Category: 434-16-2

Yavuz, Ulas; Alaylioglu, Merve; Sengul, Busra; Karras, Spyridon N.; Gezen-Ak, Duygu; Dursun, Erdinc published the artcile< Protein disulfide isomerase A3 might be involved in the regulation of 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase via vitamin D equilibrium in primary cortical neurons>, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is cortical neuron protein disulfide isomerase vitamin D treatment; 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase; Neurodegeneration; Primary neuronal culture; Protein disulfide isomerase A3; Vitamin D.

Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone mediating its functions via vitamin D receptor (VDR) and an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3). From a physiol. perspective, there is also a well-established association of cholesterol and vitamin D synthesis, since both share a common metabolic substrate, 7 dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Yet, the potential basic pathways, of the biol. interplay of DHCR24 and vitamin D equilibrium, on neuronal level, are yet to be determined In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between vitamin D pathways and DHCR24 in primary cortical neuron cultures. The neocortex of Sprague-Dawley rat embryos (E16) was used for the preparation of primary cortical neuron cultures. DHCR24 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent labeling in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated or VDR/PDIA3-silenced primary cortical neurons. The mRNA expression of DHCR24 was significantly decreased in the cortical neurons treated with 10-8M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (p<0.001). In parallel with the mRNA results, DHCR24 protein expression in cortical neurons treated with 10-8M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was also significantly lower than untreated neurons (p<0.05). These data were also confirmed with immunofluorescent labeling and fluorescence intensity measurements of DHCR24 (p<0.001). Finally, DHCR24 mRNA expression level was significantly increased in PDIA3 siRNA-treated neurons (p<0.05). Similar to the mRNA results, the DHCR24 protein expression of PDIA3 siRNA-treated neurons was also statistically higher than the other groups (p<0.05). Results of this mechanistic exptl. basic study demonstrate that DHCR24 mRNA expression and protein concentrations attenuated in response to vitamin D treatment. Furthermore, we observed that PDIA3 might be involved in this modulatory effect. Our findings indicate a complex interaction of DHCR24 and vitamin D equilibrium, through the involvement of PDIA3 and vitamin D in the modulation of cholesterol metabolism in neuronal cells, requiring future studies on the field. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology: Animal published new progress about Cerebral neocortex. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Jia; Cao, Lei; Qu, Jun-Ze; Chen, Ting-Ting; Su, Zi-Jie; Hu, Yun-Long; Wang, Ying; Yao, Ming-Dong; Xiao, Wen-Hai; Li, Chun; Li, Bo; Yuan, Ying-Jin published the artcile< NVD-BM-mediated genetic biosensor triggers accumulation of 7- dehydrocholesterol and inhibits melanoma via Akt1/NF-kB signaling>, Electric Literature of 434-16-2, the main research area is NVD-BM; cancer cell regression; cholesterol 7-desaturase; genetic biosensor; melanoma.

Aberrant activation of the cholesterol biosynthesis supports tumor cell growth. In recent years, significant progress has been made by targeting rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol biosynthesis pathways to prevent carcinogenesis. However, precise mechanisms behind cholesterol degradation in cancer cells have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we report that codon optimization of the orthologous cholesterol 7- desaturase, NVD-BM from Bombyx mori, significantly slowed melanoma cell proliferation and migration, and inhibited cancer cell engraftment in nude mice, by converting cholesterol to toxic 7-dehydrocholesterol. Based on these observations, we established a synthetic genetic circuit to induce melanoma cell regression by sensing tumor specific signals in melanoma cells. The dual-input signals, RELA proto-oncogene (RELA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), activated NVD-BM expression and repressed melanoma cell proliferation and migration. Mech., we observed that NVD-BM decreased Akt1-ser473 phosphorylation and inhibited cytoplasmic RELA translocation. Taken together, NVD-BM was identified as a tumor suppressor in malignant melanoma, and we established a dual-input biosensor to promote cancer cell regression, via Akt1/NF-κB signaling. Our results demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of cholesterol 7-desaturase in melanoma metabolism, and provides insights for genetic circuits targeting 7-dehydrocholesterol accumulation in tumors.

Aging published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Electric Literature of 434-16-2.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Adhitama, Nikko; Kato, Yasuhiko; Matsuura, Tomoaki; Watanabe, Hajime published the artcile< Roles of and cross-talk between ecdysteroid and sesquiterpenoid pathways in embryogenesis of branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna>, Computed Properties of 434-16-2, the main research area is Daphnia embryogenesis ecdysteroid sesquiterpenoid signaling pathway.

In this study, we report on the functions of Spo and Jhamt and the cross-talk between them in embryos of branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna. This phenotype could be partially rescued by supplementation with 20-hydroxyecdysone, indicating that Spo may play the same role in ecdysteroid biosynthesis in early embryos, as reported in insects. After hatching, Spo expression was repressed, while Jhamt expression was activated transiently, despite its silencing during other embryonic stages. Jhamt RNAi showed little effect on survival, but shortened the embryonic period. Exposure to sesquiterpenoid analog Fenoxycarb extended the embryonic period and rescued the Jhamt RNAi phenotype, demonstrating a previously unidentified role of sesquiterpenoid in repression of precocious embryogenesis. Interestingly, the knockdown of Jhamt resulted in derepression of ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes, including Spo, similar to regulation during insect hormonal biosynthesis. Sesquiterpenoid signaling via Methoprene-tolerant gene was found to be responsible for the repression of ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes. It upregulated an ortholog of CYP18a1 that degrades ecdysteroid in insects. These results illuminate the conserved and specific functions of the ecdysteroid and sesquiterpenoid pathways in Daphnia embryos. We also infer that the common ancestor of branchiopod crustaceans and insects exhibited antagonism between the two endocrine hormones before their divergence 400 million years ago.

PLoS One published new progress about Adult, nonmammalian. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Computed Properties of 434-16-2.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Koczok, Katalin; Horvath, Laszlo; Korade, Zeljka; Mezei, Zoltan Andras; Szabo, Gabriella P.; Porter, Ned A.; Kovacs, Eszter; Mirnics, Karoly; Balogh, Istvan published the artcile< Biochemical and Clinical Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation in Hungarian Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Patients>, Quality Control of 434-16-2, the main research area is vitamin E Hungarian Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome skin photosensitivity; Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome; behavioral disturbance; skin photosensitivity; vitamin A; vitamin E.

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a severe monogenic disorder resulting in low cholesterol and high 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) levels. 7-DHC-derived oxysterols likely contribute to disease pathophysiol., and thus antioxidant treatment might be beneficial because of high oxidative stress. In a three-year prospective study, we investigated the effects of vitamin E supplementation in six SLOS patients already receiving dietary cholesterol treatment. Plasma vitamin A and E concentrations were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) method. At baseline, plasma 7-DHC, 8-dehydrocholesterol (8-DHC) and cholesterol levels were determined by liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The clin. effect of the supplementation was assessed by performing structured parental interviews. At baseline, patients were characterized by low or low-normal plasma vitamin E concentrations (7.19-15.68μmol/L), while vitamin A concentrations were found to be normal or high (1.26-2.68μmol/L). Vitamin E supplementation resulted in correction or significant elevation of plasma vitamin E concentration in all patients. We observed reduced aggression, self-injury, irritability, hyperactivity, attention deficit, repetitive behavior, sleep disturbance, skin photosensitivity and/or eczema in 3/6 patients, with notable individual variability. Clin. response to therapy was associated with a low baseline 7-DHC + 8-DHC/cholesterol ratio (0.2-0.4). We suggest that determination of vitamin E status is important in SLOS patients. Supplementation of vitamin E should be considered and might be beneficial.

Biomolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Quality Control of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fuss, Werner published the artcile< Previtamin D: Z-E photoisomerization via a Hula-twist conical intersection>, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is previtamin photoisomerization conical intersection rotamer CD.

On photoisomerization of previtamin D – a steroid Z-triene – produced in situ by ring opening of 7-dehydrocholesterol in a cold matrix, it was found in A.M.Muller et al. [Angew.Chem., Int.Ed., 1998, 37, 505-507] that the product (tachysterol) had rotated not only its central double bond but also an adjacent single bond. This is called a Hula twist (HT) due to the alternative description, in which it is just one central CH group that rotates. It was pointed out that the results directly support the calculated mol. structure at a conical intersection, which mediates the Z-E isomerization of polyenes. With a more sophisticated technique, Saltiel et al. (J.Phys.Chem.Lett., 2013, 4, 716-721) confirmed this tachysterol rotamer as the main product but found two addnl. conformers. They believed to have seen also three previtamin D conformers, suggested to be a result of hot-ground-state reactions from the primary rotamer, and interpreted all tachysterol products to be a result of a double-bond twist (DBT), not a HT. On the basis of published CD data and consideration of other reactions, it is here shown that under these conditions hot-ground-state reactions are unimportant or even negligible and that there is practically only a single conformer of previtamin D after ring opening. All products can be easily understood on the basis of an HT-type conical intersection, which is thus further supported. Invoking a published pretwist model even rationalizes product ratios. The two twists in HT are concerted. Furthermore HT is fully consistent with the NEER principle (nonequilibration of excited rotamers) and even offers addnl. possibilities for conformer control.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about Bond angle, torsional. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Slominski, Andrzej T.; Chaiprasongsuk, Anyamanee; Janjetovic, Zorica; Kim, Tae-Kang; Stefan, Joanna; Slominski, Radomir M.; Hanumanthu, Vidya Sagar; Raman, Chander; Qayyum, Shariq; Song, Yuwei; Song, Yuhua; Panich, Uraiwan; Crossman, David K.; Athar, Mohammad; Holick, Michael F.; Jetten, Anton M.; Zmijewski, Michal A.; Zmijewski, Jaroslaw; Tuckey, Robert C. published the artcile< Photoprotective Properties of Vitamin D and Lumisterol Hydroxyderivatives>, Quality Control of 434-16-2, the main research area is vitamin D lumisterol hydroxyderivative photoprotective property review; DNA damage; Lumisterol; Oxidative stress; Skin; Ultraviolet B; Vitamin D.

A review. Abstract: We have previously described new pathways of vitamin D3 activation by CYP11A1 to produce a variety of metabolites including 20(OH)D3 and 20,23(OH)2D3. These can be further hydroxylated by CYP27B1 to produce their C1α-hydroxyderivatives. CYP11A1 similarly initiates the metabolism of lumisterol (L3) through sequential hydroxylation of the side chain to produce 20(OH)L3, 22(OH)L3, 20,22(OH)2L3 and 24(OH)L3. CYP11A1 also acts on 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) producing 22(OH)7DHC, 20,22(OH)27DHC and 7-dehydropregnenolone (7DHP) which can be converted to the D3 and L3 configurations following exposure to UVB. These CYP11A1-derived compounds are produced in vivo and are biol. active displaying anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and pro-differentiation properties. Since the protective role of the classical form of vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) against UVB-induced damage is recognized, we recently tested whether novel CYP11A1-derived D3- and L3-hydroxyderivatives protect against UVB-induced damage in epidermal human keratinocytes and melanocytes. We found that along with 1,25(OH)2D3, CYP11A1-derived D3-hydroxyderivatives and L3 and its hydroxyderivatives exert photoprotective effects. These included induction of intracellular free radical scavenging and attenuation and repair of DNA damage. The protection of human keratinocytes against DNA damage included the activation of the NRF2-regulated antioxidant response, p53-phosphorylation and its translocation to the nucleus, and DNA repair induction. These data indicate that novel derivatives of vitamin D3 and lumisterol are promising photoprotective agents. However, detailed mechanisms of action, and the involvement of specific nuclear receptors, other vitamin D binding proteins or mitochondria, remain to be established.

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics published new progress about Absorption Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Quality Control of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Holick, Michael F. published the artcile< Sunlight, UV Radiation, Vitamin D, and Skin Cancer: How Much Sunlight Do We Need?>, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is vitaminD UV radiation sunlight skin cancer human health; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Melanoma; Photobiology; Previtamin D; Skin cancer; Sunlight; Ultraviolet radiation; Vitamin D; Vitamin D deficiency; Vitamin D sufficiency.

Vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin for good reason. During exposure to sunlight, the UV B photons enter the skin and photolyze 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 which in turn is isomerized by the body′s temperature to vitamin D3. Most humans have depended on sun for their vitamin D requirement. Skin pigment, sunscreen use, aging, time of day, season, and latitude dramatically affect previtamin D3 synthesis. Vitamin D deficiency was thought to have been conquered, but it is now recognized that more than 50% of the world′s population is at risk for vitamin D deficiency. This deficiency is in part due to the inadequate fortification of foods with vitamin D and the misconception that a healthy diet contains an adequate amount of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency causes growth retardation and rickets in children and will precipitate and exacerbate osteopenia, osteoporosis and increase risk of fracture in adults. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic has other serious consequences including increased risk of common cancers, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular disease. There needs to be a renewed appreciation of the beneficial effect of moderate sensible sunlight for providing all humans with their vitamin D requirement for health.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology published new progress about Osteopenia. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guez, B. A. Rbara Socas-Rodri; Sandahl, Margareta; Holm, Cecilia; Turner, Charlotta published the artcile< Recent advances in the analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites in food matrices>, Name: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is review food analysis vitamin D metabolites chromatog.

A review. Vitamin D and its analogs are fat-soluble vitamins that carry out important functions in human and animal organisms. Many studies have pointed out the relationship between the deficiency of these substances and the development of both skeletal- and extra-skeletal diseases. Although vitamin D is fundamentally derived from the bio-transformation of its precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol, through the action of UV-B radiation in the skin, dietary intake also plays an important role in the regulation of its status in an organism. For this reason, the application of reliable methodologies that enable monitoring the content of vitamin D and its analogs in food and supplements constitutes an aspect of special relevance to establish adequate habits, which avoid the deficiency of these substances in organisms and, consequently, the appearance of related diseases. The use of chromatog. techniques in combination with conventional and novel sample pre-treatments has become a suitable strategy to achieve this aim. This review compiles the most relevant methodologies reported in the last ten years for vitamin D analogs anal. in food matrixes. Particular attention has been paid to provide a general overview of the most suitable approaches in terms of reliability, sensitivity and simplicity, used in the field of food anal.

Separations published new progress about Chromatography. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Name: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Allen, Luke B.; Genaro-Mattos, Thiago C.; Porter, Ned A.; Mirnics, Karoly; Korade, Zeljka published the artcile< Desmosterolosis and desmosterol homeostasis in the developing mouse brain>, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is desmosterolosis desmosterol homeostasis brain; 7-dehydrocholesterol; Dhcr24; Dhcr7; cholesterol; desmosterol.

Cholesterol serves as a building material for cellular membranes and plays an important role in cellular metabolism The brain relies on its own cholesterol biosynthesis, which starts during embryonic development. Cholesterol is synthesized from two immediate precursors, desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Mutations in the DHCR24 enzyme, which converts desmosterol into cholesterol, lead to desmosterolosis, an autosomal recessive developmental disorder. In this study, we assessed the brain content of desmosterol, 7-DHC, and cholesterol from development to adulthood, and analyzed the biochem., mol., and anatomical consequences of Dhcr24 mutations on the sterol profile in a mouse model of desmosterolosis and heterozygous Dhcr24+/- carriers. Our HPLC-MS/MS studies revealed that by P0 desmosterol almost entirely replaced cholesterol in the Dhcr24-KO brain. The greatly elevated desmosterol levels were also present in the Dhcr24-Het brains irresp. of maternal genotype, persisting into adulthood. Furthermore, Dhcr24-KO mice brains showed complex changes in expression of lipid and sterol transcripts, nuclear receptors, and synaptic plasticity transcripts. Cultured Dhcr24-KO neurons showed increased arborization, which was also present in the Dhcr24-KO mouse brains. Finally, we observed a shared pathophysiol. mechanism between the mouse models of desmosterolosis and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (a genetic disorder of conversion of 7-DHC to cholesterol).

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease published new progress about Apolipoprotein A-II Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zakany, Florina; Pap, Pal; Papp, Ferenc; Kovacs, Tamas; Nagy, Peter; Peter, Maria; Szente, Lajos; Panyi, Gyorgy; Varga, Zoltan published the artcile< Determining the target of membrane sterols on voltage-gated potassium channels>, Electric Literature of 434-16-2, the main research area is sterol voltage gated potassium channel intracellular domain transmembrane helix; Cholesterol; Ion channel gating; K(V)1.3; K(V)10.1; Pore domain; Voltage-sensor.

Cholesterol, an essential lipid component of cellular plasma membranes, regulates fluidity, mech.integrity, raft structure and may specifically interact with membrane proteins. Numerous effects on ion channels by cholesterol, including changes in current amplitude, voltage dependence and gating kinetics, have been reported. We have previously described such changes in the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 of lymphocytes by cholesterol and its analog 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC). In voltage-gated channels membrane depolarization induces movement of the voltage sensor domains (VSD), which is transmitted by a coupling mechanism to the pore domain (PD) to open the channel. Here, we investigated whether cholesterol effects were mediated by the VSD to the pore or the PD was the direct target. Specificity was tested by comparing Kv1.3 and Kv10.1 channels having different VSD-PD coupling mechanisms. Current recordings were performed with two-electrode voltage-clamp fluorometry, where movement of the VSDs was monitored by attaching fluorophores to external cysteine residues introduced in the channel sequence. Loading the membrane with cholesterol or 7DHC using methyl-β-cyclodextrin induced changes in the steady-state and kinetic parameters of the ionic currents while leaving fluorescence parameters mostly unaffected in both channels. Non-stationary noise anal.revealed that reductionof single channel conductance rather than that of open probability caused the observedcurrent decrease. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning and stimulated emission depletion microscopy demonstrated significant changes in the distribution of these ion channels in response to sterol loading. Our results indicate that sterol-induced effects on ion channel gating directly target the pore and do not act via the VSD.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids published new progress about Antibodies and Immunoglobulins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Electric Literature of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts