Category: 434-16-2

Chi, Xun; Bensinger, Steven J. published the artcile< (Sterol)ized Immunity: Could PI3K/AKT3 Be the Answer?>, Formula: C27H44O, the main research area is review PI3K AKT3 signaling cholesterol biosynthesis innate immune response.

A review. Type I interferons (IFNs) can reprogram the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway to facilitate innate immune responses. In this issue of Immunity, Xiao et al. (2020) reveal that type I IFN signaling and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) accumulation form a pos. feedback loop to amplify innate immune responses to control viral infections by activating AKT3.

Immunity published new progress about Innate immunity. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Formula: C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Knuschke, Peter published the artcile< Sun Exposure and Vitamin D.>, Reference of 434-16-2, the main research area is .

Vitamin D is generally accepted in its importance on the regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Moreover, further health effects due to vitamin D are under discussion. In its effect, vitamin D is more like a hormone. In the classic view, a vitamin is an essential nutrient, which cannot be synthesized independently in the body. Besides nutrition, vitamin D will be produced in the body itself. The skin contains the provitamin D3 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of vitamin D. Provitamin D3 will be photoconverted to previtamin D3 by UVB radiation that penetrates the skin superficially. In this way, the vitamin D metabolism will be started independent of the nutrition. In everyday life, this photosynthesis will be carried out due to the solar UVB radiation penetrating the uncovered skin. In the same spectral waveband range of UVB radiation, which causes the beneficial health effect of starting the vitamin D metabolism, the UVB radiation causes simultaneously acute and chronic harmful health effects as UV erythema (sunburn), skin aging and skin cancer. There is no vitamin D production in the skin without simultaneous DNA damage in the skin. Against this background, risks and benefits have to be balanced carefully.

Current problems in dermatology published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Reference of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Klouda, Jan; Benesova, Lenka; Kocovsky, Pavel; Schwarzova-Peckova, Karolina published the artcile< Voltammetry of 7-dehydrocholesterol as a new and useful tool for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome diagnosis>, Related Products of 434-16-2, the main research area is 7-dehydrocholesterol; Artificial serum; Bare electrodes; Cholecalciferol; Voltammetry.

7-Dehydrocholesterol is an essential biomarker of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, a congenital autosomal recessive disorder. This study shows for the first time that electrochem. oxidation of 7-dehydrocholesterol can be used for its voltammetric determination Two classes of supporting electrolytes in acetonitrile and a mixture of acetonitrile-water were used: inorganic acids known to promote structural changes of steroids and indifferent electrolytes. Oxidation of 7-dehydrocholesterol at ca +0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgNO3 in acetonitrile) in 0.1 mol L-1 NaClO4 in acetonitrile is useful for its voltammetric detection using common bare electrode materials. Detection limits for 7-dehydrocholesterol lie in the low micromolar range for all the working electrodes, including boron-doped diamond (0.4 μmol L-1) and disposable thin-film platinum electrodes (0.5 μmol L-1), which are advantageous because of the low volumes of studied solutions After Bligh-Dyer extraction, quantification of 7-dehydrocholesterol concentration (boron-doped diamond) or concentration range (thin-film platinum) is easily attainable in artificial serum. The mere knowledge of the concentration range provides clin. valuable information, as 7-dehydrocholesterol levels are employed for SLOS diagnosis as a binary criterion (elevated, tens to hundreds μmol L-1 in symptomatic/non-elevated, typically bellow 1 μmol L-1 in healthy individuals in plasma). Moreover, it is shown that 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) can be oxidized in 0.1 mol L-1 HClO4 in acetonitrile. Under these conditions, their voltammetric response changes dramatically, and their oxidation p.d. transiently increases from 0.08 V to 0.25 V, which should facilitate their simultaneous voltammetric determination This work constitutes a foundation for a reliable and straightforward method for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome diagnosis and monitoring 7-dehydrocholesterol′s biotransformation to cholecalciferol.

Talanta published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Related Products of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rojare, Camille; Opdenakker, Yasmin; Laborde, Amélie; Nicot, Romain; Mention, Karine; Ferri, Joel published the artcile< The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and dentofacial anomalies diagnostic: Case reports and literature review.>, Safety of (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is Dentofacial deformities; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Malformations dento-faciales; Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder. It is due to a deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) that catalyses the reduction of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to cholesterol. The aim of this review is to gather all information, concerning diagnostic characteristics of this syndrome, with an emphasis on intraoral symptom presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a review of the literature, including articles between 1964 and 2017. Data was collected regarding the clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of SLOS patients. Moreover, two clinical cases are described, illustrating the oral and facial anomalies of SLOS patients, at the regional university hospital of Lille, France. DISCUSSION: Low cholesterol levels provoke a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, from mild to lethal forms. They can cause mental retardation, growth deficiency and congenital malformations. The SLOS features are often present at birth. Moreover, all the patients have facial anomalies. The dento-maxillofacial symptoms consist of crowded teeth, widely spaced incisors, oligodontia, polydontia, premature tooth eruption, enamel hypoplasia, a bifid uvula, broad alveolar ridges, bifid tongue, and Pierre-Robin syndrome symptoms (glossoptosis, retrognathia and cleft palate). These symptoms are warning signs and should increase the awareness of clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: All healthcare professionals can contribute to the SLOS patient diagnostics. The dento-maxillofacial anomalies, illustrated by two case reports, could help to detect undiagnosed patients. An early detection might improve the outcome of these patients, as cholesterol supplementation can improve symptoms. This study can benefit orthodontists by enabling them to recognize the clinical signs of SLOS in order to refer these young patients to a specialist if the diagnosis has not been established.

International orthodontics published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Safety of (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Klouda, Jan; Benesova, Lenka; Kocovsky, Pavel; Schwarzova-Peckova, Karolina published the artcile< Voltammetry of 7-dehydrocholesterol as a new and useful tool for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome diagnosis>, Related Products of 434-16-2, the main research area is 7-dehydrocholesterol; Artificial serum; Bare electrodes; Cholecalciferol; Voltammetry.

7-Dehydrocholesterol is an essential biomarker of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, a congenital autosomal recessive disorder. This study shows for the first time that electrochem. oxidation of 7-dehydrocholesterol can be used for its voltammetric determination Two classes of supporting electrolytes in acetonitrile and a mixture of acetonitrile-water were used: inorganic acids known to promote structural changes of steroids and indifferent electrolytes. Oxidation of 7-dehydrocholesterol at ca +0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgNO3 in acetonitrile) in 0.1 mol L-1 NaClO4 in acetonitrile is useful for its voltammetric detection using common bare electrode materials. Detection limits for 7-dehydrocholesterol lie in the low micromolar range for all the working electrodes, including boron-doped diamond (0.4 μmol L-1) and disposable thin-film platinum electrodes (0.5 μmol L-1), which are advantageous because of the low volumes of studied solutions After Bligh-Dyer extraction, quantification of 7-dehydrocholesterol concentration (boron-doped diamond) or concentration range (thin-film platinum) is easily attainable in artificial serum. The mere knowledge of the concentration range provides clin. valuable information, as 7-dehydrocholesterol levels are employed for SLOS diagnosis as a binary criterion (elevated, tens to hundreds μmol L-1 in symptomatic/non-elevated, typically bellow 1 μmol L-1 in healthy individuals in plasma). Moreover, it is shown that 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) can be oxidized in 0.1 mol L-1 HClO4 in acetonitrile. Under these conditions, their voltammetric response changes dramatically, and their oxidation p.d. transiently increases from 0.08 V to 0.25 V, which should facilitate their simultaneous voltammetric determination This work constitutes a foundation for a reliable and straightforward method for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome diagnosis and monitoring 7-dehydrocholesterol′s biotransformation to cholecalciferol.

Talanta published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Related Products of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rojare, Camille; Opdenakker, Yasmin; Laborde, Amélie; Nicot, Romain; Mention, Karine; Ferri, Joel published the artcile< The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and dentofacial anomalies diagnostic: Case reports and literature review.>, Safety of (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is Dentofacial deformities; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Malformations dento-faciales; Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder. It is due to a deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) that catalyses the reduction of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to cholesterol. The aim of this review is to gather all information, concerning diagnostic characteristics of this syndrome, with an emphasis on intraoral symptom presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a review of the literature, including articles between 1964 and 2017. Data was collected regarding the clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of SLOS patients. Moreover, two clinical cases are described, illustrating the oral and facial anomalies of SLOS patients, at the regional university hospital of Lille, France. DISCUSSION: Low cholesterol levels provoke a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, from mild to lethal forms. They can cause mental retardation, growth deficiency and congenital malformations. The SLOS features are often present at birth. Moreover, all the patients have facial anomalies. The dento-maxillofacial symptoms consist of crowded teeth, widely spaced incisors, oligodontia, polydontia, premature tooth eruption, enamel hypoplasia, a bifid uvula, broad alveolar ridges, bifid tongue, and Pierre-Robin syndrome symptoms (glossoptosis, retrognathia and cleft palate). These symptoms are warning signs and should increase the awareness of clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: All healthcare professionals can contribute to the SLOS patient diagnostics. The dento-maxillofacial anomalies, illustrated by two case reports, could help to detect undiagnosed patients. An early detection might improve the outcome of these patients, as cholesterol supplementation can improve symptoms. This study can benefit orthodontists by enabling them to recognize the clinical signs of SLOS in order to refer these young patients to a specialist if the diagnosis has not been established.

International orthodontics published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Safety of (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dambri, Oussama Abderrahmane; Cherkaoui, Soumaya published the artcile< Performance Enhancement of Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication.>, Application of C27H44O, the main research area is .

Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) is one of the challenges of bio-inspired diffusion-based molecular communication. The degradation of the remaining molecules from a previous transmission is the solution that biological systems use to mitigate this ISI. While most prior work has proposed the use of enzymes to catalyze the molecules degradation, enzymes also degrade the molecules carrying the information, which drastically decreases the signal strength. In this paper, we propose the use of photolysis reactions, which use the light to instantly transform the emitted molecules so they no longer be recognized after their detection. The light will be emitted in an optimal time, allowing the receiver to detect as many molecules as possible, which increases both the signal strength and ISI mitigation. A lower bound expression on the expectation of the observed molecules number at the receiver is derived. Bit error probability expression is also formulated, and both expressions are validated with simulation results, which show a visible enhancement when using photolysis reactions. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using Interference-to-Total-Received molecules metric (ITR) and the derived bit error probability.

IEEE transactions on nanobioscience published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Application of C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Z. Yan; Pergande, Melissa R.; Ragsdale, Clifton W.; Cologna, Stephanie M. published the artcile< Steroid hormones of the octopus self-destruct system>, Quality Control of 434-16-2, the main research area is Octopus self destruct system steroid hormone; bile acids; cephalopod; dafachronic acids; longevity; maternal care; neuroendocrinology; neuroethology; progesterone; reproduction; senescence.

Among all invertebrates, soft-bodied cephalopods have the largest central nervous systems and the greatest brain-to-body mass ratios, yet unlike other big-brained animals, cephalopods are unusually short lived. Primates and corvids survive for many decades, but shallow-water octopuses, such as the California two-spot octopus (Octopus bimaculoides), typically live for only 1 yr. Lifespan and reproduction are controlled by the principal neuroendocrine center of the octopus: the optic glands, which are functional analogs to the vertebrate pituitary gland. After mating, females steadfastly brood their eggs, begin fasting, and undergo rapid physiol. decline, featuring repeated self-injury and leading to death. Removal of the optic glands completely reverses this life history trajectory, but the signaling factors underlying this major life transition are unknown. Here, we characterize the major secretions and steroidogenic pathways of the female optic gland using mass spectrometry techniques. We find that at least three pathways are mobilized to increase synthesis of select sterol hormones after reproduction One pathway generates pregnane steroids, known in other animals to support reproduction Two other pathways produce 7-dehydrocholesterol and bile acid intermediates, neither of which were previously known to be involved in semelparity. Our results provide insight into invertebrate cholesterol pathways and confirm a remarkable unity of steroid hormone biol. in life history processes across Bilateria.

Current Biology published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (DAF36). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Quality Control of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Guangtao; Wang, Qing; Kakuda, Shinako; London, Erwin published the artcile< Nanodomains can persist at physiologic temperature in plasma membrane vesicles and be modulated by altering cell lipids>, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is nanodomain physiol temperature plasma membrane vesicle cell lipid; giant vesicles; lipid substitution; phase separation.

The formation and properties of liquid-ordered lipid domains (rafts) in plasma membrane are still poorly understood. This limits our ability to manipulate ordered lipid domain-dependent biol. functions. Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) undergo large-scale phase separations into coexisting Lo and liquid-disordered lipid domains. However, large-scale phase separation in GPMVs detected by light microscopy is observed only at low temperatures The persistence of nanodomains at higher temperatures is consistent with previously reported theor. calculations To investigate the sensitivity of nanodomains to lipid composition, GPMVs were prepared from mammalian cells in which sterol, phospholipid, or sphingolipid composition in the plasma membrane outer leaflet had been altered by cyclodextrin-catalyzed lipid exchange. Lipid substitutions that stabilize or destabilize ordered domain formation in artificial lipid vesicles had a similar effect on the thermal stability of nanodomains and large-scale phase separation in GPMVs, with nanodomains persisting at higher temperatures than large-scale phases for a wide range of lipid compositions This indicates that it is likely that plasma membrane nanodomains can form under physiol. conditions more readily than large-scale phase separation We also conclude that membrane lipid substitutions carried out in intact cells are able to modulate the propensity of plasma membranes to form ordered domains. This implies lipid substitutions can be used to alter biol. processes dependent upon ordered domains.

Journal of Lipid Research published new progress about Cell membrane. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Genaro-Mattos, Thiago C.; Klingelsmith, Korinne B.; Allen, Luke B.; Anderson, Allison; Tallman, Keri A.; Porter, Ned A.; Korade, Zeljka; Mirnics, Karoly published the artcile< Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibition in Pregnant Women Taking Prescription Medications>, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is cholesterol DHCR7 7DHC pregnancy combinations neurodevelopment synergistic effect.

Sterol biosynthesis is a critical homeostatic mechanism of the body. Sterol biosynthesis begins during early embryonic life and continues throughout life. Many commonly used medications, prescribed >200 million times in the United States annually, have a sterol biosynthesis inhibition side effect. Using our high-throughput LC-MS/MS method, we assessed the levels of post-lanosterol sterol intermediates (lanosterol, desmosterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC)) and cholesterol in 1312 deidentified serum samples from pregnant women. 302 samples showing elevated 7-DHC were analyzed for the presence of 14 medications known to inhibit the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase enzyme (DHCR7) and increase 7-DHC. Of the 302 samples showing 7-DHC elevation, 43 had detectable levels of prescription medications with a DHCR7-inhibiting side effect. Taking more than one 7-DHC-elevating medication in specific combinations (polypharmacy) might exacerbate the effect on 7-DHC levels in pregnant women, suggesting a potentially additive or synergistic effect. As 7-DHC and 7-DHC-derived oxysterols are toxic, and as DHCR7-inhibiting medications are considered teratogens, our findings raise potential concerns regarding the use of prescription medication with a DHCR7-inhibiting side effect during pregnancy. The use of prescription medications during pregnancy is sometimes unavoidable, but choosing a medication without a DHCR7-inhibiting side effect might lead to a healthier pregnancy and prevent putatively adverse outcomes for the developing offspring.

ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science published new progress about Aging, animal. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts