohexamer composed of 4 subunits of RHL 1 and 2 subunits of RHL 2 and/or RHL 3.

Biochemistry published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Jingyao published the artcileChIA-PET analysis of transcriptional chromatin interactions, Recommanded Product: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, the publication is Methods (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2012), 58(3), 289-299, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Long-range chromatin contacts between specific DNA regulatory elements play a pivotal role in gene expression regulation, and a global characterization of these interactions in the 3-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure is imperative in understanding signaling networks and cell states. Chromatin Interaction Anal. using Paired-End Tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) is a method which converts functional chromatin structure into millions of short tag sequences. Combining Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), proximity ligation and high-throughput sequencing, ChIA-PET provides a global and unbiased interrogation of higher-order chromatin structures associated with specific protein factors. Here, we describe the detailed procedures of the ChIA-PET methodol., unraveling transcription-associated chromatin contacts in a model human cell line.

Methods (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C20H19NO4, Recommanded Product: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts