Category: 59-23-4

Zeng, Ying-Jie published the artcileStructure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from Fusarium solani DO7 by solid-state fermentation, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is fermentation polysaccharide Fusarium solani; Polysaccharides from Fusarium solani DO7; Solid-state fermentation; Structure-activity relationship.

Two polysaccharides, DGS1 and DGS2, were obtained by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Fusarium solani DO7, an endophytic fungus isolated from the orchid Dendrobium officinale. Structural characterizations revealed that DGS1 consisted of arabinose, glucose, mannose and galactose with a molar ratio of 2.9:13.4:3.0:1, resp., and contained (1 → 5)-Araf, (1 → 4)-Glcp, (1 → 6)-Glcp, (1 → 3)-Manp, (1 → 2,6)-Manp and (1 → 6)-Galp glycosidic linkages, while DGS2 was composed of arabinose, glucose, mannose and galactose in a molar ratio of 3.5:8.1:2.1:1, resp., and contained (1 → 5)-Araf, (1 → 4)-Glcp, (1 → 6)-Glcp, (1 → 3)-Manp and (1 → 6)-Galp glycosidic linkages. Neither polysaccharide was toxic to human embryonic kidney cells or mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. An immunomodulatory activity assay indicated that both polysaccharides could significantly enhance the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO by activating TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOs gene expression, resp., especially DGS2. Interestingly, DGS2 also possessed relatively high antioxidant activity. These results illustrate that, due to its cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly features, SSF has significant potential as a com. competitive source of natural products, including fungal polysaccharides, with immunomodulatory activity.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Fusarium solani. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xia, Long published the artcileStructural characterization and anticomplement activity of an acidic polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose from Juniperus tibetica, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Juniperus twig leaf anticomplement agent methyl galactose; Complement inhibitor; Juniperus tibetica Kom.; Polysaccharide.

A water-soluble acidic polysaccharide containing 3-O-Me galactose, named YB-PS4, was isolated from the twigs and leaves of Juniperus tibetica Kom. Its structure was characterized by monosaccharide composition anal., methylation, and NMR spectroscopy. It was concluded that YB-PS4 had a backbone composed of (2,4)-a-Rhap-(1, 3,5)-a-Araf-(1, 2,4)-a-Galp-(1 and 4)-a-GalpA-(1, with branches of 2)-a-Rhap-(1,3)-a-Araf-(1 and 2)-3-O-Me-a-Galp-(1). The possible repetitive units were speculated and further analyzed by oligosaccharide anal. YB-PS4 showed inhibitory effects on complement activation through the classical pathway (CH50 = 94.23 ± 8.90 mug/mL) and alternative pathway (AP50 = 194.76 ± 9.20 mug/mL). Preliminary mechanism study indicated that it interacted with C1q, C2, C3, C4 and C5. These studies pointed a way to understand the active constituents of J. tibetica and provided scientific bases for YB-PS4 as a complement inhibitor.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Genetic linkage. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hu, Zhengyu published the artcileOptimized purification process of polysaccharides from Carex meyeriana Kunth by macroporous resin, its characterization and immunomodulatory activity, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is Carex polysaccharide macroporous resin purification immunomodulation; Carex meyeriana Kunth; Polysaccharides; Purification.

The anal. hierarchy process (AHP) combined with response surface methodol. (RSM) was used to optimize the purification conditions of crude polysaccharides from Carex meyeriana Kunth (CMKP) by macroporous resin. The optimal purification conditions as follows: elution volume of 2.74 BV, flow rate of 1.88 BV/h, and sample concentration of 2.10 mg/mL. Under the optimal conditions, the purification comprehensive score was 63.59 ± 1.56% (n = 3), which was agreed closely to the predicted value (64.02%). Two fractions of polysaccharides (CMKP-1 and CMKP-2) were obtained using a DEAE-52 column. Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy spectra revealed the general characteristic absorption peaks of CMKP-1 and CMKP-2. Congo-red test indicated that CMKP-1 and CMKP-2 have triple helix conformation. CMKP-1 and CMKP-2 were both composed of Man, Rib, Rha, GluA, GalA, Glu, Gal, Xyl, Ara and Fuc in a molar ratio of 8.93:1:4.62:1.41:1.78:10.7:24.69:4.51:15.92:1.27 and 7.85:1:5.05:1.99:3.15:12.47:15.41:1.54:6.91:3.15, resp. The major mol. weight of CMKP-1 and CMKP-2 was 22.30 kDa and 48.10 kDa, resp. Moreover, CMKP-1 and CMKP-2 had immunostimulatory effects on RAW264.7 cells in a certain concentration range. It could be used as potential immunomodulatory agents in medicine or functional food fields.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Carex meyeriana. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

You, Xiu published the artcileIsolation, purification, characterization and immunostimulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus pentosus LZ-R-17 isolated from Tibetan kefir, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is Lactobacillus kefir exopolysaccharide immunostimulation; Exopolysaccharide (EPS); Immunostimulatory activity; Tibetan kefir grains.

In this study, three strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tibetan kefir grains, including two strains of Lactobacillus pentosus LZ-R-17 and L. helveticus LZ-R-5, and one strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LZ-R-12. The ability of three strains to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) was tested, and L. pentosus LZ-R-17 was found to have the highest EPS yield. One EPS (R-17-EPS) was isolated from the fermented milk by L. pentosus LZ-R-17 and purified by DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatog. Furthermore, R-17-EPS preliminary structure and macrophage immunomodulatory activity in vitro were investigated. On the basis of the anal. results of UV-visible spectrum, Fourier transform-IR spectrum, monosaccharide composition anal. and one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR (NMR) spectra, R-17-EPS was found to have an average mol. weight of 1.20 x 106 Da and was composed of galactose and glucose residues with a molar ratio of 1.00:3.15. NMR anal. revealed that the R-17-EPS was a linear hetero-galactoglucan containing repeating units of →2)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→. In addition, R-17-EPS could effectively enhanced the proliferation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide and cytokines production of RAW264.7 cells, suggesting that R-17-EPS had potent immunostimulatory activity and could be explored as immunomodulator in functional food and/or medicine fields.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Cell activation. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Mengjie published the artcileCharacterization and functional analysis of a novel mannose-binding lectin from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is mannose binding lectin antimicrobial activity phylogenetic analysis Portunus review; Antimicrobial activities; Mannose-binding lectin; Pattern recognition receptor; Portunus trituberculatus.

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that plays an important role in the innate immune response. In this study, a novel mannose-binding lectin was cloned from the swimmimg crab Portunus trituberculatus (designated as PtMBL). The complete cDNA of PtMBL gene was 1208 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 732 bp that encoded 244 amino acid proteins. PtMBL shared lower amino acid similarity with other MBLs, yet it contained the conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) with QPD motif and was clearly member of the collectin family. PtMBL transcripts were mainly detected in eyestalk and gill with sexually dimorphic expression. The temporal expression of PtMBL in hemocytes showed different activation times after challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus, Micrococcus luteus and Pichia pastoris. The recombinant PtMBL protein revealed antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-neg. and Gram-pos. bacteria. It could also bind and agglutinate (Ca2+-dependent) both bacteria and yeast. Furthermore, the agglutinating activity could be inhibited by both D-galactose and D-mannose, suggesting the broader pathogen-associated mol. patterns (PAMPs) recognition spectrum of PtMBL. These results together indicate that PtMBL could serve as not only a PRR in immune recognition but also a potential antibacterial protein in the innate immune response of crab.

Fish & Shellfish Immunology published new progress about Cell activation. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yan, Jingmin published the artcileA 3-O-methylated heterogalactan from Pleurotus eryngii activates macrophages, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is Pleurotus heterogalactan macrophage MAPK NFkappaB TLR2 signaling; Heterogalactan; MAPKs; Macrophage; NF-κB; Pleurotus eryngii; TLR2.

Mushroom-derived polysaccharides exhibit various biol. activities owing to their diverse structural features. Here, we purified a 3-O-methylated heterogalactan (WPEP-N-b, Mw 21.4 kDa) from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii. WPEP-N-b is composed primarily of galactose (43.8%), mannose (39.3%), methyl-galactose (11.7%) and glucose (9.2%) residues, with the main chain being composed of α-1,6-linked D-Galp and 3-O-Me-D-Galp, branched at O-2 with single t-β-D-Manp as major the side chain. β-1,6-D-Glcp residues are present as minor components either in side-chains or backbone. WPEP-N-b increases macrophage phagocytosis and secretion of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that WPEP-N-b promotes the degradation of IκB-α, and enhances phosphorylation of MAPKs and the NF-κB p65 subunit. Our results also indicate that this polysaccharide activates RAW264.7 cells via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and the Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2). These results increase our understanding as to how mushroom-derived polysaccharides modulate the immunol. process.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Cell activation. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xie, Fan published the artcileStructural characteristics of tamarind seed polysaccharides treated by high-pressure homogenization and their effects on physicochemical properties of corn starch, Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is tamarind seed corn starch polysaccharide physicochem property; Freeze-thaw stability; Pasting properties; Structural characteristics; Tamarind seed polysaccharides modification.

In this work, structural characteristics of TSPs treated by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and their effects on physicochem. properties of corn starch were analyzed. HPH induced monosaccharides change, Gal/Glc ratio decrease from 0.32 to 0.25, and mol. weight (Mw) decrease from 10.55 to 4.47 x 105 Da through damaging glycosidic linkages in the backbone and side-chain of TSPs. Furthermore, 90 MPa homogenized TSP (higher Gal removal) showed inhibitory effects on starch paste retrogradation, and TSPs with a lower Mw (homogenized at 60 and 90 MPa) could limit water precipitation during the long-term storage. Moreover, Mw and Gal/Glc ratio were the major factors for the determined effects of TSPs on physicochem. properties of corn starch. The results could provide new insights into the relationship between TSP structure and their effects on the physicochem. properties of starch.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Cell morphology. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Berglund, Jennie published the artcileThe structure of galactoglucomannan impacts the degradation under alkaline conditions, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is galactoglucomannan degradation alk hydrolysis sugar mol dynamic simulation.

Galactoglucomannan (GGM) from spruce was studied with respect to the degradation behavior in alk. solution Three reference systems including galactomannan from locust bean gum, glucomannan from konjac and the linear water-soluble CM-cellulose were studied with focus on mol. weight, sugar composition, degradation products, as well as formed oligomers, to identify relative structural changes in GGM. Initially all mannan polysaccharides showed a fast decrease in the mol. weight, which became stable in the later stage. The degradation of the mannan polysaccharides could be described by a function corresponding to the sum of two first order reactions; one slow that was ascribed to peeling, and one fast that was connected with hydrolysis. The galactose side group was stable under conditions used in this study (150 min, 90°C, 0.5 M NaOH). This could suggest that, apart from the covalent connection to C6 in mannose, the galactose substitutions also interact non-covalently with the backbone to stabilize the structure against degradation Addnl., the combination of different backbone sugars seems to affect the stability of the polysaccharides. For CM-cellulose the degradation was linear over time which further suggests that the structure and sugar composition play an important role for the alk. degradation Mol. dynamics simulations gave details about the conformational behavior of GGM oligomers in water solution, as well as interaction between the oligomers and hydroxide ions.

Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) published new progress about Base hydrolysis. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kansandee, Wiratchanee published the artcileCharacterization and Bifidobacterium sp. growth stimulation of exopolysaccharide produced by Enterococcus faecalis EJRM152 isolated from human breast milk, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is Bifidobacterium exopolysaccharide Enterococcus breast milk; Bifidobacterium sp.; Exopolysaccharides; Human breast milk; Prebiotics.

Sixty lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from human breast milk were screened for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production EPS characterization and Bifidobacterium sp. growth support were investigated. The highest EPS-producing isolate was EJRM152 which identified as Enterococcus faecalis (98% similarity) based on the 16S rDNA gene sequence. Product yield coefficient (YEPS/x) and EPS production were 3.68 and 4.32 g/l, resp. Crude EPS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and a Sephacryl S-400 column, and it revealed different mol. weights and molar ratios of glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose and fructose. FT-IR spectroscopy of EPS showed functional groups including hydroxyl and carbonyl. B. animalis TISTR 2194, B. breve TISTR 2130, B. bifidum TISTR 2129, and B. longum TISTR 2195 grew well in media containing EPS, comparing with com. prebiotics. Results suggest that EPS produced by E. faecalis EJRM152 could be a potential candidate prebiotic.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Bifidobacterium. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Yan-xiao published the artcilePreparation, characterization, and prebiotic activity of manno-oligosaccharides produced from cassia gum by a glycoside hydrolase family 134 β-mannanase, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4, the main research area is prebiotic mannooligosaccharide cassia gum mannanase; Cassia gum; Characterization; Manno-oligosaccharides; Prebiotic activity; β-Mannanase.

To produce mannooligosaccharides from cassia gum, a mutated glycoside hydrolase family 134 β-mannanase gene (mRmMan134A) from Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis F518 was expressed in Pichia pastoris and a high expression level (3680 U mL-1) was obtained through high cell d. fermentation mRmMan134A exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.5 and 50°C. It was then subjected to hydrolyze cassia gum with 70.6% of overall yield of mannooligosaccharides. From the hydrolyzate, seven components (F1-F7) were separated and identified as mannose, mannobiose, galactose, mannotriose, mannotetraose, 61-α-D-galactosyl-β-D-mannobiose, and mannopentaose, resp. According to in vitro fermentation, the mannooligosaccharides were able to promote the growth of three Bifidobacterium strains and six Lactobacillus strains with 3.0-fold increment in culture absorbance, and these strains preferred mannooligosaccharides with DP 2-3 rather than those with DP 4-5. Novel mannooligosaccharides from cassia gum with promising prebiotic activity were provided in the present study.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Bifidobacterium. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts