Category: 434-16-2

Bryan, Arielle M.; You, Jeehyun Karen; Li, Guangtao; Kim, JiHyun; Singh, Ashutosh; Morstein, Johannes; Trauner, Dirk; Pereira de Sa, Nivea; Normile, Tyler G.; Farnoud, Amir M.; London, Erwin; Del Poeta, Maurizio published the artcile< Cholesterol and sphingomyelin are critical for Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages>, Name: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is Cryptococcus macrophage phagocytosis cholesterol sphingomyelin Fcgamma receptor; Fc-gamma receptor; cholesterol; fungi; lipid raft; macrophage; phagocytosis; sphingomyelin.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in lymphopenic patients. Pulmonary macrophages comprise the first line of host defense upon inhalation of fungal spores by aiding in clearance but can also potentially serve as a niche for their dissemination. Given that macrophages play a key role in the outcome of a cryptococcal infection, it is crucial to understand factors that mediate phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Since lipid rafts (high-order plasma membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin [SM]) have been implicated in facilitating phagocytosis, we evaluated whether these ordered domains govern macrophages ability to phagocytose C. neoformans. We found that cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in significantly deficient IgG (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis of fungus. Moreover, repletion of macrophage cells with a raft-promoting sterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) rescued this phagocytic deficiency, whereas a raft-inhibiting sterol (coprostanol) significantly decreased IgG-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Using a photoswitchable SM (AzoSM), we observed that the raft-promoting conformation (trans-AzoSM) resulted in efficient phagocytosis, whereas the raft-inhibiting conformation (cis-AzoSM) significantly but reversibly blunted phagocytosis. We observed that the effect on phagocytosis may be facilitated by Fcγ receptor (FcγR) function, whereby IgG immune complexes crosslink to FcγRIII, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of FcR γ-subunit (FcRγ), an important accessory protein in the FcγR signaling cascade. Correspondingly, cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in decreased FcRγ phosphorylation. Repletion with 7-dehydrocholesterol restored phosphorylation, whereas repletion with coprostanol showed FcRγ phosphorylation comparable to unstimulated cells. Together, these data suggest that lipid rafts are critical for facilitating FcγRIII-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans.

Journal of Biological Chemistry published new progress about Cryptococcus neoformans. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Name: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

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Sofferman, Danielle L.; Konar, Arkaprabha; Spears, Kenneth G.; Sension, Roseanne J. published the artcile< Ultrafast excited state dynamics of provitamin D3 and analogs in solution and in lipid bilayers>, Computed Properties of 434-16-2, the main research area is dynamic provitamin lipid bilayer.

The photochem. ring-opening reaction of 7-dehydrocholesterol (DHC, provitamin D3) is responsible for the light-initiated formation of vitamin D3 in mammalian skin membranes. Visible transient absorption spectroscopy was used to explore the excited state dynamics of DHC and two analogs: ergosterol (provitamin D2) and DHC acetate free in solution and confined to lipid bilayers chosen to model the biol. cell membrane. In solution, the excited state dynamics of the three compounds are nearly identical. However, when confined to lipid bilayers, the heterogeneity of the lipid membrane and packing forces imposed on the mol. by the lipid alter the excited state dynamics of these compounds When confined to lipid bilayers in liposomes formed using DPPC, two solvation environments are identified. The excited state dynamics for DHC and analogs in fluid-like regions of the liposome membrane undergo internal conversion and ring-opening on 1 ps-2 ps time scales, similar to those observed in isotropic solution In contrast, the excited state lifetime of a subpopulation in regions of lower fluidity is 7 ps-12 ps. The long decay component is unique to these liposomes and results from the structural properties of the lipid bilayer. Addnl. measurements in liposomes prepared with lipids having slightly longer or shorter alkane tails support this conclusion. In the lipid environments studied, the longest lifetimes are observed for DHC. The unsaturated sterol tail of ergosterol and the acetate group of DHC acetate disrupt the packing around the mol. and permit faster internal conversion and relaxation back to the ground state. (c) 2021 American Institute of Physics.

Journal of Chemical Physics published new progress about Bilayer biological membrane (lipid). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Computed Properties of 434-16-2.

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Duchow, Elizabeth G.; Sibilska-Kaminski, Izabela K.; Plum, Lori A.; DeLuca, Hector F. published the artcile< Vitamin D esters are the major form of vitamin D produced by UV irradiation in mice>, Reference of 434-16-2, the main research area is vitamin D ester UV irradiation; 7-Dehydrocholesterol; Skin; Ultraviolet light B; Vitamin D; Vitamin D esters; Vitamin D-binding protein.

The primary source of vitamin D3 for humans is that produced in skin by UV irradiation UV B (UVB, 280-310 nm) light causes the isomerization of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to pre-vitamin D3 that is thermally isomerized to vitamin D3. In addition to free vitamin D3, it has been previously reported that esterified vitamin D3 is also found in the skin of rats irradiated with UVB. We found that a large fraction of the vitamin D3 precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol is in the esterified form. Following UVB irradiation, vitamin D3 esters represent the majority of tissue vitamin D3, comprising approx. 80% in mice. Examination of vitamin D3 ester transport from skin in DBP-/- mice demonstrated that skin vitamin D3 ester content decreased only in the presence of DBP. No significant binding of vitamin D3 esters by serum was observed and no vitamin D3 esters were detectable in mouse serum after UVB treatment, indicating that the esters are hydrolyzed prior to transport into the circulation. The significance of vitamin D3 esters and their hydrolysis is the subject of current investigation.

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences published new progress about Blood serum. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Reference of 434-16-2.

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Polzonetti, Valeria; Pucciarelli, Stefania; Chambrier, Cecile; Lauverjat, Madeleine published the artcile< Dietary intake of Vitamin D from dairy products reduces the risk of osteoporosis>, COA of Formula: C27H44O, the main research area is review dietary intake vitamin D dairy product osteoporosis; bone mass; calcium; dairy foods; fortified foods; osteoporosis; vitamin D.

A review. Background: Vitamin D and calcium are important dietary compounds that affect bone mass, even if other minerals (potassium, zinc, etc.) and vitamins (A, C and K) are also involved. Vitamin D and certain minerals, in fact, play an important role in calcium homeostasis and calcium absorption. Hip fracture incidence is higher in Europe and the United States, where calcium is frequently included in the human diet; while the occurrence of these fractures is lower in developing countries, where diets are often poor in calcium. This condition is named the “”calcium paradox””, and may be partially explained by phosphate toxicity, which can neg. affect mineral metabolism It is important to maintain correct dietary calcium-phosphate balance in order to have a healthy life, reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures in older people. Vitamin D can also act as a hormone; vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is derived from the UV-B radiation of ergosterol, the natural vitamin D precursor detected in plants, fungi, and invertebrates. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized by sunlight exposure from 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol that can also act as provitamin D3. Dietary intake of vitamin D3 is essential when the skin is exposed for short periods to UV B light (UV-B), a category of invisible light rays such as UV-A and UV-C. This can be considered the usual situation in northern latitudes during the winter season, or the typical lifestyle for older people and/or for people with very white delicate skin. The actual recommended daily intake of dietary vitamin D is strictly correlated with age, ranging from 5μg for infants, children, teenagers, and adults-including pregnant and lactating women-to 15μg for people over 65 years.

Nutrients published new progress about Adult, mammalian. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, COA of Formula: C27H44O.

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Gunda, Venugopal; Genaro-Mattos, Thiago C.; Kaushal, Jyoti B.; Chirravuri-Venkata, Ramakanth; Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan; Mallya, Kavita; Grandgenett, Paul M.; Mirnics, Karoly; Batra, Surinder K.; Korade, Zeljka; Rachagani, Satyanarayana published the artcile< Ubiquitous Aberration in Cholesterol Metabolism across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma>, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2, the main research area is cholesterol metabolism pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Dhcr24; Dhcr7; PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma); free cholesterol; sterol analysis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by metabolic deregulations that often manifest as deviations in metabolite levels and aberrations in their corresponding metabolic genes across the clin. specimens and preclin. PC models. Cholesterol is one of the critical metabolites supporting PC, synthesized or acquired by PC cells. Nevertheless, the significance of the de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway has been controversial in PC, indicating the need to reassess this pathway in PC. We utilized preclin. models and clin. specimens of PC patients and cell lines and utilized mass spectrometry-based sterol anal. Further, we also performed in silico anal. to corroborate the significance of de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway in PC. Our results demonstrated alteration in free sterol levels, including free cholesterol, across in vitro, in vivo, and clin. specimens of PC. Especially, our sterol analyses established consistent alterations in free cholesterol across the different PC models. Overall, this study demonstrates the significance and consistency in deviation of cholesterol synthesis pathway in PC while showing the aberrations in sterol metabolite intermediates and the related genes using preclin. models, in silico platforms, and the clin. specimens.

Metabolites published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), PRP (Properties), BIOL (Biological Study) (DHCR24). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2.

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Xiao, Jun; Li, Weiyun; Zheng, Xin; Qi, Linlin; Wang, Hui; Zhang, Chi; Wan, Xiaopeng; Zheng, Yuxiao; Zhong, Ruiyue; Zhou, Xin; Lu, Yao; Li, Zhiqi; Qiu, Ying; Liu, Chang; Zhang, Fang; Zhang, Yanbo; Xu, Xiaoyan; Yang, Zhongzhou; Chen, Hualan; Zhai, Qiwei; Wei, Bin; Wang, Hongyan published the artcile< Targeting 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Integrates Cholesterol Metabolism and IRF3 Activation to Eliminate Infection>, Application of C27H44O, the main research area is viral infection DHCR7 IRF3 TBK1 tamoxifen cholesterol metabolism; 7-DHC; AKT3; DHCR7; IRF3; cholesterol metabolism; infection; macrophage; type I IFN.

Recent work suggests that cholesterol metabolism impacts innate immune responses against infection. However, the key enzymes or the natural products and mechanisms involved are not well elucidated. Here, we have shown that upon DNA and RNA viral infection, macrophages reduced 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) expression. DHCR7 deficiency or treatment with the natural product 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) could specifically promote phosphorylation of IRF3 (not TBK1) and enhance type I interferon (IFN-I) production in macrophages. We further elucidated that viral infection or 7-DHC treatment enhanced AKT3 expression and activation. AKT3 directly bound and phosphorylated IRF3 at Ser385, together with TBK1-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 Ser386, to achieve IRF3 dimerization. Deletion of DHCR7 and the DHCR7 inhibitors including AY9944 and the chemotherapy drug tamoxifen promoted clearance of Zika virus and multiple viruses in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, we propose that the DHCR7 inhibitors and 7-DHC are potential therapeutics against emerging or highly pathogenic viruses.

Immunity published new progress about Cell membrane. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Application of C27H44O.

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Luo, Yitao; Liu, Zhengyuan; Zeng, Yujie; Zhang, Yuxiao; Luan, Yujing; Ma, Li; Chen, Li; Zou, Lin; Yang, Jingmin; Huang, Zhibin; Rao, Yulan; Zhang, Chengqiang published the artcile< A reliable tool for detecting 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol in human plasma and its use in diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome>, Product Details of C27H44O, the main research area is Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome; antioxidants; biomarkers; inborn errors of metabolism; microwave-assisted derivatization.

Background : Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is a birth defect caused by the deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, which leads to accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol and reduction of cholesterol in body fluids. To effectively diagnose Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and monitor therapy, a reliable method for simultaneous detection of 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol is needed. Methods : In the presence of antioxidants (2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol and triphenylphosphine), 50 μL of human plasma were hydrolyzed at 70°C for 40 min with 1 M potassium hydroxide in 90% ethanol, and then 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol were extracted by 600 μL of n-hexane for three times. After microwave-assisted derivatization with 70 μL of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide at 460 W for 3 min, the analytes were measured by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Results : The limits of detection were 100 ng/mL for 7-dehydrocholesterol and 300 ng/mL for cholesterol. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 1-600 μg/mL for 7-dehydrocholesterol and 10-600 μg/mL for cholesterol, which completely covered the biochem. levels of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome patients that have been reported. Conclusion : A time-saving and accurate gas chromatog. with mass spectrometry based method was developed for the determination of 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol in human plasma, which also serves as a useful tool for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome diagnosis, treatment, and research.

Journal of Separation Science published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Product Details of C27H44O.

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Yao, Yao; Fu, Shihui; Li, N.; Hu, F.; Zhang, H.; Zhu, Q.; Luan, F.; Zhang, F.; Zhao, Yali; He, Y. published the artcile< Sex, Residence and Fish Intake Predict Vitamin D Status in Chinese Centenarians>, Safety of (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is vitamin D status intake; China; Vitamin D; centenarians; determinants; prevalence.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chinese centenarians and to identify the factors associated with vitamin D deficie. Methods: Details on sociodemographics and lifestyle characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometrics and blood samples were obtained. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration < 20ng/mL (50nmol/L). The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among these 943 centenarians was 39.9% (376 subjects) and the mean serum vitamin D concentrations were 22.7±9.5 (ng/mL). Female centenarians had higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than male (44.0% vs. 21.7%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that being female, urban residency, lower body mass index, higher serum parathyroid hormone levels, no fish consumption, and less sun exposure time were all significant and independent determinants of vitamin D deficiency. No significant associations of vitamin D deficiency with ethnic, education, geog. location, tea drinking, alc. use, or smoking were found in this study. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was common in Chinese centenarians, especially in women. Given that vitamin D deficiency is linked to numerous adverse health outcomes, dietary, outdoor activities and other intervention measures are needed to correct vitamin D deficiency in this population. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging published new progress about Body mass index. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Safety of (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

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Pleshinger, Matthew J.; Friedrich, Ryan M.; Hubler, Zita; Rivera-Leon, Adrianna M.; Gao, Farrah; Yan, David; Sax, Joel L.; Srinivasan, Ramya; Bederman, Ilya; Shick, H. Elizabeth; Tesar, Paul J.; Adams, Drew J. published the artcile< Inhibition of SC4MOL and HSD17B7 shifts cellular sterol composition and promotes oligodendrocyte formation>, Computed Properties of 434-16-2, the main research area is steroid cancer neurodegenerative disease.

While the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway has been extensively studied, recent work has forged new links between inhibition of specific sterol pathway enzymes, accumulation of their unique sterol substrates, and biol. areas as diverse as cancer, immunol., and neurodegenerative disease. We recently reported that dozens of small mols. enhance formation of oligodendrocytes, a glial cell type lost in multiple sclerosis, by inhibiting CYP51, Sterol 14-reductase, or EBP and inducing cellular accumulation of their 8,9-unsaturated sterol substrates. Several adjacent pathway enzymes also have 8,9-unsaturated sterol substrates but have not yet been evaluated as potential targets for oligodendrocyte formation or in many other biol. contexts, in part due to a lack of available small-mol. probes. Here, we show that genetic suppression of SC4MOL or HSD17B7 increases the formation of oligodendrocytes. Addnl., we have identified and optimized multiple potent new series of SC4MOL and HSD17B7 inhibitors and shown that these small mols. enhance oligodendrocyte formation. SC4MOL inhibitor CW4142 induced accumulation of SC4MOLs sterol substrates in mouse brain and represents an in vivo probe of SC4MOL activity. Mechanistically, the cellular accumulation of these 8,9-unsaturated sterols represents a central driver of enhanced oligodendrocyte formation, as exogenous addition of purified SC4MOL and HSD17B7 substrates but not their 8,9-satd analogs promotes OPC differentiation. Our work validates SC4MOL and HSD17B7 as novel targets for promoting oligodendrocyte formation, underlines a broad role for 8,9-unsaturated sterols as enhancers of oligodendrocyte formation, and establishes the first high-quality small mols. targeting SC4MOL and HSD17B7 as novel tools for probing diverse areas of biol.

RSC Chemical Biology published new progress about Industrial methanol conversion. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Computed Properties of 434-16-2.

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Iwasaki, Hiroshi; Wakamatsu, Masaki; Sugihara, Kazunari; Kamio, Kyohei; Tsuji, Satoshi; Morita, Junya; Kurihara, Yasuhiro; Izumi, Tomoko; Nishimoto, Tomohiro; Kinoshita, Kohnosuke; Nakanishi, Yutaka; Sasaki, Minoru published the artcile< Drug-induced lenticular opacity and accumulation of cholesterol-related substances in the lens cortex of dogs.>, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is Cataract; Cholesterol; Lens; Lenticular opacity; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

TP0446131, developed as an antidepressant agent, was found to cause lenticular opacity in a 13-week repeated-dose study in dogs. Histopathologically, the lenticular opacity was observed as a degeneration of the lens fibers, characterized by irregularity in the ordered arrangement of the fibers which is necessary to maintain the transparency of the lens, and was considered to manifest clinically as cataract. To evaluate the development mechanism of the lenticular opacity, the chemical constituents of the lens, which is known to be associated with the development of cataract, were examined. The results of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed an increase in the amplitudes of 3 unknown peaks in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the lens, with no remarkable changes in the other chemical components tested. In addition, the content of cholesterol, alterations of which have been reported to be associated with cataract, remained unchanged. The mass spectral data and chromatographic behavior of the 3 peaks indicated that these peaks corresponded to sterol-related substances, and that one of them was 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol biosynthesis. This finding suggested that TP0446131 exerts some effects on the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, which could be involved in the development of the cataracts. Furthermore, increases in the levels of these sterol-related substances were also detected in the serum, and were, in fact, noted prior to the onset of the cataract, suggesting the possibility that these substances in the serum could be used as potential safety biomarkers for predicting the onset of cataract induced by TP0446131.

The Journal of toxicological sciences published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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