Category: 59-23-4

Huang, Fei published the artcilePhysicochemical properties and prebiotic activities of polysaccharides from longan pulp based on different extraction techniques, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is prebiotic polysaccharide longan extraction sugar viscosity solubility; Different extraction methods; Glycosidic linkage; Longan polysaccharides; Probiotic proliferation.

Longan pulp polysaccharides were extracted with hot water (LP-H), superfine grinding (LP-S) and superfine grinding-assisted enzymic treatments (LP-SE). The yields, physicochem. properties and prebiotic activities of polysaccharides were investigated. Compared with LP-H and LP-S, the yield, sugar content, solubility, arabinose and mannose percentage of LP-SE increased while its apparent viscosity, particle size, Mw and glucose percentage declined. Three LPs contained similar glycosidic linkage of →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and α-L-Rhap(l→, while they each contained specific glycosidic linkage of →4)-β-D-Glcp(l→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→ in LP-H, LP-S and LP-SE, resp. Moreover, LP-SE exhibited stronger stimulation than LP-H and LP-S on the proliferation of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus fermentum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The results indicated three extraction methods had some effect on chem. composition and structure of polysaccharide. LP-SE extracted by superfine grinding-assisted enzymic treatment exhibited the highest prebiotic activities, which have a great potential in applying in functional food and medical industry.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Haskovic, Minela published the artcilePathophysiology and targets for treatment in hereditary galactosemia: A systematic review of animal and cellular models, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is review carbohydrate metabolism galactose uridine diphosphate galactosemia; animal models; cellular models; hereditary galactosemia; pathophysiology; treatment targets.

Since the first description of galactosemia in 1908 and despite decades of research, the pathophysiol. is complex and not yet fully elucidated. Galactosemia is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by deficient activity of any of the galactose metabolising enzymes. The current standard of care, a galactose-restricted diet, fails to prevent long-term complications. Studies in cellular and animal models in the past decades have led to an enormous progress and advancement of knowledge. Summarising current evidence in the pathophysiol. underlying hereditary galactosemia may contribute to the identification of treatment targets for alternative therapies that may successfully prevent long-term complications. A systematic review of cellular and animal studies reporting on disease complications (clin. signs and/or biochem. findings) and/or treatment targets in hereditary galactosemia was performed. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched, 46 original articles were included. Results revealed that Gal-1-P is not the sole pathophysiol. agent responsible for the phenotype observed in galactosemia. Other currently described contributing factors include accumulation of galactose metabolites, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-hexose alterations and subsequent impaired glycosylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, altered signalling pathways, and oxidative stress. galactokinase (GALK) inhibitors, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) up-regulation, uridine supplementation, ER stress reducers, antioxidants and pharmacol. chaperones have been studied, showing rescue of biochem. and/or clin. symptoms in galactosemia. Promising co-adjuvant therapies include antioxidant therapy and UGP up-regulation. This systematic review provides an overview of the scattered information resulting from animal and cellular studies performed in the past decades, summarising the complex pathophysiol. mechanisms underlying hereditary galactosemia and providing insights on potential treatment targets.

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xiao, Luyao published the artcileInfluences of drying methods on the structural, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Lactobacillus exopolysaccharide physicochem property drying antioxidant.

In this study, in order to evaluate influences of different drying methods on the structural characteristics, physicochem. properties and antioxidant activities of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1, three drying methods, including spray-drying (SD), freeze-drying (FD) and spray freeze-drying (SFD), were applied to dry EPS. Results showed that different drying procedures had no significant influence on the primary structure and constituent monosaccharides of EPSs. However, the surface morphol. of the three dried EPSs varied greatly in size and shape due to different drying processes. Among three dried EPSs, the particle size distribution of spray freeze-dried EPS (SF-EPS) was relatively narrower and uniform. Addnl., SF-EPS behaved better apparent viscosity and emulsifying property than spray-dried EPS (S-EPS) and freeze-dried EPS (F-EPS). SF-EPS exhibited stronger antioxidant activities when compared with S-EPS and F-EPS, according to the results of scavenging activities on different radicals and chelating activity on ferrous ion. Overall, SFD was the appropriate method for industrial production of EPS from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1 with better physicochem. properties and antioxidant activities.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yan, Jingmin published the artcileAnalyses of active antioxidant polysaccharides from four edible mushrooms, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is edible mushroom antioxidant polysaccharide analyzes; Antioxidant activities; Mushroom polysaccharides; Structural characterization.

Four water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus and white Hypsizygus marmoreus. Using anion exchange and gel permeation chromatog., a neutral and an acidic fraction were purified from each water-soluble polysaccharide. Their mol. weights were all around 20 kDa except that the acidic polysaccharide from Pleurotus ostreatus (named WPOPA) had a lower mol. weight of 5 kDa. Four neutral polysaccharides were mainly composed of galactose (42.7%-69.1%), followed by Man (19.4%-39.3%) and Glc (1.1%-15.9%). Four acidic polysaccharides contained glucose (59.0%-81.8%) as major sugar and minor glucuronic acid (4.5%-9.5%). Acidic polysaccharides exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than neutral fractions, and WPOPA showed the best antioxidant effects. Structural anal. indicated WPOPA had β-(1 → 6)-glucan backbone branched at O-3 by β-1,3-D-Glcp, t-β-D-Glcp and t-β-D-GlcpA. This investigation would be useful for screening natural antioxidants and significant in developing mushroom polysaccharides as functional foods.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xu, Yaqin published the artcileStructural characteristics, biological, rheological and thermal properties of the polysaccharide and the degraded polysaccharide from raspberry fruits, Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is Rubus fruit polysaccharide degradation structural antioxidant rheol thermal property; Activities; Fe(2+)-H(2)O(2) degradation; Polysaccharides; Rheological behavior; Structural characterization; Thermal properties.

A native polysaccharide (RCPI) with sugar content of 79.94 ± 0.57% was isolated from raspberry fruits. A degraded polysaccharide (DRCPI) with sugar content of 83.82 ± 0.71% was obtained from the crude polysaccharides after degradation by Fe2+-H2O2 treatment. The mol. weights of RCPI and DRCPI were determined to be 411,000 and 8010 Da, resp. GC anal. revealed that both RCPI and DRCPI were composed of the same monosaccharides (rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, and galacturonic acid) in different molar ratios. IR and NMR spectroscopy confirmed that RCPI and DRCPI possessed similar structural characteristics, although DRCPI displayed higher antioxidant activities and greater thermal stability. Furthermore, DRCPI exhibited excellent rheol. properties. These data provide evidence to support the application of raspberry-derived polysaccharides in functional foods.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chen, Chun published the artcileA comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Fructus Mori using different methods: structural characterization and glucose entrapment, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is glucose polysaccharide extract Fructus structural characterization entrapment.

In this study, the structure characteristics and the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of mulberry fruit polysaccharides obtained by the commonly used hot water (MFPh)-, ultrasonic (MFPu)-, acid (MFPc)- and alkali (MFPa)-assisted extraction methods were investigated. NMR anal. indicated that the four polysaccharides had similar glycosidic linkage patterns. SEM analyses showed that the surface morphol. of the polysaccharides was greatly affected by the extraction methods. The results of the bioactivity assays indicated that MFPh exhibited stronger antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities than the other polysaccharides. Moreover, all the polysaccharides showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory activities except for MFPu with the lowest mol. weight These results suggested that acid, alkali, and ultrasonic-assisted extractions have different effects on the degradation of polysaccharides without changing the main structure compared with hot water extraction In addition, the mol. weight of polysaccharides plays a key role in the bioactivity of the mulberry fruit polysaccharides.

Food & Function published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Morales, Diego published the artcileTesting the effect of combining innovative extraction technologies on the biological activities of obtained β-glucan-enriched fractions from Lentinula edodes, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Lentinula beta glucan extraction biol activity.

Innovative technologies as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (550 W, 60% amplitude, 50°C) or subcritical water extraction (SWE) (200°C, 11.7 MPa) were more effective than hot water extractions to obtain β-glucan-enriched fractions from shiitake mushrooms. UAE required longer extraction time (60 min) than SWE (15 min). Combination of UAE + SWE or pre-treatment of the raw material with supercritical CO2 (SFE) (40°C, 35 MPa, 3 h) before both extractions yielded extracts containing larger β-glucan concentrations Fluorimetric/colorimetric determinations indicated that obtained fractions contained (1 → 3)- and (1 → 3),(1 → 6)-β-glucans. NMR confirmed their presence as well as (1 → 3)-α-glucans and heteropolymers including mannose and galactose. SWE (15 min), SFE + SWE or UAE + SWE extracts showed larger glucose levels and lower mannose and galactose residues than the other extractions suggesting certain extraction specificity towards β-glucans. They also included more chitin-derivatives than UAE. The extracts obtained after combination of technologies partially retained their immunomodulatory properties but they showed high hypocholesterolemic activities according to in vitro studies.

Journal of Functional Foods published new progress about Interleukin 1β Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Conte, Federica published the artcileGalactose in human metabolism, glycosylation and congenital metabolic diseases: Time for a closer look, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is review galactose human metabolism glycosylation congenital metabolic disease; Collagen glycosylation; Congenital disorders of glycosylation; Galactose; Galactosemia; Keratan sulfate; Lysosomal disorders.

Galactose is an essential carbohydrate for cellular metabolism, as it contributes to energy production and storage in several human tissues while also being a precursor for glycosylation. Galactosylated glycoconjugates, such as glycoproteins, keratan sulfate-containing proteoglycans and glycolipids, exert a plethora of biol. functions, including structural support, cellular adhesion, intracellular signaling and many more. The biol. relevance of galactose is further entailed by the number of pathogenic conditions consequent to defects in galactosylation and galactose homeostasis. The growing number of rare congenital disorders involving galactose along with its recent therapeutical applications are drawing increasing attention to galactose metabolism In this review, we aim to draw a comprehensive overview of the biol. functions of galactose in human cells, including its metabolism and its role in glycosylation, and to provide a systematic description of all known congenital metabolic disorders resulting from alterations of its homeostasis.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shakhmatov, Evgeny G. published the artcileStructural studies of biologically active pectin-containing polysaccharides of pomegranate Punica granatum, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is Punica fruit feel membrane pectin polysaccharide structural property; Arabinan; NMR; Pectic polysaccharides; Pomegranate wastes; Punica granatum; Structural analysis.

The polysaccharide PGW was isolated from peels and membranes of fruits of pomegranate P. granatum by hot water extraction The methods of ion exchange chromatog., partial acid hydrolysis, enzymic hydrolysis and NMR spectroscopy were employed to establish the major elements of its structure. It was shown that this polysaccharide contained polymers with different structures, the main components among which were pectic polysaccharides, represented mainly by highly methyl-esterified and lowly acetylated 1,4-α-D-galactopyranosyluronan and a minor amount of partially 2-O- and/or 3-O-acetylated RG-I. The side carbohydrate chains of the branched region of RG-I were mainly represented by terminal, 5-O-, 3-O-, 2,5-di-O-, 3,5-di-O- and 2,3,5-tri-O-substituted α-L-Araf residues indicating the presence of branched 1,5-α-L-arabinan and minor regions of 1,4-β-D-galactan or arabinogalactan type I. The degree of methylation of the isolated pectins varied depending on the method of treatment. As a result, peels and membranes of pomegranate fruits can be recommended as a source of highly and lowly methyl-esterified pectic polysaccharides.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guo, M.-Z. published the artcileStructure characterization, physicochemical property and immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells of a novel triple-helix polysaccharide from Craterellus cornucopioides, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4, the main research area is Craterellus macrophage immunomodulation polysaccharide; Chemical structure; Craterellus cornucopioides; Polysaccharide; Stability immunomodulatory activity.

In the study, a new triple-helix polysaccharide with favorable stability was purified from C. cornucopioides. Its structural characterization, stability and solution behavior were investigated by the GC-MS, periodate oxidation-smith degradation, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, methylation anal., Scanning electron microscope, Congo-red, CD, TGA and DSC anal. The results showed that Craterellus cornucopioide polysaccharide (CCP) possessed the mol. weight of 1.97 × 103 kDa, is mainly composed of mannose (48.73%), galactose (17.37%), glucose (15.97%) and xylose (17.93%), resp. It was a heteroglycan with (1 → 3)-linked-β-D-Manp-(1 → 6)-linked a-D-Galp backbone distributed by (1 → 4)-linked-a-D-Xylp-t-a-D-Manp and t-β-D-Glup units at O-6. The result of TGA and DSC assay indicated that CCP has a favorable thermal stability. MTT and Scanning electro microscopy (SEM) assay showed that CCP could significantly improve the proliferation activity and induce cells activation of RAW264.7 in a certain range of concentrations and period.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts