Category: 434-16-2

Herron, Josi M.; Tomita, Hideaki; White, Collin C.; Kavanagh, Terrance J.; Xu, Libin published the artcile< Benzalkonium Chloride Disinfectants Induce Apoptosis, Inhibit Proliferation, and Activate the Integrated Stress Response in a 3-D in Vitro Model of Neurodevelopment>, SDS of cas: 434-16-2, the main research area is benzalkonium chloride neural stem cell neurosphere apoptosis proliferation stress.

We previously found that the widely used disinfectants, benzalkonium chlorides (BACs), alter cholesterol and lipid homeostasis in neuronal cell lines and in neonatal mouse brains. Here, we investigate the effects of BACs on neurospheres, an in vitro three-dimensional model of neurodevelopment. Neurospheres cultured from mouse embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were exposed to increasing concentrations (from 1 to 100 nM) of a short-chain BAC (BAC C12), a long-chain BAC (BAC C16), and AY9944 (a known DHCR7 inhibitor). We found that the sizes of neurospheres were decreased by both BACs but not by AY9944. Furthermore, we observed potent inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis at the step of DHCR7 by BAC C12 but not by BAC C16, suggesting that cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition is not responsible for the observed reduction in neurosphere growth. By using immunostaining and cell cycle anal., we found that both BACs induced apoptosis and decreased proliferation of NPCs. To explore the mechanisms underlying their effect on neurosphere growth, we carried out RNA sequencing on neurospheres exposed to each BAC at 50 nM for 24 h, which revealed the activation of the integrated stress response by both BACs. Overall, these results suggest that BACs affect neurodevelopment by inducing the integrated stress response in a manner independent of their effects on cholesterol biosynthesis.

Chemical Research in Toxicology published new progress about Apoptosis. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, SDS of cas: 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dambri, Oussama Abderrahmane; Cherkaoui, Soumaya published the artcile< Performance Enhancement of Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication.>, Application of C27H44O, the main research area is .

Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) is one of the challenges of bio-inspired diffusion-based molecular communication. The degradation of the remaining molecules from a previous transmission is the solution that biological systems use to mitigate this ISI. While most prior work has proposed the use of enzymes to catalyze the molecules degradation, enzymes also degrade the molecules carrying the information, which drastically decreases the signal strength. In this paper, we propose the use of photolysis reactions, which use the light to instantly transform the emitted molecules so they no longer be recognized after their detection. The light will be emitted in an optimal time, allowing the receiver to detect as many molecules as possible, which increases both the signal strength and ISI mitigation. A lower bound expression on the expectation of the observed molecules number at the receiver is derived. Bit error probability expression is also formulated, and both expressions are validated with simulation results, which show a visible enhancement when using photolysis reactions. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using Interference-to-Total-Received molecules metric (ITR) and the derived bit error probability.

IEEE transactions on nanobioscience published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Application of C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Z. Yan; Pergande, Melissa R.; Ragsdale, Clifton W.; Cologna, Stephanie M. published the artcile< Steroid hormones of the octopus self-destruct system>, Quality Control of 434-16-2, the main research area is Octopus self destruct system steroid hormone; bile acids; cephalopod; dafachronic acids; longevity; maternal care; neuroendocrinology; neuroethology; progesterone; reproduction; senescence.

Among all invertebrates, soft-bodied cephalopods have the largest central nervous systems and the greatest brain-to-body mass ratios, yet unlike other big-brained animals, cephalopods are unusually short lived. Primates and corvids survive for many decades, but shallow-water octopuses, such as the California two-spot octopus (Octopus bimaculoides), typically live for only 1 yr. Lifespan and reproduction are controlled by the principal neuroendocrine center of the octopus: the optic glands, which are functional analogs to the vertebrate pituitary gland. After mating, females steadfastly brood their eggs, begin fasting, and undergo rapid physiol. decline, featuring repeated self-injury and leading to death. Removal of the optic glands completely reverses this life history trajectory, but the signaling factors underlying this major life transition are unknown. Here, we characterize the major secretions and steroidogenic pathways of the female optic gland using mass spectrometry techniques. We find that at least three pathways are mobilized to increase synthesis of select sterol hormones after reproduction One pathway generates pregnane steroids, known in other animals to support reproduction Two other pathways produce 7-dehydrocholesterol and bile acid intermediates, neither of which were previously known to be involved in semelparity. Our results provide insight into invertebrate cholesterol pathways and confirm a remarkable unity of steroid hormone biol. in life history processes across Bilateria.

Current Biology published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (DAF36). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Quality Control of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Guangtao; Wang, Qing; Kakuda, Shinako; London, Erwin published the artcile< Nanodomains can persist at physiologic temperature in plasma membrane vesicles and be modulated by altering cell lipids>, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, the main research area is nanodomain physiol temperature plasma membrane vesicle cell lipid; giant vesicles; lipid substitution; phase separation.

The formation and properties of liquid-ordered lipid domains (rafts) in plasma membrane are still poorly understood. This limits our ability to manipulate ordered lipid domain-dependent biol. functions. Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) undergo large-scale phase separations into coexisting Lo and liquid-disordered lipid domains. However, large-scale phase separation in GPMVs detected by light microscopy is observed only at low temperatures The persistence of nanodomains at higher temperatures is consistent with previously reported theor. calculations To investigate the sensitivity of nanodomains to lipid composition, GPMVs were prepared from mammalian cells in which sterol, phospholipid, or sphingolipid composition in the plasma membrane outer leaflet had been altered by cyclodextrin-catalyzed lipid exchange. Lipid substitutions that stabilize or destabilize ordered domain formation in artificial lipid vesicles had a similar effect on the thermal stability of nanodomains and large-scale phase separation in GPMVs, with nanodomains persisting at higher temperatures than large-scale phases for a wide range of lipid compositions This indicates that it is likely that plasma membrane nanodomains can form under physiol. conditions more readily than large-scale phase separation We also conclude that membrane lipid substitutions carried out in intact cells are able to modulate the propensity of plasma membranes to form ordered domains. This implies lipid substitutions can be used to alter biol. processes dependent upon ordered domains.

Journal of Lipid Research published new progress about Cell membrane. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Recommanded Product: (3S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Genaro-Mattos, Thiago C.; Klingelsmith, Korinne B.; Allen, Luke B.; Anderson, Allison; Tallman, Keri A.; Porter, Ned A.; Korade, Zeljka; Mirnics, Karoly published the artcile< Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibition in Pregnant Women Taking Prescription Medications>, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is cholesterol DHCR7 7DHC pregnancy combinations neurodevelopment synergistic effect.

Sterol biosynthesis is a critical homeostatic mechanism of the body. Sterol biosynthesis begins during early embryonic life and continues throughout life. Many commonly used medications, prescribed >200 million times in the United States annually, have a sterol biosynthesis inhibition side effect. Using our high-throughput LC-MS/MS method, we assessed the levels of post-lanosterol sterol intermediates (lanosterol, desmosterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC)) and cholesterol in 1312 deidentified serum samples from pregnant women. 302 samples showing elevated 7-DHC were analyzed for the presence of 14 medications known to inhibit the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase enzyme (DHCR7) and increase 7-DHC. Of the 302 samples showing 7-DHC elevation, 43 had detectable levels of prescription medications with a DHCR7-inhibiting side effect. Taking more than one 7-DHC-elevating medication in specific combinations (polypharmacy) might exacerbate the effect on 7-DHC levels in pregnant women, suggesting a potentially additive or synergistic effect. As 7-DHC and 7-DHC-derived oxysterols are toxic, and as DHCR7-inhibiting medications are considered teratogens, our findings raise potential concerns regarding the use of prescription medication with a DHCR7-inhibiting side effect during pregnancy. The use of prescription medications during pregnancy is sometimes unavoidable, but choosing a medication without a DHCR7-inhibiting side effect might lead to a healthier pregnancy and prevent putatively adverse outcomes for the developing offspring.

ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science published new progress about Aging, animal. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sarkar, Parijat; Kumar, G. Aditya; Shrivastava, Sandeep; Chattopadhyay, Amitabha published the artcile< Chronic cholesterol depletion increases F-actin levels and induces cytoskeletal reorganization via a dual mechanism>, Formula: C27H44O, the main research area is chronic cholesterol depletion Factin cytoskeletal reorganization dual mechanism; F-actin; MβCD; Rho GTPase; actin polymerization; cholesterol; confocal microscopy; methyl-β-cyclodextrin; phosphatidylinositol; plasma membrane; statins.

Previous work from us and others has suggested that cholesterol is an important lipid in the context of the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton upon modulation of membrane cholesterol is rarely addressed in the literature. In this work, we explored the signaling crosstalk between cholesterol and the actin cytoskeleton by using a high-resolution confocal microscopic approach to quant. measure changes in F-actin content upon cholesterol depletion. Our results show that F-actin content significantly increases upon chronic cholesterol depletion, but not during acute cholesterol depletion. In addition, utilizing inhibitors targeting the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway at different steps, we show that reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton could occur due to the synergistic effect of multiple pathways, including prenylated Rho GTPases and availability of membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. These results constitute one of the first comprehensive dissections of the mechanistic basis underlying the interplay between cellular actin levels and cholesterol biosynthesis. We envision these results will be relevant for future understating of the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in pathol. conditions with altered cholesterol.

Journal of Lipid Research published new progress about Apoptosis. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Formula: C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Herron, Josi M.; Hines, Kelly M.; Tomita, Hideaki; Seguin, Ryan P.; Cui, Julia Yue; Xu, Libin published the artcile< Multiomics investigation reveals benzalkonium chloride disinfectants alter sterol and lipid homeostasis in the mouse neonatal brain>, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2, the main research area is multiomic benzalkonium chloride disinfectant mouse sterol lipid brain neurotoxicity; benzalkonium chloride; in utero exposure; lipids; multi-omics; neurodevelopment; sterols.

Lipids are critical for neurodevelopment; therefore, disruption of lipid homeostasis by environmental chems. is expected to have detrimental effects on this process. Previously, we demonstrated that the benzalkonium chlorides (BACs), a class of commonly used disinfectants, alter cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid homeostasis in neuronal cell cultures in a manner dependent on their alkyl chain length. However, the ability of BACs to reach the neonatal brain and alter sterol and lipid homeostasis during neurodevelopment in vivo has not been characterized. Therefore, the goal of this study was to use targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry and transcriptomics to investigate the effect of BACs on sterol and lipid homeostasis and to predict the mechanism of toxicity of BACs on neurodevelopmental processes. After maternal dietary exposure to 120 mg BAC/kg body weight/day, we quantified BAC levels in the mouse neonatal brain, demonstrating for the first time that BACs can cross the blood-placental barrier and enter the developing brain. Transcriptomic anal. of neonatal brains using RNA sequencing revealed alterations in canonical pathways related to cholesterol biosynthesis, liver X receptor-retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) signaling, and glutamate receptor signaling. Mass spectrometry anal. revealed decreases in total sterol levels and downregulation of triglycerides and diglycerides, which were consistent with the upregulation of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis and uptake as well as inhibition of LXR signaling. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that BACs target sterol and lipid homeostasis and provide new insights for the possible mechanisms of action of BACs as developmental neurotoxicants.

Toxicological Sciences published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (AACS). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Application In Synthesis of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhai, Lu-Lu; Zhu, A-Kao; Tang, Zhi-Gang published the artcile< Effect of supplementation with calcitriol versus cholecalciferol on insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Several issues of concern>, Application of C27H44O, the main research area is calcitriol cholecalciferol supplementation insulin resistance nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Calcitriol; Cholecalciferol; Insulin resistance; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Vitamin D.

In this randomized controlled clin. trial, the authors compared the effects of calcitriol and cholecalciferol supplementation on insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The findings revealed that the use of calcitriol supplementation significantly decreased insulin resistance in patients with non-alc. fatty liver disease compared to cholecalciferol. The authors also discuss about several important issues that deserve to be focused on in this study and these issues should be considered in future studies.

Clinical Nutrition published new progress about Homo sapiens. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Application of C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kiourtzidis, Mikis; Kuehn, Julia; Schutkowski, Alexandra; Baur, Anja C.; Hirche, Frank; Stangl, Gabriele I. published the artcile< Inhibition of Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1 by ezetimibe reduces uptake of deuterium-labeled vitamin D in mice>, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is ezetimibe NPC1L1 Cyp3a11 cholesterol vitamin D deuterium; Ezetimibe; Intestinal absorption; Mice; Npc1l1; Vitamin D.

The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of long-term inhibition of Npc1l1 by ezetimibe on uptake and storage of orally administered triple deuterated vitamin D3. Therefore, 30 male wild-type mice were randomly assigned into three groups and received diets with 25μg/kg of vitamin D3-d3 that contained 0, 50 or 100 mg/kg ezetimibe for six weeks. Mice fed diets with 50 or 100 mg/kg ezetimibe had lower circulating levels of cholesterol than control mice. In contrast, the concentrations of 7-dehydrocholesterol in serum and liver were higher in mice treated with ezetimibe than in control mice, indicating an increased sterol synthesis to compensate for cholesterol reduction In comparison to the control group, mice treated with ezetimibe had lower concentrations of deuterated vitamin D3 compared with the control group in serum, liver, kidney, adipose tissues and muscle. The protein expression of the vitamin D hydroxylases Cyp2r1, Cyp27a1, Cyp3a11, Cyp24a1 and Cyp2j3 in liver and Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 in kidney remained largely unaffected by ezetimibe. To conclude, Npc1l1 appears to be crucial for the uptake of orally ingested vitamin D because long-term inhibition of Npc1l1 by ezetimibe strongly reduced the levels of deuterium-labeled vitamin D in the body; the observed rise in deuterated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in serum of these mice can not be explained by the expression levels of the key enzymes involved in vitamin D hydroxylation.

Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology published new progress about Adipose tissue (retroperitoneal). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Al-Dhubaibi, Mohammed Saleh; Shahzad, Muhammad; Al-Senaid, Adel Ibrahim; El-Hakim, Ashraf Hamouda Abd; Elneam, Ahmed Ibrahim Abd published the artcile< Phototherapy enhanced vitamin D level in psoriasis>, Related Products of 434-16-2, the main research area is meta analysis UV B radiation vitamin D psoriasis.

Phototherapy: broadband UVB (BUVB), narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) and heliotherapy is commonly used treatment modalities for widespread psoriasis. Vitamin D3, cholecalciferol, is produced in the epidermis by UV radiation (290-315 nm) of 7-dehydrocholesterol. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D], and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1, 25(OH) 2D] are the major circulating metabolites. Sun exposure is the strongest factor influencing 25(OH) D. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate whether phototherapy was able to influence vitamin D level in psoriasis and its beneficial effect on psoriasis by increasing vitamin D level. We conducted a systematic review to assess the association between phototherapy and vitamin D status in psoriasis that was reviewed in Jan. and Apr. 2018. An electronic published work search was performed using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Saudi Digital Library database and Medline. A total of 592 eligible articles by searching PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Saudi Digital Library. The titles and abstracts of 164 manuscripts were found to potentially fulfill search criteria. After the application of inclusion standards and full-text review, 23 manuscripts remained for inclusion. The sample size was 659 psoriasis patients. A total of 23 studies summarize the effect of phototherapy on vitamin D in psoriasis. Daily artificial UV therapy is an effective treatment for psoriasis patients, and vitamin D scores taking into consideration the type of UV, skin pigmentations, age of the patient and initial level of serum vitamin D.

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences published new progress about Homo sapiens. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Related Products of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts