Category: 526-98-7

Zhang, Xiang-mei published the artcileIdentification of vitamin C precursor 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, Formula: C6H10O7, the publication is Zhongguo Weisheng Jianyan Zazhi (2014), 24(10), 1399-1400, database is CAplus.

The objective of this paper was to establish the method system for identification of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) in fermentation broth, and to distinguish 2-KLG from its byproducts (5-DKG and 2-DKG). The standard substance and fermentation product samples were analyzed by thin layer chromatog.(TLC), HPLC and m.p. determination, then the results were compared to confirm the consistency of the three methods in identification of 2-KLG. The TLC results indicated that the Rf value, color and size of chromatogram were concordant between fermentation product and the standard substance of 2-KLG. HPLC results showed that the fermentation product exhibited concordant retention time (8 min), m.p.(170 °C or so) and pH value with standard substance of 2-KLG, but different from 2-DKG and 5-DKG. This method system could identify the existence of 2-KLG in unknown fermentation products, with great significance in screening of new strains of 2-KLG from further fermentation of D-glucose.

Zhongguo Weisheng Jianyan Zazhi published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H7NO, Formula: C6H10O7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fan, Shicun published the artcileDevelopment of a minimal chemically defined medium for Ketogulonicigenium vulgare WSH001 based on its genome-scale metabolic model, COA of Formula: C6H10O7, the publication is Journal of Biotechnology (2014), 15-22, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Com. production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG), the immediate precursor of L-ascorbic acid, is by Ketogulonicigenium vulgare in co-culture with Bacillus megaterium. We used flux balance anal. (FBA) to study a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) of K. vulgare, iWZ663, and found that K. vulgare is deficient in nutrient biosynthetic pathways. Individually omitting L-glycine, L-cysteine, L-methionine, L-tryptophan, adenine, thymine, thiamine and pantothenate from complete chem. defined medium (CDM), caused biomass formation of K. vulgare to decrease to 1%, 21%, 16%, 1%, 26%, 57%, 73% and 24%, resp. Based on these results and FBA, a minimal chem. defined medium (MCDM) was developed that supported monoculture of K. vulgare (0.28 OD₆₀₀) and 2-KLG production (3.59 g/L), which were similar to those in complete CDM or corn steep liquor powder (CSLP) medium. This study demonstrated the potential of using GSMM and FBA to characterize nutrient requirements, optimize CDM, and study interactions in co-culture.

Journal of Biotechnology published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, COA of Formula: C6H10O7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lu, Shu-xia published the artcileNew progress on two-step mixed cultures fermentation for 2-KGA production of vitamin C precursor, Safety of (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, the publication is Weishengwuxue Zazhi (2015), 35(3), 1-8, database is CAplus.

A review. Two-step mixed cultures fermentation initiatively established with independent intellectual property rights is a microbial transformation method used in vitamin C industrial production in China. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA), the precursor of vitamin C, is transformed from L-sorbose through the mixed culture fermentation that has the advantages of simple operation, less pollution and lower energy consumption. In this paper, the latest new progresses of mixed cultures fermentation producing 2-KGA are reviewed from the aspects of key enzymes of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare, extracellular substances of co-helper, Omics and exogenous additives. Meanwhile, the prospective research fields are also mentioned in order to provide some references for the researchers.

Weishengwuxue Zazhi published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, Safety of (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Huang, M. published the artcileAntioxidant effect of glutathione on promoting 2-keto-L-gulonic acid production in vitamin C fermentation system, HPLC of Formula: 526-98-7, the publication is Journal of Applied Microbiology (2018), 125(5), 1383-1395, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The study aims to investigate the antioxidant effect of glutathione on promoting 2-KGA in Vc fermentation system using Ketogulonicigenium vulgare 25B-1 and Bacillus endophyticus ST-1 as the co-culturing microbes. Methods and Results : The activities of antioxidant-related enzymes and qPCR were used to study the antioxidant effect of glutathione addition in Vc fermentation system. The addition of GSH and GSH/GSSG increased 2-KGA production and decreased fermentation time, and the highest 2-KGA production increased by 40·63% and the lowest fermentation time shortened to 60 h when the addition of optimal concentration ratio of GSH/GSSG was 50 : 1. Moreover, the increased production of 2-KGA was accompanied by up-regulated the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT) and over-expressed oxidative stress-related genes sod,gst,gr,zwf,gp, which resulted in scavenging reactive oxygen species to reduce oxidative stress in Vc fermentation system. Conclusions : Glutathione showed a significant effect on increasing 2-KGA production and decreasing fermentation time in Vc fermentation system. GSH/GSSG could maintain a dynamic balance with two forms of glutathione and the optimal concentration ratio of GSH/GSSG was 50 : 1. Significance and Impact of the Study : Glutathione is proved to be effective to relieve oxidative stress. The promotion effects of GSSG and GSH on 2-KGA production could help to further explore the optimization of co-culture fermentation process for Vc industrial production

Journal of Applied Microbiology published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, HPLC of Formula: 526-98-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gao, Yun published the artcileComprehensive Quality Evaluation of Corn Steep Liquor in 2-Keto-L-gulonic Acid Fermentation, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2011), 59(18), 9845-9853, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Corn steep liquor (CSL) is one of the main raw materials in 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) fermentation by Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and Bacillus megaterium. Due to its natural origin and variations in the manufacturing process, unpredicted and uncontrolled variability of CSL has a great influence on 2-KLG production; however, conventional quality specifications are not enough to ensure stability of fermentation behaviors. A process anal. technol. (PAT) could be considered to explore the relationship between CSL quality and 2-KLG production comprehensively. The compositions of CSL from six manufacturers were profiled by gas chromatog. with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) and inductively coupled plasma-at. emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), combined with orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant anal. (OPLS-DA). Seventeen components were identified as the most discriminant marker compounds related to 2-KLG production Results revealed that they were responsible for providing nutrients and protecting osmotic pressure. Furthermore, nine amino acids were verified as potential group markers by addition to the medium and demonstration of the correlation to 2-KLG production The comprehensive approach provided an important platform to explore CSL marker compounds for quality evaluation in 2-KLG fermentation

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cai, Lei published the artcileGenetic engineering of Ketogulonigenium vulgare for enhanced production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, HPLC of Formula: 526-98-7, the publication is Journal of Biotechnology (2012), 157(2), 320-325, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Folate derivatives are crucial growth factors for Ketogulonigenium vulgare which is used in mixed culture with Bacillus megaterium for the industrial production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA), the precursor of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) or vitamin C (Vc). To improve the growth and 2-KGA production, five genes involved in folate biosynthesis identified in a folate gene cluster from Lactococcus lactis MG1363, including folB, folKE, folP, folQ and folC, were over-expressed in K. vulgare. Intracellular folate concentration in the recombinant strain harboring folate biosynthesis genes cluster under the control of P_sdh (sorbose dehydrogenase gene sdh promoter from K. vulgare) was 8 times higher than that of the wildtype K. vulgare DSM 4025 (P < 0.001). In shake flask studies, the cell d. and 2-KGA production of the recombinant K. vulgare Rif (pMCS2PsdhfolBC) were increased by 18% (P < 0.001) and 14% (P < 0.001), resp., under a relatively stable pH 7 condition. In fermentor studies, enhancements around 25% cell d. (P < 0.001) and approx. 35% 2-KGA productivity (P < 0.001) were observed in comparison with the controls without over-expressing the folate biosynthesis genes. This was the first successful study of metabolic engineering on K. vulgare for enhanced 2-KGA production

Journal of Biotechnology published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, HPLC of Formula: 526-98-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhou, Jian published the artcileMetabolomic Analysis of the Positive Effects on Ketogulonigenium vulgare Growth and 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Production by Reduced Glutathione, Application of (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, the publication is OMICS (2012), 16(7-8), 387-396, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Ketogulonigenium vulgare has long been used in industry to produce 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA), the precursor of vitamin C. This fermentation process involves co-culture of K. vulgare and a Bacillus species. Early studies demonstrated that the presence of the Bacillus strain can enhance the cellular growth and 2KGA production of K. vulgare. However, the mol. mechanism behind how Bacillus affects the growth of K. vulgare and 2KGA production remains unclear. In addition, the inclusion of Bacillus in the fermentation process presents difficulties for the post-separation and purification of 2KGA. To address these issues, efforts have been made to replace the Bacillus strain with chem. compounds In this study, we found that adding thiol compounds such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and dithiothreitol (DTT) to the K. vulgare mono-culture system can increase the growth of K. vulgare about twofold, and increase 2KGA production by about fivefold. The effects of thiols on the concentrations of some cellular metabolites were determined using gas chromatog. coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that the levels of intracellular amino acids and intermediates in the pentose phosphate pathway increased significantly after thiol addition Interestingly, when GSH was added, the levels of key intracellular metabolites in primary metabolic pathways and the cell biomass both reached their maximum in the first 36 h, and then decreased when the thiol was exhausted. These findings indicate that cell growth needs the assistance of a high concentration of thiols. This study is the first report that chem. defined compounds were used to enhance the growth of K. vulgare and 2KGA production Furthermore, it also provides new insights into the possible cellular interaction between Bacillus species and K. vulgare.

OMICS published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C24H20Ge, Application of (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mandlaa published the artcileL-sorbose is not only a substrate for 2-keto-L-gulonic acid production in the artificial microbial ecosystem of two strains mixed fermentation, Name: (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, the publication is Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2015), 42(6), 897-904, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The co-culture system of the fermentation process of vitamin C can be regarded as an artificial microbial ecosystem (AME). To extend our understanding of this AME, an investigation of the relationship between strains, substrate and product was carried out in this study. The results showed that both Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG, the precursor of vitamin C) can inhibit the growth of the helper strain, while the helper strain promoted the growth of K. vulgare and 2-KLG production Moreover, L-sorbose is not only a substrate for 2-KLG production in the AME, but also a promoter of K. vulgare and an inhibitor of the helper strain. In the earlier stage of fermentation, the inhibition of L-sorbose on the helper strain’s growth is a key factor for ensuring an efficient fermentation In the condition of adding the extra helper strain (OD: 0.57, ratio of inoculation: 2 %), the yields of 2-KLG is increased by 9 % in the 14 % L-sorbose medium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the inhibition of substrate in the AME of 2-KLG production

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, Name: (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mandlaa published the artcileTwo-helper-strain co-culture system: a novel method for enhancement of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid production, COA of Formula: C6H10O7, the publication is Biotechnology Letters (2013), 35(11), 1853-1857, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A novel two-helper-strain co-culture system (TSCS) was developed to enhance 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) productivity for vitamin C production Bacillus megaterium and B. cereus (with a seeding culture ratio of 1:3, volume/volume), used as helper strains, increased the 2-KLG yield using Ketogulonigenium vulgare compared to the conventional one-helper-strain (either B. cereus or B. megaterium) co-culture system (OSCS). After 45 h cultivation, 2-KLG concentration in the TSCS (69 g l^-1) increased by 8.9 and 7 % over that of the OSCS (B. cereus: 63.4 g l^-1; B. megaterium: 64.5 g l^-1). The fermentation period of TSCS was 4 h shorter than that of OSCS (B. cereus). The increased cell numbers of K. vulgare stimulated by the two helper strains possibly explain the enhanced 2-KLG yield. The results imply that TSCS is a viable method for enhancing industrial production of 2-KLG.

Biotechnology Letters published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, COA of Formula: C6H10O7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lou, Geer published the artcileGC-MS based metabolomics uncovers the mechanism of Curcumae rhizoma and Sparganii rhizome on blood stasis syndrome in liver dialysis, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2020), 33(Suppl.2), 771-777, database is CAplus.

Blood stasis syndrome (BSS) is characterized by blood retardation and is the major cause of some deadly diseases. Some factors that affect BSS have been identified. However, the small mol. that related to BSS is still largely unknown. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), such as Sanleng and Ezhu, has been used for a long time in treating BSS and promising outcomes have been achieved. However, the mechanism of how they work is unclear. Thus, we constructed the Rat BSS model and treated them with Sanleng and Ezhu. Then, the liver dialysis of those rats was collected and the small mol. metabolites were analyzed by GC-MS based metabolomics approach. Our results showed after Sanleng and Ezhu treatment, several small mol. metabolites were significantly changed metabolites (VIP>1 and P<0.05). Pathway enrichment anal. also showed that Sanleng and Ezhu share the similar mechanism in treating BSS, such as regulating Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathway and energy metabolism Besides, we also identified some key metabolites that were significantly correlated with BSS. In conclusion, those findings uncover the mechanism of Sanleng and Ezhu in treating BSS.

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts