Category: 59-23-4

Yang, Haihong published the artcileDegradation models, structure, rheological properties and protective effects on erythrocyte hemolysis of the polysaccharides from Ribes nigrum L, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Ribes nigrum polysaccharide structure rheol erythrocyte hemolysis protective effect; Blackcurrant polysaccharide; Degradation model; Erythrocyte hemolysis; Rheological properties; Structure; Ultrasonic treatment.

The polysaccharides from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) fruits were degraded by ultrasonic irradiation Results showed that viscosity-average mol. weight decreased with increasing ultrasonic time or power. The degradation was fitted to the second-order kinetics model and midpoint chain scission model. Gas chromatog. anal. demonstrated that the native polysaccharide and three degraded polysaccharides were composed of the same monosaccharides but in different ratios. Fourier transform IR and NMR spectroscopic analyses revealed the presence of α-, β-pyranose rings and the same six sugar residues in the four blackcurrant polysaccharides. Compared to the native polysaccharide, three degraded polysaccharides displayed better rheol. properties and stronger protective effects against erythrocyte hemolysis. Collectively, the results support the potential utility of blackcurrant polysaccharides as natural antioxidants.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Black currant. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Abreu, Hellen published the artcilePolysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii: Selective extraction methodologies and their modulatory effects on THP-1 macrophages, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is mannogalactan IL1B IL10 Pleurotus immunomadulatory activity macrophage; Immunostimulatory properties; Mannogalactan; Pleurotus eryngii mushroom; Polysaccharides; β-D-glucansgg.

Polysaccharides from P. eryngii mushroom were selectively extracted using low-cost technologies (water at different conditions of temperature and pressure). Mannogalactan was the main polysaccharide in cold-water extracted fraction (CWEF), while a linear (1→6)-β-D-glucan was the main polymer in hot-water extracted fraction (HWEF). Autoclave-extracted fraction (AEF) contained a mixture of at least four different α- and β-glucans. The report of linear (1→6)-β-glucan and linear (1→3)-β-glucan is a new finding for P. eryngii fruiting bodies. The immunostimulatory properties of the fractions on THP-1 macrophages were studied. All fractions at 50, 250 and 500μg/mL were not cytotoxic and produced different stimulus on NO, IL-1β and IL-10 secretion by the cells. Thus, our results showed that it is possible to concentrate different P. eryngii polysaccharides in selected fractions using a simple and low-cost procedure. Since biol. effects depends on the polysaccharide structure, this technique allows the obtainment of fractions with distinct immunomodulatory activities.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Cell adhesion. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mikkelsen, Maria Dalgaard published the artcileAncient origin of fucosylated xyloglucan in charophycean green algae, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Xyloglucan cell wall Charophycean.

The charophycean green algae (CGA or basal streptophytes) are of particular evolutionary significance because their ancestors gave rise to land plants. One outstanding feature of these algae is that their cell walls exhibit remarkable similarities to those of land plants. Xyloglucan (XyG) is a major structural component of the cell walls of most land plants and was originally thought to be absent in CGA. This study presents evidence that XyG evolved in the CGA. This is based on (a) the identification of orthologs of the genetic machinery to produce XyG, (b) the identification of XyG in a range of CGA and, (c) the structural elucidation of XyG, including uronic acid-containing XyG, in selected CGA. Most notably, XyG fucosylation, a feature considered as a late evolutionary elaboration of the basic XyG structure and orthologs to the corresponding biosynthetic enzymes are shown to be present in Mesotaenium caldariorum.

Communications Biology published new progress about Cell division. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Jiang, Yuan-yuan published the artcileExtraction and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from roots of Arctium lappa L., Synthetic Route of 59-23-4, the main research area is Arctium root polysaccharide ultrasonic assisted extraction antioxidant; Antioxidant activities; Arctium lappa L.; Polysaccharides; Ultrasonic-assisted extraction.

Polysaccharides were extracted from the roots of Arctium lappa L. (ALPs) using response surface methodol. with ultrasonication. A central composition design was used to optimize extraction parameters by maximizing the polysaccharide extraction yield. The modified optimal conditions were as follows: water to raw material ratio of 31 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 158 W, extraction time of 83 min, and extraction temperature of 50°C. Furthermore, fractions of ALP40-1, ALP60-1, and ALP80-1 were obtained for chem. and antioxidant activity analyses after purification Results indicated that the three fractions had a mol. weight of 218, 178, and 60 kDa, resp., and were composed of mannose, glucose, fructose, and galactose. ALP60-1 exhibited strong scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals. These results demonstrate that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is a very effective method for extracting ALPs, and ALP60-1 is a potential novel natural antioxidant. However, further structure elucidation and in vivo experiments are required.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Arctium lappa. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

He, Shudong published the artcilePotential effects of rapeseed peptide Maillard reaction products on aging-related disorder attenuation and gut microbiota modulation in D-galactose induced aging mice, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4, the main research area is galactose aging disorder gut microbiota rapeseed peptide MRP.

As a good flavor enhancer, rapeseed peptide Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were developed, and the effects of MRPs on D-galactose induced aging Kunming mice were investigated for 6 wk with low (200 mg kg-1 day-1), medium (400 mg kg-1 day-1) and high (800 mg kg-1 day-1) doses. Compared with the natural aging group and D-galactose induced aging mice, the mice with MRP administration showed increases in body weight gain, food intake, organ indexes, feces color and urine fluorescence intensity. MRP intake significantly decreased the MDA content and elevated the activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-Px, and T-AOC in the serum and tissues of the liver, kidney and brain. Addnl., AChE activity was decreased in the brain, while Na+-K+ ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase activity increased in a dose-dependent manner, and decreasing levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were observed in the liver and kidney. Histopathol. anal. suggested an attenuation of inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and kidney without cell necrosis. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes increased in MRP groups, and the pathogenic bacteria were significantly inhibited, while some beneficial bacteria were significantly increased in the intestine. Overall, our results indicated that MRP consumption might have potential beneficial effects on postponing the aging process via reducing the oxidative stress and gut microflora modulation.

Food & Function published new progress about Bacteroidetes. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fu, Yousi published the artcileAn in vitro fermentation study on the effects of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on human intestinal microbiota from fecal microbiota transplantation donors, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is polysaccharide Dendrobium fermentation intestinal microbiota transplantation.

The current study investigated the effects of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOP) on human intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism via in vitro fermentation Following 48 h of fermentation, 63.88% ± 2.40% of the total carbohydrate in the DOP was consumed and pH decreased from 6.95 to 4.70. Meanwhile, the total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) productions significantly increased, with the major SCFA being acetic, propionic and butyric acids. 16S rRNA anal. revealed several differences in the intestinal microbiota community structure between the DOP-treatment culture and control, DOP increased the population of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria. PICRUSt functional profile prediction revealed that DOP increased the abundance of genes in amino acid and fatty acid metabolic pathways. The results of metabolites determination also showed higher amino acids and fatty acids metabolites. These results suggest that polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale have prebiotic potential and may improve gastrointestinal health.

Journal of Functional Foods published new progress about Bacteroidetes. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Angiolillo, Antonella published the artcileAltered blood levels of anti-gal antibodies in Alzheimer′s disease: a new clue to pathogenesis, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Alzheimer disease galactose antibody pathogenesis; Alzheimer’s disease; alpha-gal epitope; microbiota.

Alzheimer′s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder whose pathol. mechanisms, despite recent advances, are not fully understood. However, the deposition of beta amyloid -peptide and neuroinflammation, which is probably aggravated by dysbiotic microbiota, seem to play a key role. Anti-Gal are the most abundant xenoreactive natural antibodies. They are supposed to stem from immunization against the gut microbiota and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including multiple sclerosis. These antibodies target the alpha-Gal epitope, expressed on the terminal sugar units of glycoprotein or glycolipid of all mammals except apes, Old World monkeys and humans. The alpha-Gal is constitutively expressed in several bacteria constituting the brain microbiota, and alpha-Gal-like epitopes have been detected in gray matter, amyloid plaque, neurofibrillary tangles and corpora amylacea of the human brain, suggesting a potential link between anti-Gal and Alzheimer′s disease etiopathogenesis. For the first time, our study searched for possible alterations of anti-Gal Ig levels in Alzheimer′s disease patients. IgG and IgM blood levels were significantly lower, and IgA significantly higher in patients than in healthy subjects. These results suggest that such Igs might be implicated in Alzheimer′s disease pathogenesis and open new scenarios in the research for new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Miao, Jinhua published the artcileWnt/β-catenin/RAS signaling mediates age-related renal fibrosis and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is Wnt catenin RAS signaling human renal fibrosis mitochondrial dysfunction; Wnt/β-catenin; aging; mitochondrial dysfunction; renal fibrosis.

Renal fibrosis is the common pathol. feature in a variety of chronic kidney diseases. Aging is highly associated with the progression of renal fibrosis. Among several determinants, mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in aging. However, the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related renal fibrosis are not elucidated. Herein, we found that Wnt/β-catenin signaling and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity were upregulated in aging kidneys. Concomitantly, mitochondrial mass and functions were impaired with aging. Ectopic expression of Klotho, an antagonist of endogenous Wnt/β-catenin activity, abolished renal fibrosis in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced accelerated aging mouse model and significantly protected renal mitochondrial functions by preserving mass and diminishing the production of reactive oxygen species. In an established aging mouse model, dickkopf 1, a more specific Wnt inhibitor, and the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone restored mitochondrial mass and attenuated tubular senescence and renal fibrosis. In a human proximal tubular cell line (HKC-8), ectopic expression of Wnt1 decreased biogenesis and induced dysfunction of mitochondria, and triggered cellular senescence. Moreover, D-gal triggered the transduction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which further activated angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), and then decreased the mitochondrial mass and increased cellular senescence in HKC-8 cells and primary cultured renal tubular cells. These effects were inhibited by AT1 blocker of losartan. These results suggest inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the RAS could slow the onset of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and renal fibrosis. Taken together, our results indicate that Wnt/β-catenin/RAS signaling mediates age-related renal fibrosis and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Aging Cell published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sun, Liyang published the artcileTrehalose targets Nrf2 signal to alleviate d-galactose induced aging and improve behavioral ability, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is trehalose galactose aging behavioral ability oxidative stress senescence; Antioxidant stress; Cognitive impairment; Inflammation; Nrf2; Trehalose; d-galactose.

As an important factor leading to aging and chronic diseases, oxidative stress has become a hot research topic. Trehalose is a natural sugar widely found in many edible plants, animals and natural microorganisms, and recent studies have suggested that trehalose is an antioxidant, although its underlying mol. mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the protective mechanism of trehalose against oxidative stress-induced senescence. In the mouse model of d-galactose (D-gal) induced aging, we found that trehalose significantly reversed the learning and memory impairment caused by D-gal and improved the ability to explore unknown things, which was associated with a significant reduction in brain tissue damage. Further studies have shown that trehalose activates the expressions of downstream target genes HO-1, NQO1, SOD, GSH and CAT by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the liver. The detoxification ability of organs is increased, antioxidant enzyme activity is enhanced, lipid peroxidation is reduced, and the secretion of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, il-6 is decreased. In conclusion, trehalose play an anti-aging role by activating genes related to Nrf2 pathway.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhong, Junjie published the artcileAloin attenuates cognitive impairment and inflammation induced by D-galactose via down-regulating ERK, p38 and NF-κB signaling pathway, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is aloin cognitive impairment inflammation galactose ERK NF kappaB signaling.

Oxidative stress is considered as major culprit for neurodegenerative diseases and triggers cognitive and memory impairments. The present study mainly aimed to study the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of aloin on D-galactose (D-gal) induced ageing mice. Our results demonstrated that chronic administration of D-gal (150 mg kg-1) in mice caused spontaneous and cognitive impairments, as determined by open-field test and Morris water-maze test. Aloin treatment significantly ameliorated histopathol. damage, attenuated the microglia activation and reduced levels of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Moreover, it effectively suppressed the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased antioxidant enzymes activities. Further data showed that these protective effects were accompanied by inhibition of the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK. In conclusion, the present study suggests that aloin can ameliorate D-gal induced oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and inflammation, possibly via mediating the ERK, p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

International Immunopharmacology published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts