Category: 59-23-4

Sun, Tingting published the artcilePhysicochemical properties and immunological activities of polysaccharides from both crude and wine-processed Polygonatum sibiricum, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Polygonatum polysaccharide wine processing immunol activity physicochem property; Immunological activity; Polygonatum sibiricum; Polysaccharide; Spleen deficiency; Wine-processing.

Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) is a traditional Chinese herb used in both food and medicine with great bioactivity. The wine-processed pieces of PS are the main form for clin. application, while research has focused on the polysaccharides of their crude form. This study evaluated the physicochem. properties and immunol. activities of water-soluble polysaccharides from both crude (PSPC) and wine-processed PS (PSPW). PSPC and PSPW had significant differences in their physicochem. properties. PSPC was mainly composed of galactose, mannose, glucose, and galacturonic acid, in molar ratios of 29.63:36.10:15.09:10.20, while PSPW was mainly composed of galactose, mannose, and galacturonic acid, in molar ratios of 78.77:5.50:13.84. Both kinds of polysaccharides can enhance the cells viability, phagocytic capacity, acid phosphatase activity, and NO production of RAW264.7 cells. We found that PSPC and PSPW enhanced the immune functions of the immunosuppressive model for spleen deficient mice and reversed the decline of the secretions of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ to a normal range. The PSPW showed more potent immunol. activities than PSPC. The results of the study identify the importance of wine-processing for PS and provide application foundations for the further development of PSPW as a functional food.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Erythrocyte. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Shengnan published the artcileStructural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng residue and its immunomodulatory activity on bone marrow dendritic cells, Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is Panax polysaccharide bone marrow dendritic cell immunomodulation; Bone marrow dendritic cells; Immunomodulatory adjuvant; Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen; Polysaccharide; Structural characterization.

This study isolated and characterized a novel polysaccharide (PNPS-0.3) from the residue of Panax notoginseng by gradient elution. PNPS-0.3 mainly consisted of a backbone of →4)- α-D-GalAp-(1 → 4-β-L-Rhap-1 → 4)-β-D-Galp-(1 → residues, with an α-L-Araf-1 → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → branch connecting to the backbone at O-3 of →4-β-L-Rhap-1 → and a mol. weight of 76,655 Da. Furthermore, the adjuvant potential of PNPS-0.3 with bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) was investigated. The results suggested that PNPS-0.3 could induce maturation of BMDCs by reshaping the morphol., upregulating the CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC II membrane phenotypic markers, and by promoting the secretion of TNF-α and IL-12 proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, PNPS-0.3 can trigger the DC-induced T-cell immune response, as indicated by the higher expressions of CD4, CD8, CD69, and MHC II in T cells with increased secretion of INF-β. PNPS-0.3 also upregulated the expressions of Myd88, IKKβ, P-P65, T-P65, and NF-κB, suggesting that the TLR4/TLR2-NF-κB signaling pathway was involved in the immunomodulatory mechanism. In conclusion, the immunoadjuvant potential of novel PNPS-0.3 was characterized, which is beneficial for the future utilization and development of P. notoginseng.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Bone marrow. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Jia, Yanan published the artcileChemical structure and inhibition on α-glucosidase of polysaccharides from corn silk by fractional precipitation, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is corn silk polysaccharide alpha glucosidase; Antioxidant; Corn silk; Polysaccharide fraction; Structure; α-Glucosidase.

Aimed to explore different corn silk polysaccharide (CSP) fractions derived by ethanol precipitation on the physicochem. properties and biol. activities, four fractions (CSP20, CSP40, CSP60, and CSP80) were obtained. CSPs consisted of mannose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and glucose with different ratios, and exhibited different total sugar content, uronic acid content, protein content, and total phenols content. All fractions also showed different phys. properties, such as mol. weight, intrinsic viscosity, particle size, and microstructure. Besides, CSP80 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the other three fractions. Enzyme kinetic anal. suggested that CSP80 inhibited α-glucosidase by mixed type and reversible mechanisms, resp. Fluorescence intensity measurements confirmed that the secondary structure of α-glucosidase was changed by the binding of CSP80. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) results illustrated that the binding of CSP80 to α-glucosidase complex was spontaneous driven by enthalpy and hydrogen bonds played a major role in the binding.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Corn (silk). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fan, Sanhong published the artcilePurification, structural elucidation and in vivo immunity-enhancing activity of polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Chenopodium hypersensitivity immunosuppression spleen polysaccharide IFN alpha IgM; Quinoa polysaccharides; immunity; purification; structure.

Quinoa crude polysaccharides (QPS) were extracted from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. The soluble non-starch polysaccharide fraction (QPS1) was subsequently purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-50 gel chromatog., using QPS as raw materials. Its chem. structure was identified using FT-IR, NMR, AFM, SEM and Congo red staining. High performance gel permeation chromatog. (HPGPC) was used to determine mol. weight, and composition by HPLC. QPS1, with a mol. weight of 34.0 kDa, was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose at a molar ratio of 2.63:2.40:1.64:6.28:1.95:2.48:5.01. In addition, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of QPS1 on the improvement of anti-cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression in ICR mice. The result exhibited significantly immune-enhancing activity: QPS1 successfully improved the content of IFN-γ, IL-6, IFN-α, IgM and lysozyme (LYSO) in serum for three weeks, enhanced the phagocytic function of mononuclear macrophages and ameliorated delayed allergy in mice.

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry published new progress about Blood serum. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Saleh, Dalia O. published the artcileEffects of sulforaphane on D-galactose-induced liver aging in rats: Role of keap-1/nrf-2 pathway., Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is sulforaphane antiaging hepatoprotectant hepatic fibrosis aging; Aging; D-galactose; Fibrosis; Nrf-2; Rats; Sulforaphane.

Aging; a biol. phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in cellular functions, is considered as a major risk factor of various liver diseases that plays as an adverse prognostic role, thus increasing mortality rate. However, diet is the main environmental factor that has a major impact on the aging process whereas, sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate organosulfur compound in cruciferous vegetables, has been reported with myriad biol. effects. In the present study, SFN antiaging properties were evaluated on D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced liver aging in rats. For this purpose, forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. All animals, except the normal control, were i.p. injected with D-Gal (300 mg/kg/day for 5 days a week) for six consecutive weeks. In the hepatoprotective groups, animals received oral SFN (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) for 6 wk concurrently with D-GAL. SFN administration improved liver biomarkers through decreasing serum levels of AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin when compared to D-Gal-aging group. SFN significantly increased hepatic GSH level as well as catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities while counteracted the elevation in hepatic oxidative stress markers; MDA, NO and protein carbonyl in aged rats. SFN abrogated the dysregulation in hepatic Keap-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1and limited the elevation of TNF-α and TGF-β concentrations in aging liver. Histopathol., SFN decreased the intensity of hepatic fibrous proliferation in D-Gal-induced aging. In conclusion, SFN has shown hepatic anti-aging potential through promoting the antioxidant machinery via regulating Keap-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1 and antioxidant enzyme activities as well as ameliorating oxidative stress, hampering the inflammatory cytokines; TNF-α and TGF-β, and limiting hepatic fibrosis in a dose dependent manner.

European Journal of Pharmacology published new progress about Blood serum. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Patnode, Michael L. published the artcileInterspecies competition impacts targeted manipulation of human gut bacteria by fiber-derived glycans, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is human gut bacteria Bacteroides dietary fiber glycan; biosensors; community ecology; interspecies competition; microbiota-directed foods; polysaccharide utilization.

Development of microbiota-directed foods (MDFs) that selectively increase the abundance of beneficial human gut microbes, and their expressed functions, requires knowledge of both the bioactive components of MDFs and the mechanisms underlying microbe-microbe interactions. Here, gnotobiotic mice were colonized with a defined consortium of human-gut-derived bacterial strains and fed different combinations of 34 food-grade fibers added to a representative low-fiber diet consumed in the United States. Bioactive carbohydrates in fiber preparations targeting particular Bacteroides species were identified using community-wide quant. proteomic analyses of bacterial gene expression coupled with forward genetic screens. Deliberate manipulation of community membership combined with administration of retrievable artificial food particles, consisting of paramagnetic microscopic beads coated with dietary polysaccharides, disclosed the contributions of targeted species to fiber degradation Our approach, including the use of bead-based biosensors, defines nutrient-harvesting strategies that underlie, as well as alleviate, competition between Bacteroides and control the selectivity of MDF components.

Cell (Cambridge, MA, United States) published new progress about Bacteroides. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guo, Ciliang published the artcileIsolation and structure characterization of a polysaccharide from Crataegus pinnatifida and its bioactivity on gut microbiota, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Crataegus Bacteroides Bifidobacterium polysaccharide short chain fatty acid; Bacteria competition; Crataegus pinnatifida; Gut microbiota; Polysaccharide; Short chain fatty acid.

A glucose rich heteroglycan named HAW1-2 was isolated and purified from fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, DEAE-cellulose anion exchange and gel permeation chromatog. HAW1-2 was proved as a homogenous polysaccharide with a mol. weight (Mw) of 8.94 kDa. Monosaccharide composition results indicated that HAW1-2 was composed of arabinose, galactose and glucose. Methylation anal. and NMR spectrum showed that HAW1-2 contained â†?)-β-D-Glcp-(1â†? â†?)-β-D-Galp-(1â†? α-L-Araf-(1â†? â†?)-α-L-Araf-(1â†? β-D-Glcp-(1â†?and â†?,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1â†? Bioactivity test showed that HAW1-2 could significantly promote the growth of Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (BT), Bacteroides ovatus (BO) and Bifidobacterium longum (BL), which showed competition with the Bacteroides spp. under co-culture. Interestingly, Bacteroides spp. generated more acetic acids and propionic acids while BL only generated acetic acids. These results imply that polysaccharide HAW1-2 may be useful for human by modulating intestinal bacteria and producing short chain fatty acids.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Bacteroides. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Han, Rui published the artcileIn vitro digestibility and prebiotic activities of a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria Lemaneiformis, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Gracilaria in vitro digestibility sulfated polysaccharide fermentation.

The study explored the changes of a sulfated polysaccharide (SP) from Gracilaria Lemaneiformis during simulated human digestive system. The results showed SP was scarcely degraded without significant difference. Moreover, the results of fermentation in vitro indicated 53.7% of SP were utilized by gut microbiota with the mol. weight decreasing by 59.41% at 48 h. Meanwhile, 50.07 ± 2.82 mM of short chain fatty acids were produced in culture medium. Besides, in contrast with the regulation of galacto-oligosaccharide sacrificing diversity and richness of community, SP could regulate the composition of microbiota in a mild way. What’s more, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most sensitive phyla responding to changes of pH values in this study. And Sutterella, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004, Desulfovibrio and Bacteroides were dominant genera for degrading and utilizing SP. Furthermore, the metagenomic function characteristics of microbes might be changed by SP. Thus, SP could be a potential prebiotic.

Journal of Functional Foods published new progress about Bacteroides. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guo, Rui published the artcileMolecular properties and structural characterization of an alkaline extractable arabinoxylan from hull-less barley bran, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is arabinoxylan hulless barley bran; Arabinoxylan; Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.; Hull-less barley bran; Methylation analysis; Molecular properties; NMR analysis.

An alk. extractable arabinoxylan (HBAX-25) was fractionated from crude arabinoxylan (HBAX) obtained optimally in hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) bran. Mol. properties and structural characterization of HBAX-25 were investigated thoroughly based on chem. composition of 8.31% (weight/weight) moisture and 87.57% (weight/weight) sugar with specifically few proteins (1.08%, weight/weight) and high arabinoxylans (82.46%, weight/weight). Data from monosaccharide composition indicated that HBAX-25 mainly consisted of arabinose (30.13 mol%) and xylose (51.55 mol%) with A/X ratio of 0.58, representative for arabinoxylans, which coincided with FT-IR results and was corroborated by methylation and NMR analyses, i.e., a relatively low-branched arabinoxylan composed of un-substituted (1,4-linked β-D-Xylp, 71.19%), mono-substituted (1,3,4-linked β-D-Xylp, 14.78%) and di-substituted (1,2,3,4-linked β-D-Xylp, 10.76%) xylose units as backbone via β-(1â†?) linkages, with six possible branches or individuals included. Hence, a structural basis of HBAX-25 was established, which could have potential in food and other value-added applications capable of interpreting their physicochem., functional and technol. characteristics.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Barley bran. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gao, Xin published the artcileProtective effects of Ulva pertusa polysaccharide and polysaccharide-iron (III) complex on cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in mice, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is Ulva polysaccharide iron cyclophosphamide immunosuppression protective effect; Cyclophosphamide; Immunomodulatory; Polysaccharide; Polysaccharide‑iron (III) complex; Ulva pertusa.

A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from marine green algae Ulva pertusa and then chelated with iron to prepare the polysaccharide-iron (III) complex. The immunomodulatory activities of sulfated polysaccharide and polysaccharide-iron (III) complex were investigated through a mice immune-deficiency model. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) was utilized to establish mice immunodeficiency model. Both polysaccharide and polysaccharide-iron (III) complex were proved to promote the proliferation of lymphocyte and enhance the activities of mice macrophages. In mice serum, the levels of cytokines including TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10 restored and the contents of hemolysin were also found elevated after treatment with polysaccharide and its iron complex. Besides, it has been shown that both polysaccharide and polysaccharide-iron (III) complex increased the contents of Hb, RBC and HCT in mice blood, and the effect of iron complex was better. All these results suggested that Ulva pertusa polysaccharide could be developed as a healthy function food. It was also noteworthy that the polysaccharide-iron (III) complex showed no neg. effect upon the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide. Instead, the polysaccharide-iron (III) complex showed excellent hematopoietic capacity perhaps due to the supplement of iron.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Blood serum. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts