Category: 434-16-2

Rozdzynska-Swiatkowska, A.; Ciara, E.; Halat-Wolska, P.; Krajewska-Walasek, M.; Jezela-Stanek, A. published the artcile< Anthropometric characteristics of 65 Polish Smith-Lemli-Opitz patients>, HPLC of Formula: 434-16-2, the main research area is smith lemli opitz syndrome; 7-Dehydrocholesterol; Anthropometry; DHCR7 gene; Growth; Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.

Abstract: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) belongs to a group of multiple congenital anomaly/developmental delay disorders. Its primary cause lies in the defect in cholesterol biosynthesis-7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7)-caused by pathogenic variants in the homonymous gene. Anthropometric anomalies, especially growth restriction and microcephaly, are among the most common phys. manifestations of SLOS. There have been no studies analyzing the correlation between genotype, biochem. marker (7-dehydrocholesterol), and the birth and growth parameters for individuals with SLOS. This paper presents anthropometric data from the group of 65 Polish patients (aged 0.1 to 18 years) with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, with genotype and biochem. correlations for birth parameters, as well as growth in relation to mol. DHCR7 variants.

Journal of Applied Genetics published new progress about Biomarkers. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, HPLC of Formula: 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cook, Ian; Leyh, Thomas S. published the artcile< The N-Terminus of Human Sulfotransferase 2B1b-a Sterol-Sensing Allosteric Site>, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is sulfotransferase SULT2B1b allosteric site allostere quercetin oxysterol.

Among human cytosolic sulfotransferases, SULT2B1b is highly specific for oxysterols-oxidized cholesterol derivatives, including nuclear-receptor ligands causally linked to skin and neurodegerative diseases, cancer and atherosclerosis. Sulfonation of signaling oxysterols redirects their receptor-binding functions, and controlling these functions is expected to prove valuable in disease prevention and treatment. SULT2B1b is distinct among the human SULT2 isoforms by virtue of its atypically long N-terminus, which extends 15 residues beyond the next longest N-terminus in the family. Here, in silico studies are used to predict that the N-terminal extension forms an allosteric pocket and to identify potential allosteres. One such allostere, quercetin, is used to confirm the existence of the pocket and to demonstrate that allostere binding inhibits turnover. The structure of the pocket is obtained by positioning quercetin on the enzyme, using spin-label-triangulation NMR, followed by NMR distance-constrained mol. dynamics docking. The model is confirmed using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and initial-rate studies. Stopped-flow ligand-binding studies demonstrate that inhibition is achieved by stabilizing the closed form of the enzyme active-site cap, which encapsulates the nucleotide, slowing its release. Finally, endogenous oxysterols are shown to bind to the site in a highly selective fashion-one of the two immediate biosynthetic precursors of cholesterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) is an inhibitor, while the other (24-dehydrocholesterol) is not. These findings provide insights into the allosteric dialogue in which SULT2B1b participates in in vivo and establishes a template against which to develop isoform-specific inhibitors to control SULT2B1b biol.

Biochemistry published new progress about Allosterism. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Speranza, Eric Demian; Colombo, Manuel; Heguilor, Santiago; Tatone, Leandro Martin; Colombo, Juan Carlos published the artcile< Alterations in the sterol signature of detritivorous fish along pollution gradients in the Rio de la Plata basin (Argentina): From plant to sewage-based diet>, Synthetic Route of 434-16-2, the main research area is sterol detritivorous fish pollution sewage diet; Coprostanol; Detritivory; Fish; Sewage; Sterols.

In order to assess the impact of sewage pollution on the diet of the strict detritivorous and migratory South American fish, Prochilodus lineatus, 16 sterol biomarkers were analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry from fish muscle (n: 144) collected along 1200 km in the Rio de la Plata basin. Sterol concentrations were fairly homogeneous (2.4 ± 1.3 mg g-1 dry weight), but their proportion in lipids was highly variable and inversely related to both body mass and lipid contents, reflecting the more conservative character of sterols compared to the rapid accumulation of fat as fish grows. As expected, the muscle sterol signature was widely dominated by cholesterol (92 ± 4.5% of total sterols), but it exhibited a remarkable diversity with variable proportions of fecal coprostanol (4.0 ± 4.4%) and plant sterols (3.1 ± 1.9%, e.g. sitosterol and campesterol). Muscle sterols exhibited contrasting geog. differences associated with dietary shifts from plant-derived detritus in the northern reaches of the basin (N: Parana and Uruguay Rivers), to sewage dominated inputs at Buenos Aires (BA). Fish from BA are fattier (lipids: 35 ± 18 vs. 15 ± 9.0% at N), with higher total sterol contents (2.6 ± 1.3 vs. 1.9 ± 1.0 mg g-1), abundant coprostanol (5.3 ± 4.4 vs. 0.46 ± 1.1%) and lower plant sterols (2.6 ± 1.6 vs 4.6 ± 2.0%), reflecting a diet shifted to anthropogenic organic matter as opposed to vegetal detritus in the north. Accordingly, BA fish presented lower phyto/fecal sterol ratios (0.37 ± 0.21 vs. 0.91 ± 0.12 at N) and higher copro/epicoprostanol ratios (0.95 ± 0.082 vs 0.51 ± 0.25 at N), indicating fresh fecal inputs which provide a valuable supply of easily absorbed organic matter at this site. In addition, the sterol signature allowed to distinguish migratory fish from BA collected 900 km north (previously identified by their pollutant fingerprint and biochem. composition). In fact, coprostanol concentrations show a direct relationship with human populations along the basin, highlighting the usefulness of fecal sterol biomarkers as tracers of polluted fish stocks.

Environmental Research published new progress about Biomarkers. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Synthetic Route of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Delahunty, Ian; Li, Jianwen; Jiang, Wen; Lee, Chaebin; Yang, Xueyuan; Kumar, Anil; Liu, Zhi; Zhang, Weizhong; Xie, Jin published the artcile< 7-Dehydrocholesterol Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles As a Radiation-Responsive Sensitizer for Enhancing Radiation Therapy>, COA of Formula: C27H44O, the main research area is 7-dehydrocholesterol; colon carcinoma; nanoparticles; radiation therapy; radiosensitizers.

Therapeutics that can be activated by radiation in situ to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy are highly desirable. Herein, 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), a biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol, as a radiosensitizer, exploiting its ability to propagate the free radical chain reaction is explored. The studies show that 7-DHC can react with radiation-induced reactive oxygen species and in turn promote lipid peroxidation, double-strand breaks, and mitochondrial damage in cancer cells. For efficient delivery, 7-DHC is encapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, forming 7-DHC@PLGA NPs. When tested in CT26 tumor bearing mice, 7-DHC@PLGA NPs significantly enhanced the efficacy of radiotherapy, causing complete tumor eradication in 30% of the treated animals. After treatment, 7-DHC is converted to cholesterol, causing no detectable side effects or hypercalcemia. 7-DHC@PLGA NPs represent a radiation-responsive sensitizer with great potential in clin. translation.

Small published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, COA of Formula: C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Carlberg, Carsten; Velleuer, Eunike published the artcile< Vitamin D and the risk for cancer: A molecular analysis>, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is review colon prostate breast cancer vitamin D receptor transcriptomics; Cancer prevention; Colon cancer; Epigenome; Evolution; Immune system; Transcriptome; VDR; Vitamin D; Vitamin D response index; Vitamin D status; Vitamin D target genes.

A review. Uncontrolled overgrowth of cells, such as in cancer, is an unavoidable risk in life that affects nearly every second individual in industrialized countries. However, in part this risk can be controlled through lifestyle adjustments, such as the avoidance of smoking, unhealthy diet, obesity, phys. inactivity and other cancer risk factors. A low vitamin D status is a risk in particular for cancers of colon, prostate, breast and leukocytes. Vitamin D3 is produced non-enzymically, when the cholesterol precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol is exposed to UV-B from sunlight, i.e., all cholesterol synthesizing species, including humans, can make vitamin D3. Vitamin D endocrinol. started some 550 million years ago, when the metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the transcription factor vitamin D receptor teamed up for regulating the expression of hundreds of target genes in a multitude of different tissues and cell types. Initially, these genes were focused on the control of energy homeostasis, which later also involved energy-demanding innate and adaptive immunity. Rapidly growing cells of the immune system as well as those of malignant tumors rely on comparable genes and pathways, some of which are modulated by vitamin D. Accordingly, vitamin D has anti-cancer effects both directly via controlling the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells as well as indirectly through regulating immune cells that belong to the microenvironment of malignant tumors. This review discusses effects of vitamin D on the epigenome and transcriptome of stromal and tumor cells, inter-individual variations in vitamin D responsiveness and their relation to the prevention and possible therapy of cancer.

Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Adaptive immunity. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Jie; Scarano, Aurelia; Gonzalez, Nestor Mora; D’Orso, Fabio; Yue, Yajuan; Nemeth, Krisztian; Saalbach, Gerhard; Hill, Lionel; de Oliveira Martins, Carlo; Moran, Rolando; Santino, Angelo; Martin, Cathie published the artcile< Biofortified tomatoes provide a new route to vitamin D sufficiency>, Synthetic Route of 434-16-2, the main research area is biofortified tomatoe provide vitamin D sufficiency.

Poor vitamin D status is a global health problem; insufficiency underpins higher risk of cancer, neurocognitive decline and all-cause mortality. Most foods contain little vitamin D and plants are very poor sources. We have engineered the accumulation of provitamin D3 in tomato by genome editing, modifying a duplicated section of phytosterol biosynthesis in Solanaceous plants, to provide a biofortified food with the added possibility of supplement production from waste material.

Nature Plants (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Alkaloidal steroidal glycosides Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Synthetic Route of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stokstad, Erik published the artcile< Engineered tomatoes get a healthy dose of vitamin D.>, Name: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is .

Knocking out a gene boosts precursors of essential nutrient.

Science (New York, N.Y.) published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Name: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Delle Bovi, Richard J.; Kim, JiHyun; Suresh, Pavana; London, Erwin; Miller, W. Todd published the artcile< Sterol structure dependence of insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor activation>, Synthetic Route of 434-16-2, the main research area is insulin receptor IGF1R autophosphorylation cholesterol sterol plasma membrane; Autophosphorylation; Cholesterol; Receptor tyrosine kinase.

The plasma membrane is a dynamic environment with a complex composition of lipids, proteins, and cholesterol. Areas enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids are believed to form lipid rafts, domains of highly ordered lipids. The unique phys. properties of these domains have been proposed to influence many cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate that the activation of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) depends critically on the structures of membrane sterols. IR and IGF1R autophosphorylation in vivo was inhibited by cholesterol depletion, and autophosphorylation was restored by the replacement with exogenous cholesterol. We next screened a variety of sterols for effects on IR activation. The ability of sterols to support IR autophosphorylation was strongly correlated to the propensity of the sterols to form ordered domains. IR autophosphorylation was fully restored by the incorporation of ergosterol, dihydrocholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, lathosterol, desmosterol, and allocholesterol, partially restored by epicholesterol, and not restored by lanosterol, coprostanol, and 4-cholesten-3-one. These data support the hypothesis that the ability to form ordered domains is sufficient for a sterol to support ligand-induced activation of IR and IGF1R in intact mammalian cells.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biomembranes published new progress about Cell membrane. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Synthetic Route of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lee, Seung Mi; Moon, Ju-Yeon; Lim, Byeong-Yun; Kim, Sun Min; Park, Chan-Wook; Kim, Byoung Jae; Jun, Jong Kwan; Norwitz, Errol R.; Choi, Man Ho; Park, Joong Shin published the artcile< Increased biosynthesis and accumulation of cholesterol in maternal plasma, but not amniotic fluid in pre-eclampsia>, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is preeclampsia amniotic fluid diagnosis metabolomics cholesterol.

We undertook this study to compare the metabolic signatures of cholesterol in serum and amniotic fluid collected from women who delivered in the late preterm period. Matching serum and amniotic fluid samples were collected from women who delivered in the late preterm period (34-0/7-36-6/7 wk), had undergone amniocentesis within 3 days of delivery, had no evidence of rupture of membranes or intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, and who had not received antenatal corticosteroid prior to amniocentesis. A total of 39 women were included in the anal. (n = 14 in Group 1, n = 16 in Group 2, n = 9 in Group 3). In maternal blood, patients in Group 1 had higher ratios of cholesterol/desmosterol and cholesterol/7-dehydrocholesterol (which represent 24- and 7-reductase enzyme activity, resp.) than those in Group 3 (p < 0.05 for each), which suggests increased cholesterol biosynthesis. In contrast, patients in Group 1 had decreased ratios of individual cholesterol esters/cholesterol and total cholesterol esters/cholesterol than those in Groups 3 (p < 0.01 for each), suggesting increased reverse cholesterol transport. No differences in cholesterol ratios were found in amniotic fluid among the 3 groups. In conclusion, the metabolic signatures of cholesterol suggest increased cholesterol biosynthesis and accumulation in the maternal blood (but not amniotic fluid) of women with preeclampsia. Scientific Reports published new progress about Amniotic fluid. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cutolo, Maurizio; Soldano, Stefano; Sulli, Alberto; Smith, Vanessa; Gotelli, Emanuele published the artcile< Influence of seasonal vitamin D changes on clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis>, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is review vitamin D rheumatoid arthritis systemic sclerosis; circadian rhythms; connective tissue diseases; rheumatoid arthritis; systemic sclerosis; vitamin D.

A review. Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D-calcitriol] is basically a steroid hormone with pleiotropic biol. effects, and its impact on the regulation of immune system may influence several clin. conditions. Calcidiol (25OHD), as precursor of calcitriol, derives, for the most part (80%), from cutaneous cholesterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) under the action of UV-B (sunlight). Consequently, serum concentrations fluctuate during the year following the circannual rhythm of sun exposition. We will update about the available evidence regarding the complex influence of seasonal vitamin D changes on two different chronic connective tissue diseases, namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Notably, RA is an emblematic model of autoimmune disease with prevalent joint inflammatory features, while SSc is mainly an autoimmune progressive pro-fibrotic disease. However, in both conditions, low serum concentrations of 25OHD are involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases, and emerging data report their impact on clin. manifestations.

Frontiers in Immunology published new progress about Autoimmune disease. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts