Category: 59-23-4

Zhu, Minqian published the artcileStructural characterization and immunological activity of pectin polysaccharide from kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus) peels, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is Cucumis peel macrophage immunol pectin polysaccharide; Immunological activity; Kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus) peels; Pectin polysaccharide; Structural characterization.

Two novel polysaccharides, namely CMPP-1 and CMPP-2, from kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus) peels were isolated through hot-water extraction, followed by ethanol precipitation and column chromatog. The results showed that CMPP-1 and CMPP-2 were hetero-galacturonans with different mol. weights of 7.35 kDa and 6.90 kDa, resp. Both of CMPP-1 and CMPP-2 were mainly composed of glucuronic acid (45.93% and 51.75%, resp.), and other monosaccharides including rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, fucose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and mannuronic acid. The results of structural characterization from FT-IR and NMR confirmed that CMPP-1 and CMPP-2 were pectin with highly branched structure. Furthermore, both CMPP-1 and CMPP-2 possessed immune-enhancing activity and could enhance the secretion of nitric oxide and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, CMPP-1 had higher immune activity than CMPP-2 as the min. effective concentration were 0.78μg/mL and 6.25μg/mL, resp. These findings provide a scientific basis for further utilization of polysaccharide from kiwano peels.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Cucumis metuliferus. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lin, Derong published the artcileStudy on the functional properties and structural characteristics of soybean soluble polysaccharides by mixed bacteria fermentation and microwave treatment, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is Neurospora soybean soluble polysaccharide fermentation microwave treatment; Functional properties; Soybean soluble polysaccharides; Structural characteristics.

The soybean soluble polysaccharide was prepared by mixed fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and Neurospora crassa and microwave treatment. The functional properties and structure characteristics of soybean soluble polysaccharide before and after modification were compared. Results revealed that after fermentation treatment, the content of soybean soluble polysaccharide increased to 7.09%, which was 3.16 times that of raw materials, and the microwave treatment was further increased to 7.69%. The glucose adsorption capacity, glucose dialysis retardation index and the α-amylase activity inhibition ration of soybean soluble polysaccharides increased significantly, promotes intestinal flora growth in vitro after fermentation of mixed bacteria and microwave treatment. At the same time, the anal. of monosaccharide compound and structural characteristics showed that the monosaccharide components of soybean soluble polysaccharide were redistributed after modification treatment, SEM showed that modified soybean soluble polysaccharide has a larger surface area; Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction proved that the modification has slight changes in the functional groups and crystal structure of soybean soluble polysaccharide. These results suggested that okara may be a potentially inexpensive source of natural soybean soluble polysaccharide and a potential functional food ingredient.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Dehydration process. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Mingjia published the artcilePurified fraction of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea modulates the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota in anaerobic fermentation in vitro, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is polysaccharide Fuzhuan brick tea gut microbiota anaerobic fermentation metabolism; Fuzhuan brick tea; Gut microbiota; KEGG pathway; Metagenomics; Polysaccharide.

One purified fraction from crude Fuzhuan brick tea polysaccharides (FBTPS), FBTPS-3, was obtained through column chromatog. of DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow. The chem. properties and probiotic effects of FBTPS-3 were evaluated by fermentation in vitro. Moreover, the effects of FBTPS-3 on the function and metabolic pathway of gut microbiota were investigated by metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that FBTPS-3 was an heteropolysaccharide with mol. weight of 741 kDa, which was mainly composed of Man, Rha, GalA, Gal and Ara in molar ratio of 8.7:15.5:42.2:19.7:13.9. The contents of carbohydrates and uronic acid in FBTPS-3 were 44.78 ± 2.85% and 40.4 ± 2.11%, resp. After fermentation, the mol. weight of FBTPS-3 and content of carbohydrates were significantly decreased, indicating that FBTPS-3 could be utilized by gut microbiota. Furthermore, the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Megasphaera and Prevotella were significantly increased by FBTPS-3. FBTPS-3 also significantly promoted the production of acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids. Based on the metagenomic sequencing, it was found that FBTPS-3 significantly enriched the metabolic pathway of starch and sucrose. All the results suggest that FBTPS-3 is expected to be developed as functional ingredients or foods to improve the host health through regulating the gut microbiota and physiol. metabolic functions.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Acidaminococcaceae. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kaur, Tejinder published the artcileComparison of glycoprofiles of rituximab versions licensed for sale in India and an analytical approach for quality assessment, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4, the main research area is glycoprofile rituximab analytical approach quality assessment; Biosimilars; Glycosylation; Monoclonal antibodies; N-Glycans; Rituximab.

Glycosylation affects clin. efficacy and safety; therefore, is a critical quality attribute of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Glycans are often labile and complex in patterns, giving rise to macro- and micro-heterogeneity. Recombinant production, diverse geog. locations, associated transportation and storage conditions further compound the problem. Two-way studies comparing glycoprofile of the originator and its given biosimilar are aplenty. However, the extent of anal. variation and similarity in glycoprofile across all approved versions of a drug is hardly explored. Using UHPLC and mass spectrometry, we compared the glycoprofiles of eight rituximab drug samples licensed for sale in India. While the types of glycans were found identical, the abundance of some glycans varied significantly within the tested population. The quality range of glycosylation parameters of the tested sample population differed significantly from the previously established values for US/EU licensed rituximab. As the mean abundance of the 90% of identified glycans falls within ±3SD, the extent of mutual variations amongst tested lots is less significant compared to the extreme deviation from previously established QR limits. Thus, we propose this approach as an orthogonal method to capture glycan variations in licensed versions of mAbs for quality surveillance and in cases where originator samples′ are limiting. As fluctuation in glycosylation may be of clin. significance, we identify that a one-to-one comparison with originator alone is insufficient in sensing the extent of variations in glycosylation parameters in licensed biosimilars of a given therapeutic mAb. Here we propose that future biosimilarity anal. may include an orthogonal approach of generating an addnl. combined QR range representing variations across the originator and its biosimilars. The glycosylation profiles of eight rituximab drug samples of different make obtained from the point of sale in India were found identical amongst the tested rituximab versions. However, the QR limits corresponding to important glycosylation parameters differed significantly across all tested samples from the previously established QR limits of US- and EU-licensed rituximab in statistical terms. Such an approach may be useful in defining the true range of glycan variations in licensed versions of therapeutic mAbs.

Journal of Proteomics published new progress about Antibody mimetics Role: ANT (Analyte), ANST (Analytical Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bo, Ruonan published the artcileMechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides liposomes on activating murine dendritic cells, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is Lycium polysaccharide liposome dendritic cell activation cytokine signaling; Antigen uptake; Dendritic cells; Lycium barbarum polysaccharides liposomes; Phenotypic and functional maturation; Proinflammatory cytokines; TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) that play a central role in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. We have previously demonstrated that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides liposomes (LBPL) as immune adjuvant elicits strong antigen-specific Th1 immune responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate underlying mechanism of liposomes promoting effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on activating DCs. LBP were loaded with high entrapment efficiency (86%) into liposomes using reverse phase evaporation LBPL activation of phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs was explored through mechanistic studies of the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and amount of proinflammatory cytokines released. We found that LBPL indeed activated immature DCs and induced DCs maturation characterized by up-regulation of co-stimulatory mols. (MHCII, CD80, CD86), production of cytokines (IL-12p40, TNF-α), and enhancement of antigen uptake. Addnl., we demonstrated that liposomes could promote LBP up-regulation of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, NF-κB gene and protein expression.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Antigens Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Huixian published the artcileImmune characteristics of IgA nephropathy with minimal change disease, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is human IgA nephropathy minimal change disease; IgA nephropathy; MCD-IgAN; anti-glycan autoantibodies; galactose deficient IgA1; inflammation; minimal change disease.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has a high degree of heterogeneity in clin. and pathol. features. Among all subsets of IgAN, the pathogenesis of IgAN with minimal change disease (MCD-IgAN) remained controversial. We analyzed the clin. and pathol. characteristics of MCD-IgAN patients in a retrospective cohort. Patients diagnosed with IgAN, excluding MCD-IgAN, were randomly selected as controls. Levels of plasma galactose-deficient IgA1 (GdIgA1), IgG autoantibodies against GdIgA1, GdIgA1 deposition in the glomerulus, and inflammatory reactivity of circulating poly-IgA1 complexes to cultured mesangial cells were evaluated. Patients with MCD-IgAN had significantly higher levels of proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lower levels of albumin and urine blood cells, and milder histol. lesions by a light microscope compared to IgAN patients, which bears a resemblance to MCD. Lower levels of GdIgA1 (3.41 ± 1.68 vs. 4.92 ± 2.30μg/mL, p = 0.009) and IgG antiglycan autoantibodies (23.25 ± 22.59 vs. 76.58 ± 71.22 IU/mL, p < 0.001) were found in MCD-IgAN patients than those in IgAN controls. Meanwhile, weaker fluorescence intensities of both IgA and GdIgA1 were observed in the glomerulus of MCD-IgAN patients compared to those in IgAN patients. Furthermore, poly-IgA1 complexes from MCD-IgAN patients induced weaker inflammatory effects on cultured mesangial cells than those from IgAN patients in vitro. The results demonstrated that MCD-IgAN cases represent a dual glomerulopathy, namely, mild IgAN with superimposed MCD, which furthermore provides substantial evidence for the corticosteroids therapy in MCD-IgAN patients as the guidelines recommended. Frontiers in Pharmacology published new progress about Albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Man published the artcileExtracellular vesicle glucose transporter-1 and glycan features in monocyte-endothelial inflammatory interactions, COA of Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is endothelial cell inflammation monocyte extracellular vesicles GLUT1 glycan; Exosome; Extracellular vesicle; Glucose transporter-1; Glycan node analysis; Inflammation.

Monocyte-induced endothelial cell inflammation is associated with multiple pathol. conditions, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential nanosized components of intercellular communication. EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes were previously shown to carry pro-inflammatory proteins and RNAs. The role of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and glycan features in monocyte-derived EV-induced endothelial cell inflammation remains largely unexplored. This study demonstrates that EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes activate inflammatory pathways in endothelial cells, which are partially attributed to GLUT-1. Alterations in glycan features and increased levels of GLUT-1 were observed in EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes. Notably, inhibition of EV-associated GLUT-1, through the use of fasentin, suppressed EV-induced inflammatory cytokines in recipient endothelial cells.

Nanomedicine (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about Annexin V Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, COA of Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sabater, Carlos published the artcileUltrasound-assisted extraction of pectin from artichoke by-products. An artificial neural network approach to pectin characterisation, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is Cynara pectin artificial neural network approach.

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) byproducts can be used as a good source of pectin. The aim of this work was to compare different pectin extraction methods: power ultrasound (US), enzymes, combination of US and enzymes (US + E), and acids (nitric and sodium citrate). After 6 h, pectin yield was higher when US was applied in combination with Celluclast1.5 L (up to 13.9%). Structural characterization showed that US-extracted pectins had lower weight-average mol. weight (Mw) values (146-155 kDa) than pectin extracted with US + E (160-267 kDa) and acid-extracted pectin (329-352 kDa). Monomeric composition reflected that pectin extracted with acids had the highest galacturonic acid (GalA) contents (82.2-90.2%) and the lowest degree of branching [Rha/GalA] (0.026-0.031). Structural characteristics of the different pectins were modelled using two artificial neural networks (ANN) considering composition parameters (Model I) and pectin FT-IR spectra (Model II). In addition, a third ANN was built to determine differences and similarities in the GC-MS spectra of monomeric composition (identified and unidentified monosaccharides) (Model III) showing characteristic patterns with high accuracy rates (above 95% on the test set). Structural differences depending on the extraction method of pectin have been established and these models could be applied to pectin from other sources.

Food Hydrocolloids published new progress about Artichoke Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhan, Qiping published the artcileStructural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel acid polysaccharide isolated from the pulp of Rosa laevigata Michx fruit, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is Rosa fruit pulp polysaccharide immunomodulatory; Immunomodulatory activity; Polysaccharide; RAW264.7 cells; Rosa laevigata Michx; Structural characterization.

A novel acid polysaccharide (PPRLMF-2) with the Mw of 137,123 Da and a triple-helix conformation was first isolated from the pulp of Rosa laevigata Michx fruit. Structural characterization showed that PPRLMF-2 consisted of rhamnose (7.6%), arabinose (26.5%), xylose (3.5%), mannose (0.9%), glucose (5.7%), galactose (31.9%) and galacturonic acid (23.9%). The methylation and NMR (1D and 2D) anal. revealed that PPRLMF-2 contained 16 types of glycosidic linkages. The immunomodulatory activity assays indicated that PPRLMF-2 could significantly enhance phagocytosis, the secretion and mRNA expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. Addnl., SR, GR, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were the main pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of PPRLMF-2 to upregulate the p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, and p-p65. These results suggested that PPRLMF-2 could recognize the PRRs of the macrophages to enhance the immunomodulatory activity via activation of the MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. This study provides important implications of PPRLMF-2 as an attractive immunomodulatory functional food.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Cytokines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yuan, Lei published the artcileStructural characterisation and immunomodulatory activity of a neutral polysaccharide from Sambucus adnata Wall, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Sambucus immunomodulatory neutral polysaccharide; Immunomodulatory activity; Polysaccharide; Sambucus adnata Wall; Structure.

A neutral polysaccharide, SPW-2, was purified from the leaves of Sambucus adnata Wall. using water extraction and alc. precipitation, Sevage deproteination, ion exchange chromatog. and gel filtration chromatog. This mol. had an average mol. weight of 7040 Da and was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.5:0.5:1.2:5.0:1.8. The repetitive structural units of SPW-2 were deduced using methylation anal. and NMR (one- and two-dimensional) spectroscopy. In vitro immunol. activity test showed that SPW-2 could induce the secretion of nitric oxide, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and increase the mRNA expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. The data supported the notion that SPW-2 exerts an immunomodulatory effect by activating macrophages and enhancing the host immune system function, which enabled it to be used as a novel immunomodulator for application in the treatment of immunol. diseases.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Cytokines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts