Category: 434-16-2

Anderson, Allison; Genaro-Mattos, Thiago C.; Allen, Luke B.; Koczok, Katalin; Korade, Zeljka; Mirnics, Karoly published the artcile< Interaction of maternal immune activation and genetic interneuronal inhibition>, Product Details of C27H44O, the main research area is Gad1 neuropeptide Y maternal immune activation genetic interneuronal inhibition; Acylcarnitines; Interneuron; Maternal immune activation; Neuroinflammation; Schizophrenia; Sterol profile.

Genes and environment interact during intrauterine life, and potentially alter the developmental trajectory of the brain. This can result in life-long consequences on brain function. We have previously developed two transgenic mouse lines that suppress Gad1 expression in parvalbumin (PVALB) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expressing interneuron populations using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-driven miRNA-based silencing technol. We were interested to assess if maternal immune activation (MIA), genetic interneuronal inhibition, and the combination of these two factors disrupt and result in long-term changes in neuroinflammatory gene expression, sterol biosynthesis, and acylcarnitine levels in the brain of maternally exposed offspring. Pregnant female WT mice were given a single i.p. injection of saline or polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid [poly(I:C)] at E12.5. Brains of offspring were analyzed at postnatal day 90. We identified complex and persistent neuroinflammatory gene expression changes in the hippocampi of MIA-exposed offspring, as well in the hippocampi of Npy/Gad1 and Pvalb/Gad1 mice. In addition, both MIA and genetic inhibition altered the post-lanosterol sterol biosynthesis in the neocortex and disrupted the typical acylcarnitine profile. In conclusion, our findings suggest that both MIA and inhibition of interneuronal function have long-term consequences on critical homeostatic mechanisms of the brain, including immune function, sterol levels, and energy metabolism

Brain Research published new progress about Acylcarnitines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Product Details of C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shamsuzzama; Lebedev, Ron; Trabelcy, Benjamin; Langier Goncalves, Irina; Gerchman, Yoram; Sapir, Amir published the artcile< Metabolic Reconfiguration in C. elegans Suggests a Pathway for Widespread Sterol Auxotrophy in the Animal Kingdom>, Product Details of C27H44O, the main research area is cholesterol metabolism animal kingdom auxotrophy Caenorhabditis; C. elegans; Dauer larvae; animal kingdom; cholesterol; cholesterol auxotrophy; dafachronic acid; evolution of animals; gene loss; plant and fungal sterols; unicellular holozoa.

Cholesterol is one of the hallmarks of animals. In vertebrates, the cholesterol synthesis pathway (CSP) is the primary source of cholesterol that has numerous structural and regulative roles [1]. Nevertheless, the few invertebrates tested for cholesterol synthesis show complete sterol auxotrophy [2-6], raising questions about how animals thrive without cholesterol synthesis and about the prevalence of sterol auxotrophy in animals. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), sterols are the precursors of the steroid hormone dafachronic acid that coordinates development to adulthood [7, 8]; thus, sterol-deprived C. elegans arrest at the diapause “”dauer”” larval stage [9]. Using this system, we have identified a pathway that converts plant and fungal sterols into cholesterol through the activity of enzymes with sequence similarity to specific human CSP enzymes. Based on this finding, we propose that two critical steps shaped the evolution of animal sterol auxotrophy: (1) the loss of the orthologs of the first three enzymes of the CSP and (2) the co-opting of other downstream enzymes of the CSP for the utilization of dietary sterols. Using this mechanistic signature, we studied the evolution of cholesterol auxotrophy across the animal kingdom. Complete sets of CSP enzymes in basal animals suggest that the loss of cholesterol synthesis occurred during animal evolution. A sterol auxothropy signature in the genomes of many invertebrates, including nematodes and most arthropods, suggests widespread cholesterol auxotrophy in animals. Thus, we propose that this co-opted pathway supports widespread cholesterol auxotrophy by interkingdom interactions between cholesterol-auxotrophic animals and sterol-producing fungi and plants.

Current Biology published new progress about Amphimedon queenslandica. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Product Details of C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Drelon, Coralie; Rogers, Michael F.; Belalcazar, Helen M.; Secombe, Julie published the artcile< The histone demethylase KDM5 controls developmental timing in Drosophila by promoting prothoracic gland endocycles>, Name: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is Drosophila DNA KDM5 prothoracic gland embryonic development; Drosophila; Ecdysone; Endocycle; KDM5; Lid; MAPK pathway; Prothoracic gland; Torso; Transcription.

In Drosophila, the larval prothoracic gland integrates nutritional status with developmental signals to regulate growth and maturation through the secretion of the steroid hormone ecdysone. While the nutritional signals and cellular pathways that regulate prothoracic gland function are relatively well studied, the transcriptional regulators that orchestrate the activity of this tissue remain less characterized. Here, we show that lysine demethylase 5 (KDM5) is essential for prothoracic gland function. Indeed, restoring kdm5 expression only in the prothoracic gland in an otherwise kdm5 null mutant animal is sufficient to rescue both the larval developmental delay and the pupal lethality caused by loss of KDM5. Our studies show that KDM5 functions by promoting the endoreplication of prothoracic gland cells, a process that increases ploidy and is rate limiting for the expression of ecdysone biosynthetic genes. Molecularly, we show that KDM5 activates the expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase torso, which then promotes polyploidization and growth through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, our studies provide key insights into the biol. processes regulated by KDM5 and expand our understanding of the transcriptional regulators that coordinate animal development.

Development (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about Corpus allatum Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Name: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Van Der Straeten, Dominique; Strobbe, Simon published the artcile< Tomatoes supply the 'sunshine vitamin'>, Safety of (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is tomato supply sunshine vitamin.

Worldwide, vitamin D deficiency affects around 1 billion people. A recent study indicates that blocking a duplicated branch of phytosterol biosynthesis in tomato leads to provitamin D3 accumulation.

Nature Plants (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Bioaccumulation. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Safety of (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Waldie, Sarah; Moulin, Martine; Porcar, Lionel; Pichler, Harald; Strohmeier, Gernot A.; Skoda, Maximilian; Forsyth, V. Trevor; Haertlein, Michael; Maric, Selma; Cardenas, Marite published the artcile< The Production of Matchout-Deuterated Cholesterol and the Study of Bilayer-Cholesterol Interactions>, SDS of cas: 434-16-2, the main research area is cholesterol lipid bilayer small angle neutron scattering MS NMR.

The deuteration of biomols. provides advanced opportunities for neutron scattering studies. For low resolution studies using techniques such as small-angle neutron scattering and neutron reflection, the level of deuteration of a sample can be varied to match the scattering length d. of a specific D2O/H2O solvent mixture This can be of major value in structural studies where specific regions of a complex system can be highlighted, and others rendered invisible. This is especially useful in analyses of the structure and dynamics of membrane components. In mammalian membranes, the presence of cholesterol is crucial in modulating the properties of lipids and in their interaction with proteins. Here, a protocol is described for the production of partially deuterated cholesterol which has a neutron scattering length d. that matches that of 100% D2O solvent (hereby named matchout cholesterol). The level of deuteration was determined by mass spectrometry and NMR. The cholesterol match-point was verified exptl. using small angle neutron scattering. The matchout cholesterol was used to investigate the incorporation of cholesterol in various phosphatidylcholine supported lipid bilayers by neutron reflectometry. The study included both saturated and unsaturated lipids, as well as lipids with varying chain lengths. It was found that cholesterol is distributed asym. within the bilayer, positioned closer to the headgroups of the lipids than to the middle of the tail core, regardless of the phosphatidylcholine species.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Bilayer membranes. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, SDS of cas: 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Youchao; Tian, Nana; Li, Chao; Hou, Yuanjun; Wang, Xuesong; Zhou, Qianxiong published the artcile< Incorporation of 7-dehydrocholesterol into liposomes as a simple, universal and efficient way to enhance anticancer activity by combining PDT and photoactivated chemotherapy>, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2, the main research area is tumor antitumor photodynamic therapy dehydrocholesterol liposome.

Cholesterol (CHOL) is an indispensable component of liposomes. Incorporation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) instead of CHOL can efficiently enhance the anticancer activity of photosensitizer-encapsulated liposomes upon irradiation, yielding an IC50 value about half of that of CHOL-based controls. The photo-oxidation of 7-DHC into its endoperoxide form by singlet oxygen may account for the enhanced therapeutic effect, realizing an efficient combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about Antitumor agents. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sharma, Ashwani; Kumar, G. Aditya; Chattopadhyay, Amitabha published the artcile< Late endosomal/lysosomal accumulation of a neurotransmitter receptor in a cellular model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome>, Electric Literature of 434-16-2, the main research area is Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome neurotransmitter receptor; 7-DHC; AY 9944; SLOS; altered trafficking; cholesterol; serotonin1A receptor.

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a congenital and developmental malformation syndrome associated with defective cholesterol biosynthesis. It is characterized by accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (the immediate biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol in the Kandutsch-Russell pathway) and an altered cholesterol to total sterol ratio. Because SLOS is associated with neurol. malfunction, exploring the function and trafficking of neuronal receptors and their interaction with membrane lipids under these conditions assume significance. In this work, we generated a cellular model of SLOS in HEK-293 cells stably expressing the human serotonin1A receptor (an important neurotransmitter G-protein coupled receptor) using AY 9944, an inhibitor for the enzyme 3β-hydroxy-steroid-Δ7-reductase (7-DHCR). Using a quant. flow cytometry based assay, we show that the plasma membrane population of serotonin1A receptors was considerably reduced under these conditions without any change in total cellular expression of the receptor. Interestingly, the receptors were trafficked to sterol-enriched LysoTracker pos. compartments, which accumulated under these conditions. To the best of our knowledge, our results constitute one of the first reports demonstrating intracellular accumulation and misregulated traffic of a neurotransmitter GPCR in SLOS-like conditions. We believe these results assume relevance in our overall understanding of the mol. basis underlying the functional relevance of neurotransmitter receptors in SLOS.

Traffic (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about 5-HT1A receptors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Electric Literature of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mangiacotti, Marco; Pezzi, Stefano; Fumagalli, Marco; Coladonato, Alan Jioele; d’Ettorre, Patrizia; Leroy, Chloe; Bonnet, Xavier; Zuffi, Marco A. L.; Scali, Stefano; Sacchi, Roberto published the artcile< Seasonal Variations in Femoral Gland Secretions Reveals some Unexpected Correlations Between Protein and Lipid Components in a Lacertid Lizard>, Product Details of C27H44O, the main research area is seasonal variation femoral gland protein lipid component Podarcis; Chemical communication; Cosinor models; Femoral glands; Identity; Lizards; Podarcis muralis; Quality; Season; Testosterone.

Animals modulate intraspecific signal shape and intensity, notably during reproductive periods. Signal variability typically follows a seasonal scheme, traceable through the expression of visual, acoustic, chem. and behavioral patterns. The chem. channel is particularly important in lizards, as demonstrated by well-developed epidermal glands in the cloacal region that secrete lipids and proteins recognized by conspecifics. In males, the seasonal pattern of gland activity is underpinned by variation of circulating androgens. Changes in the composition of lipid secretions convey information about the signaler’s quality (e.g., size, immunity). Presumably, individual identity is associated with a protein signature present in the femoral secretions, but this has been poorly investigated. For the first time, we assessed the seasonal variability of the protein signal in relation to plasma testosterone level (T), glandular activity and the concentration of provitamin D3 in the lipid fraction. We sampled 174 male common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) over the entire activity season. An elevation of T was observed one to two months before the secretion peak of lipids during the mating season; such expected delay between hormonal fluctuation and maximal physiol. response fits well with the assumption that provitamin D3 indicates individual quality. One-dimensional electrophoretic anal. of proteins showed that gel bands were preserved over the season with an invariant region; a result in agreement with the hypothesis that proteins are stable identity signals. However, the relative intensity of bands varied markedly, synchronously with that of lipid secretion pattern. These variations of protein secretion suggest addnl. roles of proteins, an issue that requires further studies.

Journal of Chemical Ecology published new progress about Adult, nonmammalian. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Product Details of C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shrivastava, Sandeep; Paila, Yamuna Devi; Kombrabail, Mamata; Krishnamoorthy, G.; Chattopadhyay, Amitabha published the artcile< Role of Cholesterol and Its Immediate Biosynthetic Precursors in Membrane Dynamics and Heterogeneity: Implications for Health and Disease>, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2, the main research area is cholesterol precursor membrane dynamics.

Cholesterol is an indispensible component of cellular membranes in higher eukaryotes and plays a vital role in many cellular functions. 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and desmosterol represent two immediate biosynthetic precursors of cholesterol in the Kandutsch-Russell and Bloch pathways of cholesterol biosynthesis, resp. Although 7-DHC and desmosterol differ from cholesterol merely by a double bond, accumulation of these two immediate biosynthetic precursors due to defective cholesterol biosynthesis leads to severe developmental and neurol. disorders. In this context, the authors explored the role of cholesterol and its immediate biosynthetic precursors (7-DHC and desmosterol) on the dynamics and heterogeneity of fluid phase POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and gel phase DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) membranes, using fluorescence lifetime distribution anal. of Nile Red (9-diethylamino-5H-benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one) using the maximum entropy method (MEM). The authors show here that the membrane interfacial dynamic heterogeneity, manifested as the width of the fluorescence lifetime distribution of Nile Red, exhibited by 7-DHC and desmosterol vastly differ from that displayed by cholesterol, particularly in fluid phase membranes. A subtle alteration in sterol structure could considerably alter dynamic membrane heterogeneity, which could have implications in pathogenicity associated with defective cholesterol biosynthesis.

Journal of Physical Chemistry B published new progress about Membrane, biological. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Luo, Yitao; Zhang, Chengqiang; Ma, Li; Zhang, Yuxiao; Liu, Zhengyuan; Chen, Li; Wang, Rui; Luan, Yujing; Rao, Yulan published the artcile< Measurement of 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol in hair can be used in the diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome>, COA of Formula: C27H44O, the main research area is Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome hair diagnosis 7 dehydrocholesterol cholesterol; diagnostic test; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hair analysis; micro-pulverized extraction; microwave-assisted derivatization.

7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and cholesterol (CHOL) are biomarkers of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), a congenital autosomal recessive disorder characterized by elevated 7-DHC level in patients. Hair samples have been shown to have great diagnostic and research value, which has long been neglected in the SLOS field. In this study, we sought to investigate the feasibility of using hair for SLOS diagnosis. In the presence of antioxidants (2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol and triphenylphosphine), hair samples were completely pulverized and extracted by micro-pulverized extraction in alk. solution or in n-hexane. After microwave-assisted derivatization with N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, the analytes were measured by GC-MS. We found that the limits of determination for 7-DHC and CHOL were 10 ng/mg and 8 ng/mg, resp. In addition, good linearity was obtained in the range of 50-4000 ng/mg and 30-6000 ng/mg for 7-DHC and CHOL, resp., which fully meets the requirement for SLOS diagnosis and related research. Finally, by applying the proposed method to real hair samples collected from 14 healthy infants and two suspected SLOS patients, we confirmed the feasibility of hair anal. as a diagnostic tool for SLOS. In conclusion, we present an optimized and validated anal. method for the simultaneous determination of two SLOS biomarkers using human hair.

Journal of Lipid Research published new progress about Antioxidants. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, COA of Formula: C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts