Category: 59-23-4

Rasmussen, Shauna A. published the artcileA galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase-null rat model of classic galactosemia mimics relevant patient outcomes and reveals tissue-specific and longitudinal differences in galactose metabolism, Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is GALT mutation cognition galactosemia animal behavior metabolism; GALT; cognitive; galactosemia; metabolite; model; rat.

Classic galactosemia (CG) is a potentially lethal inborn error of metabolism, if untreated, that results from profound deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), the middle enzyme of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism While newborn screening and rapid dietary restriction of galactose prevent or resolve the potentially lethal acute symptoms of CG, by mid-childhood, most treated patients experience significant complications. The mechanisms underlying these long-term deficits remain unclear. Here we introduce a new GALT-null rat model of CG and demonstrate that these rats display cataracts, cognitive, motor, and growth phenotypes reminiscent of patients outcomes. We further apply the GALT-null rats to test how well blood biomarkers, typically followed in patients, reflect metabolic perturbations in other, more relevant tissues. Our results document that the relative levels of galactose metabolites seen in GALT deficiency differ widely by tissue and age, and that red blood cell Gal-1P, the marker most commonly followed in patients, shows no significant association with Gal-1P in other tissues. The work reported here establishes our outbred GALT-null rats as an effective model for at least four complications characteristic of CG, and sets the stage for future studies addressing mechanism and testing the efficacy of novel candidate interventions.

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease published new progress about Biomarkers. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Maixnerova, Dita published the artcileGalactose-deficient IgA1 and the corresponding IgG autoantibodies predict IgA nephropathy progression, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is galactose deficiency serum IgA nephropathy progression IgG autoantibody.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, has serious outcomes with end-stage renal disease developing in 30-50% of patients. The diagnosis requires renal biopsy. Due to its inherent risks, non-invasive approaches are needed. Methods: We evaluated 91 Czech patients with biopsy-proven IgAN who were assessed at time of diagnosis for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and hypertension, and then followed prospectively. Serum samples collected at diagnosis were analyzed for galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) using new native-IgA1 and established neuraminidase-treated-IgA1 tests, Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies, discriminant anal. and logistic regression model assessed correlations with renal function and Oxford classification (MEST score). Results: Serum levels of native (P <0.005) and neuraminidase-treated (P <0.005) Gd-IgA1 were associated with the rate of eGFR decline. A higher relative degree of galactose deficiency in native serum IgA1 predicted a faster eGFR decline and poor renal survival (P <0.005). However, Gd-IgA1 has not differentiated patients with low vs. high baseline eGFR. Furthermore, patients with high baseline eGFR that was maintained during follow-up were characterized by low serum levels of Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Including levels of native and neuraminidase-treated Gd-IgA1 and Gd-IgA1-specific autoantibodies at diagnosis may aid in the prognostication of disease progression in Czech patients with IgAN. Future tests will assess utility of these biomarkers in larger patients cohorts from geog. distinct areas. PLoS One published new progress about Biomarkers. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sharma, Mamta published the artcileNovel electrochemical sensing of galactose using GalOxNPs/CHIT modified pencil graphite electrode, Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is galactose oxidase nanoparticle chitosan electrode biosensor galactose baby food; Better; Biosensor; Chitosan; Galactose; Nanoparticle.

For the construction of galactose biosensor, chitosan was electropolymerised onto the pencil graphite electrode. This chitosan modified pencil graphite electrode acts as good matrix for immobilization of enzyme nanoparticles of galactose oxidase. Development of this nanocomposite was further confirmed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and SEM. The presence of chitosan makes the present galactose biosensor more efficient, reproducible and stable. The sensitivity was reported 7 × 10-3 mA/mM/cm2 with linear range from 0.05 to 25 mM and better detection limit of 0.05 mM. When the solution of galactose was spiked with 0.5 mM and 1 mM, the anal. recoveries were found 98.6% and 97.6%. A better storage stability was achieved (90days) when compared to earlier reported biosensors.

Carbohydrate Research published new progress about Biosensors. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Kai published the artcileClinical Significance of Galactose-Deficient IgA1 by KM55 in Patients with IgA Nephropathy, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is IgA1 KM55 monoclonal antibody diagnosis IgA nephropathy; Complement activation; Galactose-deficient IgA1; IgA nephropathy; KM55 antibody.

Background: Aberrant galactose-deficient IgA1 mols. (Gd-IgA1) are important causal factors in IgA nephropathy (IgAN); however, the detection of Gd-IgA1 in IgAN is complicated and instable. A monoclonal antibody, KM55, which specifically recognizes Gd-IgA1 has been developed. In the present study, we further explored the clin. significance of Gd-IgA1 using KM55. Methods: In this study, we enrolled 75 patients with IgAN and 80 healthy controls and detected the plasma Gd-IgA1 levels using the KM55 ELISA method. We also stained -mesangial Gd-IgA1 deposition using KM55. Results: We observed that the levels of plasma Gd-IgA1 in IgAN patients were elevated compared to the corresponding levels of healthy controls. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the median of Gd-IgA1. Patients with high Gd-IgA1 levels had significantly higher levels of uric acid (UA) and IgA. The other clin. manifestations demonstrated that there were no differences in age, sex, blood pressure, initial proteinuria, hematuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate and Oxford pathol. classification between the 2 groups of patients. In addition, pos. correlations were observed between Gd-IgA1 and Bb, C3a, C4d and MAC. Mesangial Gd-IgA1 was pos. in IgAN but neg. in the normal renal tissue adjacent to neoplasm. We next analyzed the correlation between plasma Gd-IgA1 and mesangial Gd-IgA1 deposition. The results showed that a high level of plasma Gd-IgA1 was related to the deposition of mesangial Gd-IgA1, although the difference was not significant. Conclusion: We verified the elevated level of plasma and -mesangial Gd-IgA1 in patients with IgAN by KM55, which provided an alternative, easy, and reliable tool for diagnosis and activity assessment of IgAN. The level of plasma Gd-IgA1 pos. correlated with levels of UA, total IgA levels, and complement activation products.

Kidney & Blood Pressure Research published new progress about Age groups. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

LaBella, Abigail Leavitt published the artcileSignatures of optimal codon usage in metabolic genes inform budding yeast ecology, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is optimal codon metabolic gene budding yeast ecol.

Reverse ecol. is the inference of ecol. information from patterns of genomic variation. One rich, heretofore underutilized, source of ecol. relevant genomic information is codon optimality or adaptation. Bias toward codons that match the tRNA pool is robustly associated with high gene expression in diverse organisms, suggesting that codon optimization could be used in a reverse ecol. framework to identify highly expressed, ecol. relevant genes. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between optimal codon usage in the classic galactose metabolism (GAL) pathway and known ecol. niches for 329 species of budding yeasts, a diverse subphylum of fungi. We find that optimal codon usage in the GAL pathway is pos. correlated with quant. growth on galactose, suggesting that GAL codon optimization reflects increased capacity to grow on galactose. Optimal codon usage in the GAL pathway is also pos. correlated with human-associated ecol. niches in yeasts of the CUG-Ser1 clade and with dairy-associated ecol. niches in the family Saccharomycetaceae. For example, optimal codon usage of GAL genes is greater than 85% of all genes in the genome of the major human pathogen Candida albicans (CUG-Ser1 clade) and greater than 75% of genes in the genome of the dairy yeast Kluyveromyces lactis (family Saccharomycetaceae). We further find a correlation between optimization in the GALactose pathway genes and several genes associated with nutrient sensing and metabolism This work suggests that codon optimization harbors information about the metabolic ecol. of microbial eukaryotes. This information may be particularly useful for studying fungal dark matter-species that have yet to be cultured in the lab or have only been identified by genomic material.

PLoS Biology published new progress about Adaptation. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Yanmin published the artcileStructural characterization and antioxidant activities of one neutral polysaccharide and three acid polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba cv. Hamidazao: A comparison, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Ziziphus Hamidazao neutral acid polysaccharide antioxidant anticancer agent; liver cancer; Antioxidant; Comparison; Polysaccharide; Structural characterization; Ziziphus jujuba cv. Hamidazao.

A neutral polysaccharide (HJP-1a) and three acid polysaccharides (HJP-2, HJP-3 and HJP-4) were obtained from Z. jujuba cv. Hamidazao. HJP-1a was mainly composed of arabinose and galactose in a ratio of 56.9:20.0, with an average mol. weight of 3.115 x 104 g/mol. HJP-2, HJP-3 and HJP-4 were homogeneous heteropolysaccharides mainly containing galacturonic acid, arabinose and galactose, with average mol. weights of 4.590 x 104, 6.986 x 104 and 1.951 x 105 g/mol, resp. Structural characterization indicated that the backbone of HJP-3 appeared to be mainly composed of →4-alpha-D-GalpA (1→ and →2,4)-alpha-L-Rhap (1→ residues with some branches consisting of →5)-alha-L-Araf 1→ residues and terminals of T-alpha-L-Araf 1→ and T-beta-D-Galp residues. The four purified fractions displayed dose-dependent radical scavenging activity on ABTS+ radicals and reducing capacity, as well as excellent protective effect on H2O2-induced HepG2 cells and metronidazole-damaged zebrafish embryos, especially HJP-2 in vitro and HJP-1a in vivo. Therefore, the polysaccharides from Z. jujuba cv. Hamidazao could be used as a potential antioxidant in functional foods.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Absorption. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gu, ShuangShuang published the artcileStructural characterization and inhibitions on α-glucosidase and α-amylase of alkali-extracted water-soluble polysaccharide from Annona squamosa residue, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Annona squamosa alpha glucosidase amylase polysaccharide structural characterization; Alkaline-extraction polysaccharide; Inhibitory on α-glucosidase and α-amylase; Structure analysis.

A novel acidic polysaccharide, named as AWPA, was extracted form Annona squamosa residue by 0.1 M NaOH alk. solution and purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150. HPLC anal. indicated that AWPA was a homogeneous polysaccharide with mol. weight of 3.08 x 103 kDa. The monosaccharide composition of AWPA, determined by ion chromatog., was consisted of L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galacturonic acid in a percentage of 15.58:13.48:60.14:9.02:1.78, resp. The results of FT-IR, methylation and NMR showed that the sugar residue of AWPA were mainly composed ofα-L-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Galp(1→,→3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, resp). The Congo red experiment on AWPA showed that there was helix conformation. The microstructure of AWPA was detected by SEM, showing that the shape of AWPA was reticular and its structure was irregular. AWPA had effectively α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.667 mg/mL and 1.360 mg/mL, resp. The inhibitory effects of AWPA on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were both reversible with mixed type and competitive type competition, resp. The significance of manuscript was not only to avoid the waste of Annona squamosa residue, but provided alternative in the developments of inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Absorption. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rozi, Parhat published the artcileIsolationscharacterizations and bioactivities of polysaccharides from the seeds of three species Glycyrrhiza, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is Glycyrrhiza seed polysaccharide bioactivity; Antioxidant activity; Characterization; Glycyrrhiza; Polysaccharide.

In this paper, polysaccharides from the seeds of three species of genus Glycyrrhiza were extracted to investigate the physicochem. properties, structural characteristics and antioxidant activities. The polysaccharides were composed of xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose with different molar ratio. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy showed the presence of key functional groups of polysaccharides whereas SEM anal. revealed the characteristic morphol. of different polysaccharides, and thermogravimetric anal. exhibited good thermal stability of all samples. The antioxidant activities of polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. All the three polysaccharides demonstrated strong reducing power, as well as scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl free radicals. Antioxidant assays indicated that all the polysaccharides have obvious antioxidant activities and possess a potential development and application value in food, cosmetics as well as pharmaceutical industries.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Absorption. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Yun published the artcileGinger polysaccharides induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is hepatocellular carcinoma cell cycle arrest apoptosis polysaccharide; Apoptosis; Cell cycle arrest; Ginger polysaccharide.

In this study, ginger polysaccharide (GP) was obtained from ginger by enzymic method, its chem. properties and antitumor activity were investigated. The results indicated that the composition and proportion of GP were L-rhamnose, D-arabinose, D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose in a molar ratio of 3.64:5.37:3.04:61.03:26.91, GP had the characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide. Congo red experiment showed that GP had a triple helix structure, which could have anti-tumor effect. Furthermore, MTT assay, cell morphol. observation, nuclear morphol. observation and reactive oxygen species observation demonstrated that GP had significant antitumor effect. Flow cytometry suggested that GP could promote apoptosis and arrest cells in G0-G1 phase. Real-time fluorescence quantification and Western blot revealed that GP could up-regulate the expression of Bax, Fas, FasL, caspase-3, p21 and p53, and down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2. These studies suggested that GP would be used as an antitumor drug in foods to promote the development of functional foods.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Absorption. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Balakrishnan, Bijina published the artcileNovel mRNA-Based Therapy Reduces Toxic Galactose Metabolites and Overcomes Galactose Sensitivity in a Mouse Model of Classic Galactosemia, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is galactose GALT mutation fibroblast galactosemia; GALT; IEM; POI; ataxia; classic galactosemia; galactose toxicity; galactose-1 phosphate; galactose-1 phosphate uridylyltransferase; inborn errors of metabolism; mRNA therapy; primary ovarian insufficiency; speech dyspraxia.

Classic galactosemia (CG) is a potentially lethal inborn error of galactose metabolism that results from deleterious mutations in the human galactose-1 phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) gene. Previously, we constructed a GalT-/- (GalT-deficient) mouse model that exhibits galactose sensitivity in the newborn mutant pups, reduced fertility in adult females, impaired motor functions, and growth restriction in both sexes. In this study, we tested whether restoration of hepatic GALT activity alone could decrease galactose-1 phosphate (gal-1P) and plasma galactose in the mouse model. The administration of different doses of mouse GalT (mGalT) mRNA resulted in a dose-dependent increase in mGalT protein expression and enzyme activity in the liver of GalT-deficient mice. Single i.v. (i.v.) dose of human GALT (hGALT) mRNA decreased gal-1P in mutant mouse liver and red blood cells (RBCs) within 24 h with low levels maintained for over a week. Repeated i.v. injections increased hepatic GalT expression, nearly normalized gal-1P levels in liver, and decreased gal-1P levels in RBCs and peripheral tissues throughout all doses. Moreover, repeated dosing reduced plasma galactose by 60% or more throughout all four doses. Addnl., a single i.p. dose of hGALT mRNA overcame the galactose sensitivity and promoted the growth in a GalT-/- newborn pup.

Molecular Therapy published new progress about Erythrocyte. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts