Category: 526-98-7

Gao, Lili published the artcileEfficient optimization of Gluconobacter oxydans based on protein scaffold-trimeric CutA to enhance the chemical structure stability of enzymes for the direct production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, Quality Control of 526-98-7, the publication is Journal of Chemistry (2020), 5429409, database is CAplus.

2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG), the direct precursor of vitamin C, is produced by a two-step fermentation route from D-sorbitol in industry. However, this route is a complicated mix-culture system which involves three bacteria. Thus, replacement of the conventional two-step fermentation process with a one-step process could be revolutionary in vitamin C industry. The one-step fermentation of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) has been achieved in our previous study; 32.4 g/L of 2-KLG production was obtained by the one-step strain G. oxydans/pGUC-tufB-sdh-GGGGS-sndh after 168 h. In this study, L-sorbose dehydrogenase (SDH) and L-sorbosone dehydrogenase (SNDH) were expressed in G. oxydans after the codon optimization. Furthermore, the trimeric protein CutA was used to improve the chem. structure stability of SDH and SNDH. The recombinant strain G. oxydans/pGUC-tufB-SH3-sdh-GGGGS-sndh-tufB-SH3lig-(GGGGS)2-cutA produced 40.3 g/L of 2-KLG after 168 h. In addition, the expression levels of the cofactor PQQ were enhanced to further improve 2-KLG production With the stepwise metabolic engineering of G. oxydans, the final 2-KLG production was improved to 42.6 g/L. The efficient one-step production of 2-KLG was achieved, and the final one-step industrial-scale production of 2-KLG is drawing near.

Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, Quality Control of 526-98-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zou, Wei published the artcileStructure, mechanism and regulation of an artificial microbial ecosystem for vitamin C production, COA of Formula: C6H10O7, the publication is Critical Reviews in Microbiology (2013), 39(3), 247-255, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. At present, the modern two-step fermentation process is one of the major approaches for the industrial production of vitamin C. The key step in this process is the conversion of L-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG), the vitamin C precursor, which is accomplished by an artificial microbial ecosystem consisting of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and Bacillus megaterium. This review describes current progress in understanding this ecosystem, not only the individual physiol. characteristics of the two strains, but also the interactions between them. Special emphasis is placed on recent systems biol. studies of the ecosystem. We also discuss the regulation and improvement of this ecosystem, including anal. of the fermentation medium components and genetic engineering and optimum fermentative strategies. Finally, perspectives on the knowledge and engineering of this important artificial microbial ecosystem are discussed.

Critical Reviews in Microbiology published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C20H17FO4S, COA of Formula: C6H10O7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Cai-Yun published the artcileIdentification and validation of four novel promoters for gene engineering with broad suitability across species, Recommanded Product: (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, the publication is Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (2021), 31(8), 1154-1162, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The transcriptional capacities of target genes are strongly influenced by promoters, whereas few studies have focused on the development of robust, high-performance and cross-species promoters for wide application in different bacteria. In this work, four novel promoters (Pk.rtufB, Pk.r1, Pk.r2, and Pk.r3) were predicted from Ketogulonicigenium robustum and their inconsistency in the -10 and -35 region nucleotide sequences indicated they were different promoters. Their activities were evaluated by using green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a reporter in different species of bacteria, including K. vulgare SPU B805, Pseudomonas putida KT2440, Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222, Bacillus licheniformis and Raoultella ornithinolytica, due to their importance in metabolic engineering. Our results showed that the four promoters had different activities, with Pk.r1 showing the strongest activity in almost all of the exptl. bacteria. By comparison with the commonly used promoters of E. coli (tufB, lac, lacUV5), K. vulgare (Psdh, Psndh) and P. putida KT2440 (JE111411), the four promoters showed significant differences due to only 12.62% nucleotide similarities, and relatively higher ability in regulating target gene expression. Further validation experiments confirmed their ability in initiating the target minCD cassette because of the shape changes under the promoter regulation. The overexpression of sorbose dehydrogenase and cytochrome c551 by Pk.r1 and Pk.r2 resulted in a 22.75% enhancement of 2-KGA yield, indicating their potential for practical application in metabolic engineering. This study demonstrates an example of applying bioinformatics to find new biol. components for gene operation and provides four novel promoters with broad suitability, which enriches the usable range of promoters to realize accurate regulation in different genetic backgrounds.xxxxxxxxxxxxx.

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C12H10O4S, Recommanded Product: (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zou, Wei published the artcileReview on the application of genome-based approaches on the vitamin C producing industrial strains, Recommanded Product: (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, the publication is Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue (2012), 31(5), 513-521, database is CAplus.

A review with 40 references Vitamin C is one of the main fermentation products in China and its annual production accounts for more than 80% of total yields in the world. It is manufactured by a two-step fermentation process, which uses two fermentation steps to transform L-sorbose into 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, the precursor of vitamin C. This paper reviews the latest progress that has been achieved to study the key problems existing in the two-step fermentation process with emphasis on the important role played by the genome-based system biol. approaches during this process. Further, certain suggestions on how to improve the productivity of other fermentation products are also provided in this paper.

Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C20H17FO4S, Recommanded Product: (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhu, Yibo published the artcileSporulation and spore stability of Bacillus megaterium enhance Ketogulonigenium vulgare propagation and 2-keto-L-gulonic acid biosynthesis, Product Details of C6H10O7, the publication is Bioresource Technology (2012), 399-404, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Bacillus spp. is widely used as the companion bacterium in the two-step biosynthesis of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG), which is the direct precursor in the production of vitamin C by Ketogulonigenium vulgare. To understand the effects of sporulation and spore stability on 2-KLG production, the spo0A and spoVFA deletion mutants of Bacillus megaterium were constructed. The sorbose conversion rates of spo0A and spoVFA mutant co-culture systems were 33% and 70% lower, resp., than that of the wild-type co-culture system. In addition, K. vulgare cell numbers in the two mutant systems declined by 15% and 49%, resp., compared to the value in the wild-type system. Correlation anal. indicated that the 2-KLG concentration is pos. related to sorbose dehydrogenase activity and the K. vulgare cell number This study demonstrated that sporulation and spore stability of the wild-type companion play key roles in the enhancement of K. vulgare propagation and 2-KLG biosynthesis.

Bioresource Technology published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C38H74Cl2N2O4, Product Details of C6H10O7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhu, Yibo published the artcileA high throughput method to screen companion bacterium for 2-keto-L-gulonic acid biosynthesis by co-culturing Ketogulonicigenium vulgare, COA of Formula: C6H10O7, the publication is Process Biochemistry (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2012), 47(9), 1428-1432, database is CAplus.

Bacillus megaterium is widely used as companion bacterium in the two-step biosynthesis of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) by Ketogulonicigenium vulgare. To screen efficiently target companion strains from large numbers of random mutants, a screen method based on spectrophotometry and 24-well microtiter plates was developed and validated on an integrated library of 450 transposon random insertional mutants and two sporulation-defective mutants. The co-culture processes were classified into three groups (low, intermediate and high performance) by K-mean clustering anal. In addition, mutant m71 was successfully screened out from the library. The substrate conversion ratio of m71 and K. vulgare co-culture process after 72 h was decreased by about 38% compared with that of the wild-type co-culture process in 750 mL flasks. These results indicated that the proposed high throughput method is feasible for screening target companions for the co-culture process of 2-KLG biosynthesis.

Process Biochemistry (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C38H74Cl2N2O4, COA of Formula: C6H10O7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Quan, Wei published the artcileMetabolic perturbations and health impact from exposure to a combination of multiple harmful Maillard reaction products on Sprague-Dawley rats, Computed Properties of 526-98-7, the publication is Food & Function (2022), 13(10), 5515-5527, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic perturbations and health impact of the co-accumulation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs), including acrylamide, harmane, and Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), via serum biochem. and histopathol. examinations as well as metabolomic anal. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with acrylamide (2 mg per kg body weight [bw]), harmane (1 mg per kg bw), CML (2 mg per kg bw), and combinations of these MRPs. Harmane did not cause adverse effects on the health of rats, whereas acrylamide and CML resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) decreased insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR > 1), increased oxidative stress levels, and pathol. injuries to the pancreas, liver, and gastrocnemius. Owing to the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of harmane, the effects of the combination of the MRPs on oxidative stress levels, blood glucose metabolism, and pathol. injuries to the pancreas and gastrocnemius were relieved. However, new health problems, including pathol. injury of the kidneys and increased cancer risk, were observed Metabolomic anal. revealed that this may be related to the effects of MRPs on the arginine biosynthesis pathway, which resulted in the abnormal metabolism of fumaric acid and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results indicated that the mechanisms of the combined effect of MRPs and their effects on health cannot be predicted from the effects of individual MRPs.

Food & Function published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, Computed Properties of 526-98-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Qian published the artcileSiderophores of Bacillus pumilus promote 2-keto-L-gulonic acid production in a vitamin C microbial fermentation system, Synthetic Route of 526-98-7, the publication is Journal of Basic Microbiology (2022), 62(7), 833-842, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The precursor of vitamin C, 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG), is bio-converted from L-sorbose by a microbial consortium of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and a helper strain (Bacillus spp.). Most helper strains produce siderophores. To understand the effects of siderophores on promoting 2-KLG yield, the siderophores of Bacillus pumilus SY-A9 were purified and added to a monoculture fermentation system of K. vulgare 25B-1. The results revealed that the titer of 2-KLG reached 7.18 g/L within 60 h and increased by 71.45% when the added concentration of siderophores was 500μg/L. Moreover, the increased production of 2-KLG was accompanied by the overexpressed iron uptake system-related genes, electron transfer chain-related genes, ATP synthesis enzyme-related genes, antioxidant enzyme-related genes, and 2-KLG producing enzyme-related genes, which reduced oxidative stress and ensured the normal energy metabolism of K. vulgare 25B-1. This study demonstrated that siderophores of the helper strain play a key role in the enhancement of 2-KLG biosynthesis.

Journal of Basic Microbiology published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H4FNO3, Synthetic Route of 526-98-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lu, Xin-li published the artcileDetermination of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid in fermented broth by flow injection chemiluminescence, Synthetic Route of 526-98-7, the publication is Guangpu Shiyanshi (2013), 30(4), 1714-1717, database is CAplus.

A simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive method of flow injection chemiluminescence was developed for the determination of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) in fermented broth. This method was based on enhance effect of 2-KLG on the chemiluminescence reaction between rhodamine B and potassium permanganate in acid medium. The optimized exptl. conditions were evaluated. Under the optimum conditions, calibration curve over the range of 0.2-60 mg·L^-1 was obtained. The detection limit of this method was 0.04 g·L^-1. The relative standard deviation was 3.4% for 2.0 mg·L^-1 2-KLG. The method is applied to the determination of studied 2-KLG in fermented broth with a satisfied result.

Guangpu Shiyanshi published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, Synthetic Route of 526-98-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Cai-Yun published the artcileEstablishing an innovative carbohydrate metabolic pathway for efficient production of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid in Ketogulonicigenium robustum initiated by intronic promoters, Quality Control of 526-98-7, the publication is Microbial Cell Factories (2018), 81/1-81/14, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Background: 2-Keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KGA), the precursor of vitamin C, is currently produced by two-step fermentation In the second step, l-sorbose is transformed into 2-KGA by the symbiosis system composed of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and Bacillus megaterium. Due to the different nutrient requirements and the uncertain ratio of the two strains, the symbiosis system significantly limits strain improvement and fermentation optimization. Results: In this study, Ketogulonicigenium robustum SPU_B003 was reported for its capability to grow well independently and to produce more 2-KGA than that of K. vulgare in a mono-culture system. The complete genome of K. robustum SPU_B003 was sequenced, and the metabolic characteristics were analyzed. Compared to the four reported K. vulgare genomes, K. robustum SPU_B003 contained more tRNAs, rRNAs, NAD and NADP biosynthetic genes, as well as regulation- and cell signaling-related genes. Moreover, the amino acid biosynthesis pathways were more complete. Two species-specific internal promoters, P1 (orf_01408 promoter) and P2 (orf_02221 promoter), were predicted and validated by detecting their initiation activity. To efficiently produce 2-KGA with decreased CO2 release, an innovative acetyl-CoA biosynthetic pathway (XFP-PTA pathway) was introduced into K. robustum SPU_B003 by expressing heterologous phosphoketolase (xfp) and phosphotransacetylase (pta) initiated by internal promoters. After gene optimization, the recombinant strain K. robustum/pBBR-P1_xfp2502-P2_pta2145 enhanced acetyl-CoA approx. 2.4-fold and increased 2-KGA production by 22.27% compared to the control strain K. robustum/pBBR1MCS-2. Accordingly, the transcriptional level of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgd) and pyruvate dehydrogenase genes (pdh) decreased by 24.33 ± 6.67 and 8.67 ± 5.51%, resp. The key genes responsible for 2-KGA biosynthesis, sorbose dehydrogenase gene (sdh) and sorbosone dehydrogenase gene (sndh), were up-regulated to different degrees in the recombinant strain. Conclusions: The genome-based functional anal. of K. robustum SPU_B003 provided a new understanding of the specific metabolic characteristics. The new XFP-PTA pathway was an efficient route to enhance acetyl-CoA levels and to therefore promote 2-KGA production

Microbial Cell Factories published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Quality Control of 526-98-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts