Category: 59-23-4

Liu, Xuegui published the artcileStructural characteristics of Medicago Sativa L. Polysaccharides and Se-modified polysaccharides as well as their antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is Medicago selenium polysaccharide structure antioxidant neuroprotective activity; Antioxidant activity; Neuroprotective activity; Selenium polysaccharide.

Medicago Sativa L., a nutrient-rich plant used as feed for cattle and sheep, is widely planted globally. This study investigated the structural characteristics and activities of three kinds of novel polysaccharides (APS1, APS2 and APS3) isolated from the stems of M. sativa as well as its two selenium modified products (Se-APS2 and Se-APS3). APS1 (Mw = 13.4 KDa) and APS2 (Mw = 11.2 KDa) were composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose and galactose with different molar ratio, APS3 (Mw = 18.6 KDa) was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, fructose, mannose and galactose. All APS1-3 contained 1 → 3 : 1 → 6 : 1 → 4 : 1 → 2 glycosidic bonds in a ratio of 0.74:0.09:0.05:0.12, 0.34:0.20:0.36:0.10 and 0.63:0.17:0.06:0.14, resp. The selenium content of Se-APS2 (Mw = 9.0 KDa) and Se-APS3 (Mw = 10.2 KDa) were 1.05 and 2.57μg/mg, resp. Their surface morphol. and thermal stability were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal anal. (TGA), resp. Further, the antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of the three natural polysaccharides and two Se-polysaccharides were studied. Interestingly, Se-polysaccharides not only exhibited higher antioxidant activity, but also higher neuroprotective activity compared to natural polysaccharides.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Alfalfa. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Chen published the artcileExtract methods, molecular characteristics, and bioactivities of polysaccharide from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is Medicago polysaccharide bioactivity; compositions; glycosidic linkage; immunomodulation; molecular weight; polysaccharide.

The polysaccharide isolated from alfalfa was considered to be a kind of macromol. with some biol. activities; however, its mol. structure and effects on immune cells are still unclear. The objectives of this study were to explore the extraction and purifying methods of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) polysaccharide (APS) and decipher its composition and mol. characteristics, as well as its activation to lymphocytes. The crude polysaccharides isolated from alfalfa by water extraction and alc. precipitation methods were purified by semipermeable membrane dialysis. Five batches of alfalfa samples were obtained from five farms (one composite sample per farm) and three replicates were conducted for each sample in determination The results from ion chromatog. (IC) anal. showed that the APS was composed of fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid (GalA), and glucuronic acid (GlcA) with a molar ratio of 2.6:8.0:4.7:21.3:3.2:1.0:74.2:14.9. The weight-average mol. weight (Mw), number-average mol. weight (Mn), and Z-average mol. weight (Mz) of APS were calculated to be 3.30 × 106, 4.06 × 105, and 1.43 × 108 g/mol, resp., according to the anal. by gel permeation chromatog.-refractive index-multiangle laser light scattering (GPC-RI-MALS). The findings of electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) suggest that APS consists of seven linkage residues, namely 1,5-Araf, galactose (T-D-Glc), glucose (T-D-Gal), 1,4-Gal-Ac, 1,4-Glc, 1,6-Gal, and 1,3,4-GalA, with molar proportions of 10.30%, 4.02%, 10.28%, 52.29%, 17.02%, 3.52%, and 2.57%, resp. Addnl., APS markedly increased B-cell proliferation and IgM secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner but not the proliferation and cytokine (IL-2, -4, and IFN-γ) expression of T cells. Taken together, the present results suggest that APS are macromol. polymers with a molar mass (indicated by Mw) of 3.3 × 106 g/mol and may be a potential candidate as an immunopotentiating pharmaceutical agent or functional food.

Nutrients published new progress about Alfalfa. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Padmanabhan, Aparna published the artcileStructural characterization of exopolysaccharide from Streptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Streptococcus exopolysaccharide purification dialysis; exopolysaccharide; glycosyl linkage; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); structure.

In this study, we purified and characterized exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by a high-EPS-producing dairy starter bacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275. Crude EPS was extracted from S. thermophilus ASCC 1275 and partially purified using dialysis. Further purification and fractionation of exopolysaccharide was conducted using HPLC on a Superose 6 column (Cytiva/Global Life Sciences Solutions, Marlborough, MA). Glycosyl composition anal., linkage anal. along with 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy were performed to deduce the structure of EPS. Three fractions (F) obtained from gel permeation chromatog. were termed F1 (2.6%), F2 (45.8%), and F3 (51.6%) with average mol. weights of approx. 511, 40, and 5 kDa, resp. Monosaccharide composition anal. revealed the dominance of glucose, galactose, and mannose in all 3 fractions. Major linkages observed in F3 were terminal galactopyranosyl (t-Gal), 3-linked glucopyranosyl (3-Glc), 3-linked galactofuranosyl (3-Galf), and 3,6-linked glucopyranosyl (3,6-Glc) and major linkages present in F2 were 4-Glc (48 mol%), followed by terminal mannopyranosyl (t-Man), 2- + 3-linked mannopyranosyl (2-Man+3-Man), and 2,6-linked mannopyranosyl (2,6-Man; total ∼28 mol%). The 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy revealed that F2 comprised mannans linked by (1→2) linkages and F3 consisted of linear chains of α-D-glucopyranosyl (α-D-Glcp), β-D-glucopyranosyl (β-D-Glcp), and β-D-galactofuranosyl (β-D-Galf) connected by (1→3) linkages; branching was through (1→6) linkage in F3. A possible structure of EPS in F2 and F3 was proposed.

Journal of Dairy Science published new progress about Dialysis. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Miranda, Bruna M. published the artcileA galactose-rich heteropolysaccharide extracted from “”jaboticaba”” (Plinia cauliflora) peels, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is jaboticaba Plinia cauliflora galactose; Arabinogalactan; GC/MS chromatography; Relative viscosity; Rheology.

The objective of this work was to extract, identify and characterize a galactose-rich heteropolysaccharide (GH) from “”jaboticaba”” peel. The best conditions to extract the GH according to a 23 full-factorial expremental design were 90°C/30 min/pH 1.0, resulting in a 32.32% yield using lyophilized sample. The chem. structure analyzed by GC/MS and NMR spectra (HSQC/HSQC-TOCSY) showed that the main chain of GH consists of a (1→4) galactoside branched at carbon 3, containing galactose (67.21%), glucose (15.78%), arabinose (9.78%), rhamnose (2.26%) and traces of esterified and non-esterified uronic acids. Rheol studies revealed that GH suspensions behave as a Newtonian fluid, with calculated mol. mass of 1.48 x 105 Da. The abstract viscosity of 1% (w/v) aq suspension of GH decreased from 25 mPa s to 10 mPa s in NaCl and 7 mPa s in CaCl2, indicating the polyelectrolyte character of GH.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Behavior. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Xue published the artcilePlasma galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 and loss of kidney function in patients with immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is human plasma galactose IgA vasculitis nephritis kidney function; IgA nephropathy; IgA vasculitis nephritis; galactose-deficient IgA1; kidney disease progression.

IgA (IgA) vasculitis nephritis (IgAV-N) is the most common secondary IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Many studies have demonstrated that galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the IgA1 hinge region is associated with the development and also progression of primary IgAN. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the roles of Gd-IgA1 in kidney disease progression in a large Chinese cohort of IgAV-N patients. This cohort study enrolled 112 patients with IgAVN, 15 patients with IgA vasculitis (IgAV) without kidney involvement and 108 patients with IgAN. Plasma IgA1 and Gd- IgA1 levels at kidney biopsy were measured by ELISA. The primary endpoint was a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage renal disease or death. The levels of Gd-IgA1 in IgAV-N and IgAN patients were higher than in healthy controls (mean±SD, 302.86±54.93 U/mL vs. 303.16±59.43 U/mL vs. 281.30±43.74 U/mL, resp.; P = 0.047), as well as compared with those with IgAV without kidney involvement (272.65±53.14 U/mL; P = 0.036). After adjusting clin. data, higher levels of Gd-IgA1 were found to be independently associated with a greater risk for kidney failure [hazard ratio (HR)=1.703 per 1 SD, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.233-2.352; P = 0.001]. Compared with the first Gd-IgA1 quartile group (as reference), the fourth Gd-IgA1 quartile group retained a predictive value for poor renal outcome (HR = 3.740, 95% CI 1.204-11.619; P = 0.023). These data indicate that Gd-IgA1 levels were similarly elevated in adult patients with IgAN and those with IgAV-N. Moreover, increased Gd-IgA1 levels were associated with both the development and progression of IgAV-N, as observed in IgAN.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation published new progress about Analysis. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zeng, Xiaotong published the artcileEffects of deproteinization methods on primary structure and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Ganoderma polysaccharide antioxidant activity primary structure deproteinization method; Antioxidant activities; Deproteinization; Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides; Primary structure.

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) as one of water-soluble polysaccharides has attracted much attention because of its bioactivities, especially antioxidant activity. Deproteinization is an essential step in the purification process of polysaccharides. In this study, three classic deproteinization methods, including neutral protease method, TCA precipitation and CaCl2 salting out, were evaluated for crude GLP processing. The methods had ability to remove proteins (71.50-87.36%), and meanwhile polysaccharide loss (8.35-11.39%) was observed Structure anal. indicated that these deproteinization methods had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on mol. weight of polysaccharides, but led to varying degrees of glycoside bond losses (1.14-64.05%). Moreover, the antioxidant activities of deproteinized polysaccharides were measured in vitro by hydroxyl radical, reducing power, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power tests. Purified GLP by enzymolysis maintained the strongest antioxidants activities with the retention rate of over 47.40%, and its deproteinization efficiency and polysaccharide loss ratio were 74.03% and 11.39% resp. In view of relatively high purity and antioxidant activity, enzymolysis was a suitable deproteinization method for GLP production

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Angelica. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Padra, Medea published the artcileHelicobacter suis infection alters glycosylation and decreases the pathogen growth inhibiting effect and binding avidity of gastric mucins, SDS of cas: 59-23-4, the main research area is Helicobacter suis infection glycosylation gastric mucin.

Helicobacter suis is the most prevalent non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species in the human stomach and is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. H. suis colonizes the gastric mucosa of 60-95% of pigs at slaughter age, and is associated with chronic gastritis, decreased weight gain, and ulcers. Here, we show that exptl. H. suis infection changes the mucin composition and glycosylation, decreasing the amount of H. suis-binding glycan structures in the pig gastric mucus niche. Similarly, the H. suis-binding ability of mucins from H. pylori-infected humans is lower than that of noninfected individuals. Furthermore, the H. suis growth-inhibiting effect of mucins from both noninfected humans and pigs is replaced by a growth-enhancing effect by mucins from infected individuals/pigs. Thus, Helicobacter spp. infections impair the mucus barrier by decreasing the H. suis-binding ability of the mucins and by decreasing the antiprolific activity that mucins can have on H. suis. Inhibition of these mucus-based defenses creates a more stable and inhabitable niche for H. suis. This is likely of importance for long-term colonization and outcome of infection, and reversing these impairments may have therapeutic benefits.

Mucosal Immunology published new progress about Gastritis. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, SDS of cas: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stimpson, Taylor C. published the artcileXyloglucan Structure Impacts the Mechanical Properties of Xyloglucan-Cellulose Nanocrystal Layered Films-A Buckling-Based Study, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is xyloglucan cellulose nanocrystal film plant cell wall.

Interactions between polysaccharides, specifically between cellulose and hemicelluloses like xyloglucan (XG), govern the mech. properties of the plant cell wall. This work aims to understand how XG mol. weight (MW) and the removal of saccharide residues impact the elastic modulus of XG-cellulose materials. Layered sub-micrometer-thick films of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and XG were employed to mimic the structure of the plant cell wall and contained either (1) unmodified XG, (2) low MW XG produced by ultrasonication (USXG), or (3) XG with a reduced degree of galactosylation (DGXG). Their mech. properties were characterized through thermal shrinking-induced buckling. Elastic moduli of 19 ± 2, 27 ± 1, and 75 ± 6 GPa were determined for XG-CNC, USXG-CNC, and DGXG-CNC films, resp. The conformation of XG adsorbed on CNCs is influenced by MW, which impacts mech. properties. To a greater degree, partial degalactosylation, which is known to increase XG self-association and binding capacity of XG to cellulose, increases the modulus by fourfold for DGXG-CNC films compared to XG-CNC. Films were also buckled while fully hydrated by using the thermal shrinking method but applying the heat using an autoclave; the results implied that hydrated films are thicker and softer, exhibiting a lower elastic modulus compared to dry films. This work contributes to the understanding of structure-function relationships in the plant cell wall and may aid in the design of tunable biobased materials for applications in biosensing, packaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.

Biomacromolecules published new progress about Cell wall. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pfeifer, Lukas published the artcileArabinogalactan-proteins of Zostera marina L. contain unique glycan structures and provide insight into adaption processes to saline environments, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Zostera arabinogalactan protein glycan salinity.

Abstract: Seagrasses evolved from monocotyledonous land plants that returned to the marine habitat. This transition was accomplished by substantial changes in cell wall composition, revealing habitat-driven adaptation to the new environment. Whether arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), important signalling mols. of land plants, are present in seagrass cell walls is of evolutionary and plant development interest. AGPs of Zostera marina L. were isolated and structurally characterised by anal. and bioinformatics methods as well as by ELISA with different anti-AGP antibodies. Calcium-binding capacity of AGPs was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and microscopy. Bioinformatic searches of the Z. marina proteome identified 9 classical AGPs and a large number of chimeric AGPs. The glycan structures exhibit unique features, including a high degree of branching and an unusually high content of terminating 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid (4-OMe GlcA) residues. Although the common backbone structure of land plant AGPs is conserved in Z. marina, the terminating residues are distinct with high amounts of uronic acids. These differences likely result from the glycan-active enzymes (glycosyltransferases and methyltransferases) and are essential for calcium-binding properties. The role of this polyanionic surface is discussed with regard to adaptation to the marine environment.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Cell wall. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wolf, Dorina B. published the artcileNucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of murine RBPJ by Hairless protein matches that of Su(H) protein in the model system Drosophila melanogaster, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4, the main research area is murine protein nucleocytoplasmic shuttling Drosophila melanogaster; CBF1; Drosophila; Hairless, CSL; Notch signal transduction; Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport; Protein availability; RPBJ; Su(H); Transcription repression.

CSL transcription factors are central to signal transduction in the highly conserved Notch signaling pathway. CSL acts as a mol. switch: depending on the cofactors recruited, CSL induces either activation or repression of Notch target genes. Unexpectedly, CSL depends on its cofactors for nuclear entry, despite its role as gene regulator. In Drosophila, the CSL homolog Suppressor of Hairless (Su(H)), recruits Hairless (H) for repressor complex assembly, and eventually for nuclear import. We recently found that Su(H) is subjected to a dynamic nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, thereby strictly following H subcellular distribution. Hence, regulation of nuclear availability of Su(H) by H may represent a new layer of control of Notch signaling activity. Here we extended this work on the murine CSL homolog RBPJ. Using a ‘murinized’ fly model bearing RBPJwt in place of Su(H) at the endogenous locus we demonstrate that RBPJ protein likewise follows H subcellular distribution. For example, overexpression of a H*NLS3 protein variant defective of nuclear import resulted in a cytosolic localization of RBPJ protein, whereas the overexpression of a H*NES protein variant defective in the nuclear export signal caused the accumulation of RBPJ protein in the nucleus. Evidently, RBPJ is exported from the nucleus as well. Overall these data demonstrate that in our fly model, RBPJ is subjected to H-mediated nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling as is Su(H). These data raise the possibility that nuclear availability of mammalian CSL proteins is likewise restricted by cofactors, and may hence present a more general mode of regulating Notch signaling activity.

Hereditas (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Cytoplasm. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts