Category: 59-23-4

Shwe, Thazin published the artcileHyperbaric oxygen therapy restores cognitive function and hippocampal pathologies in both aging and aging-obese rats, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is obesity cognitive function hippocampal pathol hyperbaric oxygen therapy; Aging; Autophagy; Cognition; HBOT; Microglia; Obesity.

The population of obese-elderly has increased prominently around the world. Both aging and obesity are major factors of neurodegeneration. The present study hypothesizes that HBOT attenuates metabolic disturbance, cognitive decline, hippocampal pathologies in aging and aging-obese model. Sixty Wistar rats were separated into 2 groups to receive normal-diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 wk. At week 13, ND rats were divided into two subgroups to receive vehicle (0.9% NSS, s.c) or D-gal (150 mg/kg/d, s.c) for total 10 wk. HFD rats were injected only D-gal (150 mg/kg/d, s.c; HFDD) for total 10 wk. At week 20, rats in each subgroup were given sham-treatment (1ATA, 80 L/min, 80 min/day), or HBOT (2ATA, pure O2, 250 L/min, 80 min/day) for 14 days. Novel object location test, metabolic parameters, and hippocampal pathologies were determined after HBOT. D-gal induced insulin resistance, increased oxidative stress, autophagy impairment, microglial hyperactivation, apoptosis, synaptic dysplasticity which resulted in cognitive impairment. D-gal-treated HFD-fed rats had the highest levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, dendritic spine loss. HBOT attenuated insulin resistance, cognitive impairment, hippocampal aging and pathologies in both models. These findings suggest that HBOT restored insulin sensitivity, hippocampal functions, cognition in aging and aging-obese models.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Partadiredja, Ginus published the artcileThe Effects of Light and Moderate Intensity Exercise on the Femoral Bone and Cerebellum of -Galactose-Exposed Rats, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is femoral bone cerebellum exercise galactose; -galactose; exercise; growth factor; osteoblast; osteoclast.

The present study aimed at investigating the effects of exercise on cerebellar and serum growth factors, motor activity, and the number of bone cells of the femoral head of -galactose-treated rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups, i.e., three treated groups injected with 300 mg/(mL·kg) body weight (bw) -galactose solution daily for 4 wk, and a control group injected with normal saline. Following the 4-wk administration of -galactose solution, two of the treated groups performed light- (45% VO2max) and moderate- (55% VO2max) intensity exercise, by running on a treadmill 4 × a week for 4 wk. Locomotor activity was examined in rotarod and open field tests. The cerebellar and serum Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels were measured using ELISA (ELISA). The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts of femoral head was estimated using unbiased stereol. methods. It was found that the number of osteoclasts was higher in the -galactose-treated group than the normal control and moderate-intensity exercise groups. No significant difference between groups was found in the rotarod and open field test performance, IGF-1 and BDNF levels, as well as number of osteoblasts. In conclusion, a 4-wk administration of high-dose-galactose caused the increase of the number of osteoclasts. A subsequent 4-wk moderate-intensity exercise reversed this increase to the normal level.

Rejuvenation Research published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rostami Dovom, Marzieh published the artcileHabitual dietary lactose and galactose intakes in association with age at menopause in non-galactosemic women, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is lactose galactose diet menopause age.

Introduction: Rodent models and studies on women with galactosemia suggest the ovo-toxicity effect of galactose. However, the association between galactose intake from dietary sources and the ovarian function in women without galactosemia has not yet been described. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations between both dietary galactose and lactose intake, and ovarian dysfunction as the odds of early menopause in women without galactosemia. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 821 women without galactosemia, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), who experienced natural menopause. Habitual dietary intakes of lactose and galactose during the past 12 mo were assessed, using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In this study, early menopause was defined as natural menopause before the age of 45 years. Results: Mean- and menopausal age of women were reported as 59.3±7.94 and 48.6±4.81 years, resp. No statistically significant linear association was observed between the daily intakes of lactose and galactose and the odds of early menopause. After adjusting for age, energy intake, and age at menarche, women in the middle tertiles of lactose (62%, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.46) and galactose (58%, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.39) intake had significantly higher odds of early menopause, than those in the first tertile. When the daily intake of lactose and galactose were expressed as the percentage of energy intake, the higher odds of early menopause among women in the middle tertile compared to those with the first tertile were reduced and became non-significant. Conclusion: No statistically significant linear associations were reported between the intake of lactose and galactose and age of menopause. However, the odds of early menopause in those women with the middle tertile of lactose and galactose intake were significantly higher than those women in the first tertile.

PLoS One published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yanar, Karolin published the artcileIs -Galactose a Useful Agent for Accelerated Aging Model of Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscle of Sprague-Dawley Rats?, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is D galactose gastrocnemius soleus muscle oxidative stress aging; D-galactose; aging; gastrocnemius; musculoskeletal aging; reactive oxygen species; soleus.

Elderly population and age-related diseases are on the rise. On the contrary, aging studies are tech. hard to conduct, because they require elderly animals, the maintenance of which requires ample effort and is expensive. To tackle this problem, -galactose is used to hasten the aging process in various tissues in rodent models and it has been shown to successfully mimic the oxidative alterations that take place in the natural aging process in various tissues both by our group and others. In the present study, the validity of -galactose aging model in skeletal muscles was tested both on predominantly slow-twitch (soleus) and rather fast-twitch (gastrocnemius) muscle in male Sprague-Dawley rats and the results are compared with young littermate controls and naturally aged rats. Redox-related modifications in soleus and gastrocnemius were assessed by measurement of protein carbonyl groups, advanced oxidation protein products, lipid hydroperoxides, total thiol, and Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activities. In the present study, we provide biochem. evidence demonstrating that -galactose-induced mimetic aging does result in oxidative stress-related redox alterations that are comparable with the alterations that occur in natural aging in soleus. On the contrary, in the -galactose-induced mimetic aging of gastrocnemius, even though the oxidative stress markers were significantly increased, the endpoint redox homeostasis markers were not statistically comparable with the redox status of naturally aged group.

Rejuvenation Research published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wasityastuti, Widya published the artcileEffects of low and moderate treadmill exercise on liver of D-galactose-exposed aging rat model, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is galactose phys exercise aging hepatic fibrosis; Aging; M1/M2 ratio; d-galactose; exercise; liver fibrosis.

Aging increases liver susceptibility to diseases and it causes inflammation in liver tissue which can lead to fibrosis. Studies suggest that aging is caused by the accumulation of free radicals. Lack of phys. activity can lower hormone levels and increase free radicals that can accelerate the aging process. Hence, phys. activity is very important to maintain functions of organs. This research was aimed to study the effects of low and moderate treadmill exercise on D-Galactose-exposed aging rat model by evaluating the degree of hepatic fibrosis, number of M1 and M2, and M1/M2 ratio. Twenty-four 3-mo-old male Wistar aging model rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., three treatment groups with daily 300 mg kgBW-1D-Galactose injection administrated i.p. for 4 wk and 1 control group with normal saline injection. Two of the D-Galactose treated groups were given low and moderate treadmill exercise for 4 wk. It was concluded that low intensity treadmill exercise significantly lowered the degree of D-Galactose-exposed hepatic fibrosis, and moderate treadmill exercise was able to restore the injured liver tissue back to the non-aging state. Administration of D-Galactose causes inflammation marked by the elevated number of M1 and M2 macrophages. Moderate treadmill exercise drove M1/M2 ratio back to the control condition.

Physiological Reports published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hui, Heping published the artcilePurification, characterization and antioxidant activities of a polysaccharide from the roots of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Cotton, Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is Lilium root polysaccharide antioxidant; Antioxidant activity; Characterization; Lilium davidii var. unicolor Cotton; O-acetyl glucomannan; Purification.

A polysaccharide (LPR) was separated from the roots of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Cotton with hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and purification by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatog. LPR was characterized. The weight-average mol. weight (MW) of LPR was 5.12 × 104 g/moL. Glucose and mannose comprised LPR with a molar ratio of 2.9:3.3. IR, NMR and methylation anal. showed that LPR was a natural O-acetyl glucomannan, the backbone mainly contained β-(1 → 4)-linked D-glucopyranosyl and β-(1 → 4)-linked D-mannopyanosyl, and the branches probably linked at O-2 and/or O-3 of the mannosyl and glucosyl residues. The acetyl groups mainly attached at O-2 or O-3 of mannosyl residues. X-ray diffractometric (XRD) anal. and SEM (SEM) anal. revealed that LPR was a semi-crystalline substance with porous lamellar structure. Bioassays in vitro indicated that LPR had distinct scavenging activities on hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical. These findings provided a reference for functional underutilization roots of L. davidii as natural antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industry.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Lilium davidii. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lyu, Jian published the artcileCharacterization of water status and water soluble pectin from peaches under the combined drying processing, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is water soluble pectin peach drying processing; Average molar mass; Degradation; Degree of esterification; Osmotic dehydration; Pectin.

Characterization of water status and water soluble pectin (WSP) from peach were evaluated after different stage of combined drying in which osmotic dehydration (OD) was considered as the pre-treatment prior to instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) – assisted IR radiation drying (IRD) (IR-DIC). Results showed that the contents of free water and immobilized water decreased to 0 g after the combined drying. The content of bound water increased after IRD treatment. The residual PME activity in peach slices was 153.3-179.6% after OD treatment, while, the PG were totally inactivated after IRD. The degree of esterification (DE), WSP content and average molar mass (Mw) decreased significantly (from 75.00 to 43.74, from 156.00 to 74.91 mg/g AIR and from 2.28 to 0.49 × 105 Da, resp.) after the combined drying. The neutral sugar of WSP was mainly composed by galactose, arabinose and rhamnose, whose contents decreased after the combined drying. However, OD treatment would slow down the degradation There was a low peak at 1740 cm-1 in FT-IR spectrum observed for WSP after IRD and DIC treatment, which might illustrate the degradation of WSP during the combined drying.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Drying process. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chen, Zhangbao published the artcileCharacterization and immunological activities of polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is Polygonatum polysaccharides cytokines immunomodulatory; Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide; characterization; immunological activity.

We investigated the physicochem. properties and composition of monosaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum. Simultaneously, we explored the in vivo and in vitro immunomodulatory activity and mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) activity by monitoring changes in immune organs, immune cells, and cytokines. The average mol. weight (Mw) of PSP was 9.514 x 104 Da. The monosaccharide components of PSP were galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a molar ratio of 11.72:1.78:4.15:1.00:2.48. PSP increased thymus and spleen indexes, enhance the proliferative responses of splenocytes, and increased the phagocytosis of mononuclear macrophages. Simultaneously, PSP could recover the body mass of immunosuppressed mice, and increased blood erythrocyte counts in the sera of cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated and normal mice, while blood leukocytes and platelet counts of Cy-treated mice recovered. PSP elevated the CD4+/CD8+ ratio is a dose-dependent manner and increased the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) in the sera of Cy-treated mice. PSP further enhanced the expression of IL-2 and TNF-α in spleen lymphocytes. Addnl., PSP treatment accelerated the recovery of natural killer cell activity in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, PSP not only regulated the immune function of normal mice, but participated in the protection against immunosuppression in Cy-treated mice, highlighting its potential as an immunostimulant.

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin published new progress about Blood platelet. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Altassan, Ruqaiah published the artcileInternational consensus guidelines for phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency (PGM1-CDG): Diagnosis, follow-up, and management, COA of Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is review phosphoglucomutase diagnosis protein glycosylation; d-galactose; PGM1-CDG; congenital disorder of glycosylation; management guidelines; phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency.

Phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that affects glycogen metabolism, glycolysis, and protein glycosylation. Previously known as GSD XIV, it was recently reclassified as a congenital disorder of glycosylation, PGM1-CDG. PGM1-CDG usually manifests as a multisystem disease. Most patients present as infants with cleft palate, liver function abnormalities and hypoglycemia, but some patients present in adulthood with isolated muscle involvement. Some patients develop life-threatening cardiomyopathy. Unlike most other CDG, PGM1-CDG has an effective treatment option, -galactose, which has been shown to improve many of the patients’ symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment for PGM1-CDG patients are crucial decisions. In this article, our group of international experts suggests diagnostic, follow-up, and management guidelines for PGM1-CDG. These guidelines are based on the best available evidence-based data and experts’ opinions aiming to provide a practical resource for health care providers to facilitate successful diagnosis and optimal management of PGM1-CDG patients.

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease published new progress about Cardiomyopathy. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, COA of Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Veeraperumal, Suresh published the artcilePolysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis promote the HaCaT keratinocytes wound healing by polarised and directional cell migration, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is polysaccharide Gracilaria lemaneiformis wound healing promoter cell proliferation; Cell migration; Cell polarisation; Gracilaria lemaneiformis; Human keratinocyte; Wound healing.

In this study, we evaluated the wound healing activity of polysaccharides fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. Three purified fractions, namely, GLP-1, GLP-2 and GLP-3 were obtained from anion-exchange chromatog. and were evaluated for their cell proliferation activity. Among the three fractions, the fraction GLP-2 promoted cell proliferation at a concentration of 100μg/mL. Further, chem. and structural anal. of GLP-2 revealed it to be a homogenous and repeating structure of alternating 4-linked 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranosyl and 3-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units with sulfate residues. Further, we analyzed the wound healing activities of the fraction GLP-2 and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that GLP-2 promotes cell proliferation and migration through activation of PI3 K/aPKC signaling during human keratinocytes wound healing. Based on the findings in this study, we concluded that the wound healing activities of the GLP-2 fraction can provide the scientific basis for the development of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides based product for wound management.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Cell migration. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts